F loors C H A P T E R 6. Placing a Floor Slab

Transcription

1 C H A P T E R 6 F loors It s going to be hard to convince you that floors are easy when an entire chapter is dedicated to this lone aspect of Autodesk Revit Architecture software. Well, floors are easy. I m devoting an entire chapter to the subject because we need to address a lot of aspects of floors. Placing a floor slab B u i l d i n g a floor by layers Splitting the floor materials P i t c h i n g a floor to a floor drain C r e a t i n g s h a ft openings Placing a Floor Slab A dding a floor to a model is quite simple, but in Revit Architecture, you re truly modeling the floor. That means you can include the structure and the finish when you create your floor. When you cut a section through the floor, you get an almost perfect representation of your floor system and how it relates to adjacent geometry, such as walls. F loors, of course, are more than large slabs of concrete. Therefore, in this chapter, you ll also be introduced to creating materials, and you ll learn how to pitch these materials to floor drains. You ll examine how to create sloped slabs as well. T he first area you ll explore is how to place a slab into your model. It s as simple as it sounds, but you must follow certain steps, which I ll outline

2 2 56 Chap ter 6 Floors next. As you ve learned up to this point, in Revit Architecture you do need to add items the way Revit wants you to add them, or you ll probably generate errors or, worse, inaccuracies in your model. Creating the Slab To begin, open the file you ve been using to follow along. If you didn t complete Chapter 5, Dimensioning and Annotating, go to the book s web page at From there you can browse to Chapter 6 and find the file called NER-06.rvt. N OTE Metric users should not type in mm or other metric abbreviations when entering amounts suggested in the exercises. Revit won t accept such abbreviations. Simply enter the number provided within the parentheses. The objective of the following procedure is to create a floor slab to be placed into the model: 1. In your Project Browser, go to the Level 1 floor plan. 2. Zoom into the west wing. 3. On the Architecture tab, click the Floor button, as shown in Figure 6.1. F I GUR E 6. 1 : The Floor button on the Architecture tab 4. Switch to the Properties dialog. Make sure Floors is the current selection, as shown in Figure 6. 2.

3 Pl acing a Fl oor Sl a b 257 F I GUR E 6. 2 : Changing the focus of the properties 5. A t up p er r ight in the dialog, click the Edit Type button (see Figure 6. 3 ). You re now accessing the Type Properties. This means any change you make here will affect every slab of this type in the entire model. T I P At this point, you should always either create a new floor system or rename the current one. This will avert much confusion down the line when you have a floor called Generic 12 (Generic 300 mm), and it s actually a 6 (150 mm) concrete slab on grade.

4 258 Chap ter 6 Floors F I G U R E 6. 3 : slab type Clicking the Edit Type button to begin creating a new floor 6. Click the Rename button, as shown in Figure Call the floor system 6 Slab on Grade (150 mm Slab on Grade ); see Figure Click OK. 9. Change Function to Exterior, as shown in Figure In the Structure row, click the long Edit button (see Figure 6.5 ).

5 Pl acing a Fl oor Sl a b 259 F I GUR E 6. 4 : Renaming the current floor type. You ll never have a Generic 12 (300 mm) floor in your model, so it s a good idea not to keep this floor type around. F I G URE 6.5 : Clicking the Edit button to access the structure of the floor

6 2 60 Chap ter 6 Floors T he term layer may throw you off a bit. Revit uses layer here to describe a component of the floor. This is not to be confused with an Autodesk AutoCAD layer. You re now in the Edit Assembly dialog box. This is where you can specify a thickness for your slab. You can add layers of materials here as well. In the middle of the Edit Assembly dialog box is a large spreadsheet-type field that is divided into rows and columns. The rows are defined by a structural component and include a boundary above and below the structure. It s the Structure row in which you re interested here. 1. The Structure row is divided into columns. Click in the Material column within the Structure row, as shown in Figure 6.6. F I G U R E 6. 6 : By clicking in the Material cell within the Structure row, you can access the Material Browser. 2. A small [ ] button appears when you click in the Material cell. This button indicates that you ll be given a menu if you click it. Click the [ ] button to open the Material Browser. 3. You can now choose a material from the menu. Scroll down until you arrive at Concrete, Cast-In-Place Gray, and select it. 4. Make sure the Graphics tab is current, as shown in Figure 6.7. You can display two different hatches: a sand hatch will be visible for

