Oracle Database 10g: 2 Day DBA for Windows

Transcription

1 Oracle Database 10g: 2 Day DBA for Windows Student Guide D18422GC10 Edition 1.0 May 2005 D41682

2 Author Donna K. Keesling Technical Contributors and Reviewers Lothar Auert Robert Bungenstock Jose Marco-Dominguez Ric Van Dyke Gerlinde Frenzen Joel Goodman Magnus Isaksson Sushil Kumar Russ Lowenthal Venkat Maddali Priya Nathan Werner Nowatzky Gayathri Rajagopal Divya Sandeep Lata Shivaprasad Ruediger Steffan Janet Stern Sabine Teuber Publisher Joseph Fernandez Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. This documentation contains proprietary information of Oracle Corporation. It is provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and is also protected by copyright law. Reverse engineering of the software is prohibited. If this documentation is delivered to a U.S. Government Agency of the Department of Defense, then it is delivered with Restricted Rights and the following legend is applicable: Restricted Rights Legend Use, duplication or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions for commercial computer software and shall be deemed to be Restricted Rights software under Federal law, as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of DFARS , Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software (October 1988). This material or any portion of it may not be copied in any form or by any means without the express prior written permission of Oracle Corporation. Any other copying is a violation of copyright law and may result in civil and/or criminal penalties. If this documentation is delivered to a U.S. Government Agency not within the Department of Defense, then it is delivered with Restricted Rights, as defined in FAR , Rights in Data-General, including Alternate III (June 1987). The information in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find any problems in the documentation, please report them in writing to Education Products, Oracle Corporation, 500 Oracle Parkway, Box SB-6, Redwood Shores, CA Oracle Corporation does not warrant that this document is error-free. All references to Oracle and Oracle products are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation. All other products or company names are used for identification purposes only, and may be trademarks of their respective owners. Editors Richard Wallis Atanu Raychaudhuri Graphic Specialist Steve Elwood

3 Contents 1 Oracle Database Administration: Overview Objectives 1-2 Relational Database: Introduction 1-3 Relational Database Terminology 1-4 Relating Multiple Tables 1-6 What Is SQL? 1-7 SQL Statements 1-8 Oracle Instance and Database: Overview 1-9 Using SQL to Access the Database 1-10 Common Tasks of an Oracle Database Administrator 1-11 Tools Used to Administer an Oracle Database 1-12 Working with Oracle Support 1-14 Using MetaLink 1-15 Researching an Issue 1-17 Logging Service Requests 1-19 Summary Installing Oracle Software and Creating the Database Objectives 2-2 Oracle Universal Installer 2-3 Installation Prerequisites 2-4 Installing the Oracle Software 2-5 Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) 2-7 Using the DBCA to Create a Database 2-8 Performing Other Actions with the DBCA 2-10 Using the DBCA to Manage Templates 2-11 Oracle-Provided Templates 2-12 Using the DBUA to Upgrade the Database 2-13 Summary 2-15 Practice 2: Overview Using Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control and SQL*Plus Objectives 3-2 Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control: Overview 3-3 Management Framework 3-4 Starting the Enterprise Manager dbconsole Process 3-5 Accessing Enterprise Manager Database Control 3-7 Enterprise Manager Database Control: Login Page 3-8 Enterprise Manager: Database Home Page 3-9 Enterprise Manager Navigation 3-10 iii

4 Granting Enterprise Manager Administrative Privileges 3-11 Configuring Enterprise Manager Settings and Preferences 3-12 Defining Blackout Time Periods 3-13 Setting Preferred Credentials 3-14 Using SQL*Plus and isql*plus to Access Your Database 3-15 Using SQL*Plus 3-16 Using isql*plus 3-17 MetaLink Integration 3-19 Summary 3-20 Practice 3: Overview Configuring the Oracle Network Environment Objectives 4-2 Network Configuration: Overview 4-3 Tools for Configuring and Managing the Oracle Network 4-5 Enterprise Manager Net Services Administration Page 4-6 Accessing the Net Services Administration Page 4-7 Oracle Net Listener: Configuration and Management 4-8 Managing the Oracle Net Listener by Using Enterprise Manager 4-9 Listener Control Utility 4-11 Connecting to an Oracle Database 4-12 Name Resolution 4-13 Oracle Net: Naming Methods 4-14 Using Enterprise Manager to Configure Local Naming 4-15 Using Net Manager to Configure Local Naming 4-17 Summary 4-19 Practice 4: Overview Managing the Oracle Instance Objectives 5-2 Oracle Instance Management 5-3 Oracle Memory Structures 5-4 Oracle Processes 5-6 Starting the Instance and Opening the Database 5-8 Using Enterprise Manager to Start the Instance 5-9 Starting the Instance by Using Windows Services 5-10 Viewing and Modifying Initialization Parameters 5-11 Managing Memory Components 5-12 Enabling Automatic Shared Memory Management 5-13 Using Manual Shared Memory Management 5-14 iv