7 Pl acing a Fl oor Sl a b 2 61 floor plans, and a concrete hatch will be visible for sections (see Figure 6.7 ). These hatches allow a filling region to designate specific materials graphically. F I GUR E 6. 7 : The Material Browser 5. Make sure Concrete, Cast-In-Place Gray is still selected, and click OK. 6. B ack in the Edit Assembly dialog box, the Thickness column is directly to the right of the Material column. Currently the value in the Structure Row is 1 0 (300 mm). Click into the cell, and change the value to 6 (150 mm). TIP Imperial users, if you just type 6 and press Enter, you ll wind up with a slab 6 0 thick. Be sure to add the inch mark ( ) after the 6. The value needs to read Click OK. 8. Click OK again to get back to the model.

8 2 6 2 Chap ter 6 Floors Now that the slab type has been created, you can place an instance into the model. Notice that the Modify Create Floor Boundary tab is in Sketch Mode. You ll now proceed to sketch the slab in place. Sketching the Slab You ll have to adjust to the way Revit wants you to proceed with the Create Floor Boundary tab; you re basically limited to the choices provided in this menu. Not to fear, you should have plenty of choices, but you ll still need to get a feel for how Revit works. Here s what needs to happen: you must draw the perimeter of the slab into the model. This is basically a slab on grade, so you ll pour the concrete to the inside, finished face of the wall. You won t worry about a control joint between the wall and the slab at this point. Picking Walls T he best way to add a slab is to use the Pick Walls button as much as possible (see Figure 6. 8 ). In doing so, you tell Revit that this edge of the slab needs to move if this wall moves. Pick Walls is the default Draw option. F I GUR E 6. 8 : Picking walls ensures that that edge of your slab will move if the wall moves. Let s start sketching the slab. 1. In the Modify Create Floor Boundary tab, click the Pick Walls button, as shown in Figure 6.8, if it isn t already picked. 2. With the Pick Walls tool running, hover your mouse over the inside face of the wall. 3. After the wall becomes highlighted and you re sure you re on the inside of the wall, pick it (see Figure 6. 9 ).

9 Pl acing a Fl oor Sl a b 263 F I G URE 6.9 : Picking the inside face of the first wall 4. With the inside face of the wall picked, you need to move on to the next wall. Pick the inside face of the north wall. Notice that, as you pick the walls, a magenta sketch line appears on the inside face of the walls. This is another indicator telling you whether you re on the correct side of the wall. The first line has two parallel lines, one on each side. These indicate the slab direction for structural decking. 5. Keep picking the walls, as shown in Figure You need to have a continuous loop no gaps and no overlaps. 6. Apply some basic modify commands as well. To clean the lower-right corner, use the Trim command. For the bottom line where the jog occurs, use the Split Element command. (Make sure the Delete Inner Segment button is selected on the Options bar.)

10 2 64 Chap ter 6 Floors F I G URE 6.10 : Selecting the walls 7. After you ve picked the perimeter of the west wing, click Finish Edit Mode on the Modify Create Floor Boundary tab, as shown in Figure It m ay be a good idea to check out your model in 3D after making floors just to make sure nothing went wrong. (I constantly have to do that.) F I G URE 6.11 : Clicking Finish Edit Mode to finalize the floor sketch

11 Pl acing a Fl oor Sl a b 265 Watch What You Pick! As you pick the walls to place your edge of slab, be careful. If you don t pick the inside face, there is a chance that Revit will try to extend the slab to the core of the wall. Also, make sure the Extend Into Wall core option is unselected. This will help keep the edge of the slab where you intend it to be. If you zoom into the area that you re picking, an alignment line will appear. Make sure this line is where you want it, as shown here: P i c k y, Picky, Picky! I ll keep repeating this, but if you get the error message shown here saying that your lines are overlapping, that means your lines are in fact overlapping. You must have a single, closed loop. Click the Show button to zoom in on the offending area.

12 2 66 Chap ter 6 Floors After you finish the floor, you ll have plenty of opportunity to practice adding floors in this model. You need to add a floor to the corridor as well as the west wing. Follow these steps: 1. Zoom into the corridor, as shown in Figure F I GURE 6.12 : Picking the north walls of the corridor 2. On the Architecture tab, start the Floor command. 3. In the Modify Create Floor Boundary tab, click the Pick Walls button. 4. Uncheck Extend Into Wall. 5. Pick the three north walls of the corridor. Remember to keep the blue line to the inside face (see Figure 6.12 ). 6. Revit may not let you pick the wall to add the east edge of the slab. If you do, the magenta line will go either to the core centerline or to the opposite face of the wall. At this point, click the Pick Lines button on the Modify Create Floor Boundary tab, as shown in Figure 6.13.

13 Pl acing a Fl oor Sl a b 2 67 F I G U R E : Sometimes you ll need to click the Pick Lines button to select the edge of the slab. If you have to resort to this, however, the slab edge won t move if the wall does. U s i n g Flip Arrows I f you accidentally pick the wrong place in the wall, that s OK. Flip arrows appear as you place lines. Realize that a previous line is wrong? Press Esc, and then select the magenta line a flip arrow will appear. Pick the flip arrow, and the magenta line will flip back to the correct face of the wall, as shown here. Also, if other sketch lines are on the wrong face, this one flip will take care of any connected sketch lines. 7. Pick the face of the east wall, as shown in Figure 6.14.

14 2 68 Chap ter 6 Floors F I GUR E : Picking the face of the east wall. The line will run past the corridor. That s OK; you ll trim it in a moment. 8. On the Draw panel, click the Pick Walls button. W hen you pick the west wall of the corridor, you may find that Revit won t let you pick the opposite face of the wall. Simply click the inside face of the wall, and then move the magenta line to the opposite face of the wall by dragging it. 9. Pick the south corridor walls. (Remember to keep the magenta line to the inside of the corridor.) 10. Pick the west wall of the corridor. This time you want to be sure the magenta line is to the left of the wall. This will ensure that the two slabs meet. If not, you may need to move the line manually (see Figure 6.15 ). F I G U R E : Adding the slab edge to the left side of the west corridor wall

15 Pl acing a Fl oor Sl a b Now that you understand the process of adding sketch lines to the model, you can start to look into how to clean up the sketch so you can finish. Using Trim to Clean Up the Sketch With the lines placed, you need to make sure you don t have any gaps or overlaps. And you do. To fix these gaps and overlaps, you ll use the basic modify commands from Chapter 5. The east wall has a giant gap at the bottom and an overlap at the top. The command you need to use here is Trim. 1. Pick the Trim/Extend To Corner button from the Modify panel, as shown at the top of Figure Then click the portions of the two lines you want to keep. This removes the excess from the corner. F I GURE 6.16 : Pick the magenta lines in the numbered order illustrated in the figure. 2. With the corners successfully trimmed, click Finish Edit Mode.

16 2 7 0 Chap ter 6 Floors W hile you create the fl o o rb o u n d a r y, you can access the basic editing commands such as Trim, Split Element, and Offset that work for sketching. When Revit allows you to finish the sketch, your west wing and corridor should have a continuous slab underneath them, as shown in Figure F I GURE 6.17 : The two slabs under the west wing and the corridor TIP I hope you don t get an error stating that lines are overlapping. If you do, keep going with the Trim/Extend To Corner command. You may need to investigate each corner. You may also want to consider whether you ve accidentally placed double lines along a wall. This can be easy to do when you re picking walls. It s time to add a slab under the east wing. Go ahead and try it on your own. Look at these directions only if you get lost: 1. Zoom in on the east wing. 2. On the Architecture tab, click the Floor button. 3. In the Modify Create Floor Boundary tab, click the Pick Walls button. 4. Pick the exterior walls of the east wing. 5. Trim any gaps or overlaps that occur in the corners, as shown in Figure Also, pay special attention to the radial entry; it can be tricky.