5 Viewing the Alert Log 5-15 Summary 5-16 Practice 5: Overview Managing Database Storage Structures Objectives 6-2 Oracle Database Structures 6-3 Exploring the Storage Structure of the Oracle Database 6-4 Control File 6-5 Redo Log Files 6-6 Multiplexing the Redo Log 6-7 Tablespaces and Data Files 6-8 Tablespaces in the Preconfigured Database 6-9 Enlarging the Database 6-11 Creating a New Tablespace 6-12 Modifying a Tablespace 6-14 Dropping a Tablespace 6-16 Reclaiming Space in a Tablespace 6-17 Managing Undo 6-19 Managing Undo Retention 6-21 Sizing the Undo Tablespace 6-22 Using Enterprise Manager to Manage Undo 6-23 Using the Undo Advisor 6-24 Summary 6-26 Practice 6: Overview Administering Users and Security Objectives 7-2 Overview of Users and Security 7-3 Oracle-Defined Users 7-5 Creating Users 7-6 Modifying Users 7-8 Dropping Users 7-9 Locking and Unlocking Accounts 7-10 Setting Password Expiration 7-11 Unlocking a User Account and Resetting the Password 7-12 Administering Privileges and Roles 7-13 Administrative Privileges 7-14 Granting Privileges 7-15 v

6 Viewing Roles 7-16 Creating and Modifying Roles 7-17 Granting and Revoking Roles 7-18 Summary 7-19 Practice 7: Overview Managing Schema Objects Objectives 8-2 What Is a Schema? 8-3 Schemas 8-4 Accessing Schema Objects 8-6 Specifying Data Types in Tables 8-7 Creating and Modifying Tables 8-8 Understanding Data Integrity 8-10 Defining Constraints 8-12 Viewing the Attributes of a Table 8-13 Viewing the Contents of a Table 8-14 Dropping a Table 8-15 Managing Indexes 8-16 Creating and Dropping Indexes 8-17 Managing Views 8-18 Managing Database-Resident Program Units 8-19 Using Enterprise Manager to Manage Database-Resident Program Units 8-20 Managing Access to Schema Objects 8-21 Loading Data 8-22 Summary 8-24 Practice 8: Overview Performing Backup and Recovery Objectives 9-2 Oracle Recovery Features 9-3 Backup, Restore, and Recovery Concepts 9-5 Media Recovery Steps 9-7 Configuring the Database for Backup and Recovery 9-8 Configuring the Flash Recovery Area 9-9 Types of Backups 9-11 Backup File Types 9-12 Configuring Backup Settings: Disk Settings 9-14 Configuring Backup Settings: Policy Settings 9-15 vi

7 Whole Database Backups 9-17 Backing Up the Database 9-18 Oracle-Suggested Backup Strategy 9-20 Using the Oracle-Suggested Strategy 9-22 Managing Your Backups 9-23 Using the Manage Current Backups Page 9-24 Performing Backup Maintenance Tasks 9-25 Restoring and Recovering the Whole Database 9-29 Flashback Table 9-30 Enabling Row Movement on a Table 9-31 Performing Flashback Table 9-32 Recovering Tables by Using Flashback Drop 9-33 Performing Flashback Drop 9-34 Summary 9-35 Practice 9: Overview Monitoring the Database and Using the Advisors Objectives 10-2 Proactive Database Monitoring 10-3 Monitoring General Database State and Workload 10-4 Monitoring Performance 10-5 Using Alerts 10-6 Viewing Metrics and Thresholds 10-7 Setting Metric Thresholds 10-8 Setting Up Notification Rules 10-9 Diagnosing Performance Problems Viewing Performance Analysis and Responding to Findings Modifying Default ADDM Behavior Using Advisors Available Advisors Manually Invoking the ADDM Using the SQL Tuning Advisor Using the SQL Access Advisor Using the Memory Advisor Summary Practice 10: Overview Appendix A: Practices Appendix B: Practice Solutions vii

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