17 Building a Fl oor b y Layers 271 F I G URE 6.18 : Adding a slab to the east wing 6. Click Finish Edit Mode. Now that you have a nice slab on the first floor, you need to add some more slabs to the rest of the levels. The trick with the slabs on upper levels is that they must extend into the core of the walls. This is where Revit can get sticky. Follow along with the next section, and let s work out this issue together. Building a Floor by Layers As mentioned in the previous section, the term layer doesn t equate to an AutoCAD layer. It does, however, equate to layers of materials used to design a floor system. When you create a floor system in Revit Architecture, you should do it with the mind-set of how a floor is actually constructed. You can also specify which material in the floor will stop at an exterior wall and which will pass through to the core. In this section, you ll build on your experience of creating a floor. With the concrete slab in place, you ll start adding materials to create a floor finish.

18 272 Chap ter 6 Floors A dding Materials Your objective is to create a floor system with a structure and a finish material. You ll also design the floor to interrupt the exterior framing, while letting the brick façade pass from grade to parapet. Let s get started. 1. In the Project Browser, go to the Level 2 floor plan. (Remember not to go to the Level 2 ceiling plan.) 2. In the View Control bar (located at the bottom of the view window), be sure the detail level is set to Fine. 3. On the Architecture tab, click the Floor button. 4. In the Properties dialog box, click the Edit Type button. 5. Click the Duplicate button. 6. Call the new floor 6 concrete with 1 Terrazzo (see Figure 6.19 ). For metric users, it s 150 mm concrete with 25 mm Terrazzo. F I G U R E : Duplicating the existing floor 7. Click OK.

19 Building a Fl oor b y Layers In the Structure row, click the Edit button, as shown in Figure F I GURE 6.20 : Clicking the Edit button in the Structure row You re now in the Edit Assembly dialog box, as you were in the previous procedure. The objective is to add 1 (25 mm) Terrazzo flooring to the top of the 6 (150 mm) concrete. A dding a Layer To add the additional material, you must understand how the Edit Assembly dialog box is broken down. Because you want to add a material to the top of the slab, you need to click above the concrete and insert a new layer, as follows: 1. In the Layers field are three rows. Each row has a corresponding number. Click the number 1. This is the top row that reads Core Boundary Layers Above Wrap (see Figure 6.21 ). 2. Under the Layers field, click the Insert button, as shown in Figure The new layer is added. The field is now divided into columns. The first column is Function, which is currently set to Structure. This cell is a drop box containing the other available functions. Click the drop-box arrow, and select Finish 1 [4] (see Figure ).

20 2 74 Chap ter 6 Floors F I G U R E : Inserting a new layer for the Terrazzo F I G URE 6.22 : Choosing a layer function 4. Click in the Material cell for the new Layer Click the [ ] button.

21 Building a Fl oor b y Layers In the Material Browser, type terrazzo, as shown in Figure Your Terrazzo material appears. When it does, select it, and click OK. F I G U R E : Selecting a material and adding it to the project 7. Scroll down, and double-click Terrazzo (see Figure ). 8. Find the Terrazzo material in the top portion, select it, and click OK. 9. Click OK. 10. In the Thickness column, enter 1 ( 25 mm). Imperial users, make sure you re typing 1 inch and not 1 foot (see Figure ). 11. At the far right in the rows in the Layers field are Variable check boxes. Select Variable for the Structure row, as shown in Figure This will enable you to slope the top of the slab if need be. Only the layer that is set to be variable will actually slope. Any layer that is on top of this variable layer will be pitched.

22 276 Chap ter 6 Floors F I G U R E : The completed layers for the floor system F I G URE 6.25 : You can see a preview of the floor section as it s being built.

23 Building a Fl oor b y Layers At the bottom of the Edit Assembly dialog box, click the Preview button. A graphic preview of your floor appears in a sectional view (see Figure ). 13. Click OK twice to get back to t he mo del. Great job you now have a floor with a finish material on it! Now you can place your new floor into the model. Remember that you re on the second floor. When you place the slab, you want it to extend directly into the wall core. To do so, follow these steps: 1. Click the Pick Walls button on the Draw panel. You ll pick every exterior wall in the east wing except the radial wall. 2. Start picking walls, as shown in Figure Do not pick the radial wall at the east entry. F I GURE 6.26 : Picking the core centerline of the exterior walls, except the radial east wall 3. On the Draw panel, click the Line button. 4. Draw a line from the endpoint of the magenta line at the north wall of the east entry (see 1 in Figure ) to the endpoint of the magenta line in the south wall (see 2 in Figure ).

24 2 7 8 Chap ter 6 Floors F I GURE 6.27 : Sketching a line for the east portion of the entry slab 5. On the Modify Create Floor Boundary tab, click Finish Edit Mode. 6. Revit begins asking you questions. First it asks whether you want to attach the walls that go up to Level 2 to the bottom of the floor. You do want to do this; this cuts the interior walls down to meet the bottom of the floor. Any change in the floor s thickness will alter the tops of the wall. Click Yes, as shown in Figure F I G URE 6.28 : Click Yes to attach the walls to the floor s bottom. 7. The next message pertains to the exterior walls. Revit asks whether you would like to cut the section out of the walls where the slab is intersecting. In this case, you do, so click Yes in the message box, as shown in Figure

25 Building a Fl oor b y Layers F I G U R E : exterior walls. Click Yes if you want to cut overlapping volumes out of the N O TE As these messages come up, Revit usually does a good job of highlighting the relevant items in the model. Get into the habit of looking past the messages to see what items in the model are being highlighted. With the second floor in place, you can now add it to the floors above. To do so, you can use the Copy/Paste Aligned feature you used in Chapter 3, Creating Views. Try to do this on your own. If you don t remember how or if you skipped Chapter 3, follow these steps: 1. Select the floor in Level 2 if it isn t still selected. (It s easiest to select the floor at the east edge.) 2. On the Modify Floors tab, click the Copy To Clipboard button on the Clipboard panel, as shown in Figure A good indication that you ve successfully copied the floor to the Clipboard is that the Paste icon directly to the right of the Copy icon becomes activated. F I G U R E : Clicking the Copy To Clipboard button 3. Go to the default 3D view, as shown in Figure From the Paste flyout on the Clipboard panel of the Modify tab, click Aligned To Selected Levels, as shown in Figure

26 280 Chap ter 6 Floors F I G URE 6.31 : The walls on the floors above F I G U R E : Selecting the levels where you want the slab to be copied

27 Building a Fl oor b y Layers The Select Levels dialog box appears, where you ll choose the levels to which you want to paste your floor. Choose Levels 3, 4, and 5 (see Figure 6.32 ; use Ctrl to select more than one level). 6. Click OK. The floors are pasted to the specified levels, as shown in Figure N o t e t h a t i f Selected Levels isn t available, Selected Views will be. This is because you selected an annotation such as a window tag or a door tag. You can pick Selected Views to achieve the same results. F I G U R E : The completed floor placement Notice that the fifth-level floor isn t joined to any of the walls. This is because when you pasted the floor to this level, Revit didn t prompt you to cut the overlapping geometry from the exterior walls. To fix this, follow these steps: 1. After the floors have been pasted, select the fifth-level floor, as shown in Figure On the Modify Floors tab, click the Edit Boundary button.

28 282 Chap ter 6 Floors F I G U R E : The fifth floor is now cutting the walls. 3. On the Mode panel of the Modify Floors Edit Boundary tab, click Finish Edit Mode. 4. Click Yes to attach the walls that go up to this floor s bottom. 5. Click Yes to cut the overlapping volume out of the walls. Figure 6.34 shows that the walls are now being cut by the slab. 6. Repeat steps 1 through 5 for floors 4 and S ave t he mo del. Not too bad. You have a full building with floors placed. Now you ll drill into these floors (literally) and see how you can make them perform to your specifications. Your next task is to create different floor materials for a few specific areas such as the restrooms. You ll then pitch the restroom floors to floor drains.

29 Spl itting th e Fl oor Materials 283 Splitting the Floor Materials If you have a floor that includes a slab and you have a single material of, say, vinyl composition tile (VCT) for the entire surface, won t that cause a problem in the restrooms? Better yet, suppose the floor is carpeted. Carpet never seems to perform well around a toilet! Adding an Alternate Material The goal of this procedure is to create a new material layer for the first-floor slab and then specify a new material for the restrooms. Follow these steps: 1. In the Project Browser, go to the Level 1 floor plan and then zoom into an area of the east wing similar to the area shown in Figu re F I G U R E : filter the floor. To select the slab, you ll find it easier to pick an entire area and

30 2 84 Chap ter 6 Floors 2. Drag a right-to-left selection window around the corner of the building, as shown in Figure On the Modify Multi-Select tab, click the Filter button (see Figure ). 4. In the Filter dialog box, click the Check None button, as shown in Figure F I G URE 6.36 : Deselect all the elements, and then select Floors. 5. Select the Floors option (se e F igure ), and click OK. 6. With the floor selected, click Edit Type in the Properties dialog box. 7. Click Rename. 8. Call the floor 6 Slab on Grade with 1 Finish (150 mm Slab on Grade with 25 mm Finish ). 9. Click OK. 10. Click the Edit button in the Structure row, as shown in Figure In the Edit Assembly dialog box, click the 1 button to the left of the Core Boundary item that is above the Structure layer, as shown in Figure Click the Insert button (see Figure ). 13. Select Finish 1 [4] from the Function drop-down list. 14. Click in the Material cell. 15. Click the [ ] button.

31 Spl itting th e Fl oor Materials 285 F I G U R E : Editing the structure of the slab F I G URE 6.38 : Adding a new layer 16. Search for Carpet (1), and click OK. 17. Give the material a thickness of 1 (25 mm). 18. In the Structure [1] row, select the Variable check box, as shown in Figure F I G URE 6.39 : Adding the new material

32 2 86 Chap ter 6 Floors 19. Click OK twice. 20. P re s s Esc. No w t h at you have experience adding a new material layer to the floor (you ve done it twice in this chapter), you can specify a different material for the various rooms. Splitting and Painting Adding a new material to a floor is a two-part procedure. To specify an alternate material in an area, you must first split the floor s face. Then you can add (or paint) the desired material to that area. The objective of the next two procedures is to add an alternate material to the restrooms. Follow these steps: 1. Zoom in on the lavatory north of the corridor. 2. On the Geometry panel of the Modify tab, click the Split Face button, as shown in Figure F I GUR E : Modify tab. The Split Face button is located on the Geometry panel of the 3. Move your cursor into the lavatory area, as shown in Figure Notice the little cube at your cursor. Hover the cursor over the wall shown in Figure You should get a tooltip telling you that you re directly over the floor. When you see this indication, pick the floor. 5. After you select the floor, you need to draw three lines around the inside face of the lavatory walls. To do so, on the Draw panel of the Modify Split Face Create Boundary tab, make sure the Line button is selected.

33 Spl itting th e Fl oor Materials 287 F I G U R E : Finding the edge of the floor 6. D r aw t he three lines shown in Figure (you may have to trim and extend the lines). F I G URE 6.42 : Placing the three split lines around the perimeter of the lavatory

34 288 Chap ter 6 Floors WARNING Because the line you re splitting is up against the edge of the slab, the actual floor s edge serves as one of the split lines. When you re adding the three additional lines, you must be snapped to the edge of the floor. There can be no overlaps or gaps. 7. On the Modify Split Face Create Boundary tab, click Finish Edit Mode. The lavatory area should now be split. A lthough it appears as if nothing happened, you just can t see it. The next series of steps will change the material of the region. At this point, it will become obvious that there is a different material. Save Your Model! Crashing has been a way of life since we got off the drafting boards and booted the first CAD station. Although the Revit material catalog is now more robust, it isn t the most stable addition to Revit. Do yourself a favor and save your model before you click that Paint button. T he floor is split, and it s time to add the new material to this room. This procedure is almost like adding a hatch to an area in AutoCAD. Here are the steps: 1. On the Geometry panel of the Modify Split Face tab, click the Paint button, as shown in Figure F I G URE 6.43 : The Paint button on the Geometry panel 2. From the material list, select Tile, Mosaic, Gray from the menu, as shown in Figure

35 Spl itting th e Fl oor Materials 289 F I G U R E : Finding the correct material 3. W it h the Material Browser still on the screen, move your cursor over the region you just created. Notice the Paint icon next to your cursor, as shown in Figu re T he tooltip identifies the face region. T I P If you don t see the Paint icon next to the cursor when you hover over the region as shown, simply click a point anywhere on the screen, and the icon will appear. You can then proceed to paint the floor. 4. When you see the perimeter of the small region you created around the inside of the lavatory, pick a spot. The area fills with the new material (see Figure 6.46 ). Click Done to close the Material Browser.

36 290 Chap ter 6 Floors F I G U R E : Filling the region with the new material F I G URE 6.46 : The completed lavatory

37 Pitch ing a Fl oor to a Fl oor Drain Do the same thing to the lavatory south of the corridor. If you get stuck, go back through the steps. 6. Save your model. Ne x t you ll create a pitched floor situation. In some cases, this is an easy procedure. In others, it isn t. Pitching a Floor to a Floor Drain Sure, it s the responsibility of the plumbing engineer to specify what floor drains to use, but it s generally the responsibility of the architect to specify where they d like the floor drain. That being said, let s move on to creating a pitched floor area in the restrooms. Because you have five floors with which to work, let s go up to the second floor and start pitching some slabs! T he objective of this procedure is to add points in the surface of the slab in order to pitch to a drain: 1. In the Project Browser, double-click the Level 2 floor plan. (Make sure you aren t in the Level 2 ceiling plan.) 2. Zoom in on the lavatory areas, as shown in Figure F I G U R E : Drawing a split frame around the inside of the lavatory

38 292 Chap ter 6 Floors 3. Select the floor. 4. The Modify Floors tab shows several choices. In the Shape Editing panel, click the Add Split Line button (see Figure ). 5. On the Options bar, click the Chain button. 6. Draw lines along the finished inside face of the lavatory (see Figure ). A s a l ways, there can be no gaps or overlaps. N OTE Yes, it s true that the snapping feature is tedious at best when you re using the Split Line command. Be patient. You ll basically need to get as close to the face of the wall as possible before you pick the point. This is one case where you ll need to eyeball the exact pick points. With the split lines drawn, you ve isolated the lavatory area from the rest of the floor. Now you can pitch the floor in this area without affecting the rest of the floor. The pitch will extend only as far as the split lines. To create a drop in the floor, follow these steps: 1. On the Architecture tab, click the Model Lines button (see Figure ). F I GUR E : slope Drawing a line to establish the point to where the floor will

39 Pitch ing a Fl oor to a Fl oor Drain Draw a line from the midpoint of the restroom s right wall to the left 3 0 (900 mm), as shown in Figure Press Esc twice. 4. Select the floor. (Remember the Filter dialog box.) 5. On the Modify Floors tab, click the Add Point button, as shown in Figure F I G URE 6.49 : Picking the endpoint of the line 6. Pick the endpoint of the line you just drew (see Figure ). 7. Press Esc once. This puts you in Modify Sub Elements Mode. You ll know you re in this mode by the icon next to your pointer, as shown in Figure Pick the point you just placed into the model. The point turns red, and a blue elevation appears. As you know, any blue item is modifiable. Click the 0 0 (0 mm) value, and change it to -1 (-25 mm) Imperial users, negative 1 inch.

40 2 94 Chap ter 6 Floors F I G U R E : surface of the floor Dropping the elevation of the drain down 1 (25 mm) from the 9. Press Enter. Revit drops that area of the floor and adds the slope lines as if you drafted them in. 10. Press Esc twice. 11. Delete the line you drew as a guideline. 12. Save the model. See Figure : does your floor look like this? If not, go back and see where you went wrong. 13. Repeat the steps to add a pitch to the lavatory south of the corridor. 14. Save the model (see Figure ).

41 Pitch ing a Fl oor to a Fl oor Drain 295 F I G U R E : The final slab in the restroom F I G URE 6.52 : Both lavatories are pitched and ready to have fixtures added.

42 2 96 Chap ter 6 Floors No w t hat you have experience in creating and placing floors, as well as pitching a floor in a specific area, let s look at one more item: shaft openings. C a n I Erase This and Start Over? Often, you may need to clear shape edits of the entire slab and start over. You can do this by selecting the floor and clicking the Reset Shape button on the Options bar, as shown here: Creating Shaft Openings To create a shaft opening, you just create a void through your model. This void, however, can conform to walls that are set in the model. The elevator shaft walls, for instance, will define the outside edge of your shaft opening. You may notice that the floors you added to the model are indiscriminately running uninterrupted, straight through the shafts. You need to void the floor. Also, the good thing about creating a shaft opening is that if you create another floor, the shaft will be cut out automatically. First, you need to create two more levels. You need a subterranean level (T.O. Footing) and a penthouse level, through which you ll extend the elevator shaft. Follow these steps: 1. In the Project Browser, go to the South elevation. 2. On the Datum panel of the Architecture tab, click the Level button. 3. On the Draw panel, click the Pick Lines button, and set an offset of 10 0 (3000 mm), as shown in Figure

43 Creating Shaft Opening s 297 F I G U R E : Adding a new Top of Footing level 4. Hover your cursor over Level 1. Make sure the alignment line is below Level 1. When you see the alignment line, pick Level 1. You now have a new level at (-3000 mm). 5. Click the Modify button on the Select panel to terminate the command. 6. Pick the level that is set to (-3000 mm), and rename it T.O. Footing (se e F igure ). 7. Click Yes when Revit prompts you to rename corresponding views. The next step is to select the CMU elevator shaft walls and modify their properties so the bottoms are extended down to the top of the footing. 1. Go to a 3D view. 2. S elect all of the east entry elevator CMU walls. Remember to press and hold the Ctrl key as you select the walls. 3. In the Properties dialog box, in the Constraints category, set Base Constraint to T.O. Footing, as sho w n in F igure To select all of the CMU walls, you can select one, right-click, and then click Select All Instances In Entire Project. Be careful, though; if there are other objects of the same type in the model, they will become selected as well.

44 298 Chap ter 6 Floors F I G URE 6.54 : In the Properties dialog box, change Base Constraint to T.O. Footing. 4. Click Apply. W it h the bottom established at the correct level, it s time to add the shaft. 1. Go to the Level 1 floor plan. (Note that it doesn t matter which floor you re in when you place a shaft opening.) 2. On the Architecture tab, click the Shaft button in the Opening panel, as shown in Figure F I G URE 6.55 : Clicking the Shaft button on the Architecture tab 3. On the Modify Create Shaft Opening Sketch tab, click Pick Walls, as shown in Figure Pick the walls shown in Figure Notice that you can have more than one shaft opening in the same command.

45 Creating Shaft Opening s 299 F I G U R E : Adding the magenta lines to form the shaft opening to the outside of the CMU walls 5. Use the Line button on the Draw panel to draw the line across the inside face of the exterior wall. 6. Use the Trim command to clean up any corners (see Figure ). 7. Mirror the lines you just drew up to the other shaft. With the perimeter established, it s time to choose which floors this opening will extend to. Just because you picked the CMU walls, this doesn t mean a base and a top height have been established. Follow these steps: 1. In the Properties dialog box, make sure Shaft Openings is selected, as shown in Figure In the Properties dialog, set Base Constraint to T.O. Footing. 3. Set Top Constraint to Up To Level: Roof. 4. Set Top Offset to -1 0 ( -300 mm); this keeps the roof from having two giant square holes in it. 5. Click Apply. Figure 6.57 shows the settings.

46 300 Chap ter 6 Floors F I G U R E : Setting the properties of the shaft opening 6. On the Modify Create Shaft Opening Sketch tab, click the Symbolic Line button. This will allow you to sketch an opening graphic into the shaft. 7. Draw an X in both openings, as shown in Figure Click Finish Edit Mode. T he floor is now voided from the openings. Go to a 3D view, and look down the shafts. They re wide open, as shown in Figure T he symbolic lines you drew will appear in the floor plans only. NOTE A shaft opening voids only floors and roofs. Any other geometry, such as walls and structural framing, isn t voided. You need to modify these elements on a pieceby-piece basis.

47 Creating Shaft Opening s 301 F I G URE 6.58 : You can add any drafting symbolic lines you deem necessary. F I G URE 6.59 : The completed shafts as seen in 3D

48 302 Ch a p ter 6 Fl oors Now that you know how to pitch floors, you can begin using Revit for its unique capabilities. Also, you re better prepared to move on to the next chapter, which focuses on creating roofs. Are You Experienced? Now you can add a floor to your model by using the building s footprint as a guide and by picking the walls and drawing lines add additional floors to higher levels by using the Copy/Paste Aligned method of quickly repeating the geometry up through the building add a specific, alternate material to different parts of the floor by using the Split Face command in conjunction with the paint materials function split a floor into segments and add additional points to set a negative elevation for pitching to floor drains create a shaft opening that will cut out any new floor slab use symbolic lines within a shaft opening to indicate the opening