2. In general, dilations do not preserve distance so they are not rigid transformations. Dilations cause the size of the shape to change.
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1 6.1 Dilations 1. To perform a dilation, draw rays starting at the center of dilation through each point. Move each point along the ray according to the scale factor. 2. In general, dilations do not preserve distance so they are not rigid transformations. Dilations cause the size of the shape to change. 3. True 4. The image is larger than the original shape. The distance from the center point to each point has been increased by a factor of Larger 6. Smaller AB = 17 and A B = 68 = The slope of each segment is 1, so the line segments are parallel It does not move. CK-12 Geometry Honors Concepts 1
2 AB = 80 = 4 5 and A B = The slope of each segment is 1, so the line segments are parallel vary. Possible answer: CK-12 Geometry Honors Concepts 2
3 15. vary. Possible answer: 16. The two images are congruent, but in different locations. CK-12 Geometry Honors Concepts 3
4 6.2 Definition of Similarity 1. No. They will only be congruent if the scale factor is Yes. Their corresponding angles will be congruent and their corresponding sides will be proportional with a scale factor of True. Corresponding sides are proportional when triangles are similar. 4. False. AC EF DF BC example, AC DF = BC EF.. This would be correct if one of the fractions was changed to its reciprocal. For 5. True. Corresponding angles are congruent. 6. ΔABC~ΔDEF. Reflect ΔABC across BC. Then dilate the image about point D by a scale factor of The triangles are not similar because the sides are not proportional. AC = 8 BC = 2 while = 5 = 5. DF 4 EF 5 8. ΔABC~ΔFED. The corresponding angles are congruent and the corresponding sides are proportional with a scale factor of ΔABC~ΔEDC. Rotate ΔABC 180 around point C. Dilate about point C with a scale factor of m F = CB = DE = GF = JF = ED = m J = ) Check to see if a similarity transformation would carry one triangle to the other. 2) Check to see if all corresponding angles are congruent and all corresponding sides are proportional. CK-12 Geometry Honors Concepts 4
5 6.3 AA Triangle Similarity 1. AA stands for Angle Angle and it refers to the fact that two triangles are similar if two pairs of corresponding angles are congruent. 2. vary. Triangles should have two pairs of congruent angles. 3. ΔACB~ΔDCF due to the fact that A D and ACB DCF (vertical angles). 4. ΔABC~ΔDBE due to the fact that B B and BED BCA. 5. ΔAEB~ΔCED. Because each triangle is isosceles, its base angles are congruent. Because AEB CED (vertical angles), all four base angles must be congruent. 6. ΔABC~ΔFDE. Note that m B = 30 because the sum of the measures of the interior angles of a triangle is 180. Therefore, there are two pairs of congruent angles. 7. Not enough information. You only have one pair of angles and one pair of sides congruent. 8. Not enough information. You only have one pair of angles congruent. 9. ΔABC ΔFDE by ASA. Note that m E = ΔABC~ΔDEF. Note that m A = ΔAEB~ΔDEC. Parallel lines create congruent alternate interior angles so BAE CDE and ABE DCE. 12. ΔABC~ΔDBE. Parallel lines create congruent corresponding angles so BED BCA and BDE BAC. 13. ΔDBF~ΔDCE. Parallel lines create congruent alternate interior angles so CDB CBF and CDB ECD. This means CBF ECD and gives you two pairs of congruent angles. 14. No, for other shapes you would need more information than just two pairs of angles. 15. Possible answer: You can always dilate the smaller triangle using the ratio between the two given triangles to create a new triangle that is congruent to the original larger triangle by ASA. This means that there will always exist a similarity transformation between the two triangles. CK-12 Geometry Honors Concepts 5
6 6.4 SAS Triangle Similarity 1. SAS stands for side angle side. If two pairs of sides of two triangles are proportional and their included angles are congruent then the triangles are similar. 2. SSA stands for side side angle. This is not a criterion for triangle similarity. 3. vary. 4. vary. 5. ΔAEB~ΔDEC by AA~. Not enough information to use SAS~. 6. Not enough information to know if they are similar. Marked sides and angles are not corresponding. 7. ΔABC~ΔEBD by SAS~. 8. ΔAEB~ΔCED by SAS~. 9. ΔABC~ΔEFD by SAS~. 10. ΔAEB ΔDEC by SAS. 11. You would need to know that AC ED = You would need to know that DE AE = You would need to know that EB = Yes, but they are more than enough information. With AAS or ASA you know two pairs of angles are congruent. This is enough information to show that two triangles are similar by AA~. Therefore, the additional information about the sides would be extra and not necessary. 15. Dilate ΔDEF by a scale factor of AC FD CB (= ). Then, show that the resulting triangle is congruent to DE ΔCBA by SAS. Therefore, a similarity transformation exists between ΔDEF and ΔCBA so the triangles are similar. CK-12 Geometry Honors Concepts 6
7 6.5 SSS Triangle Similarity 1. SSS stands for Side Side Side. If three pairs of sides of two triangles are proportional then the triangles are similar. 2. vary. 3. Neither 4. ΔABC ΔDEF by SSS 5. ΔDEF~ΔABC by SSS~ 6. Not enough information 7. ΔABC~ΔDEF by SSS~ 8. Equilateral triangles are always similar. 9. The ratio of the perimeters is the same as the ratio of the corresponding sides , 20, and , 12, CB = c 2 b 2 and EF = (kc) 2 (kb) 2 = k 2 (c 2 b 2 ) = k c 2 b DF = kc AB c DE = k. = kb AC b EF = k. = k c2 b 2 = k. Because three pairs of sides are proportional, the CB c 2 b 2 triangles are similar by SSS~. This means in general if you have two right triangles and a pair of legs and the hypotenuses are proportional, the triangles are similar. 15. Dilate ΔDEF by a factor of k. The side lengths of ΔD E F will be ka, kb, and kc. ΔD E F ΔACB by SSS. Therefore, a similarity transformation must exist between ΔDEF and ΔACB, so ΔDEF~ΔACB. CK-12 Geometry Honors Concepts 7
8 6.6 Theorems Involving Similarity 1. x = x = 6 3. x = x = x x = x = x = 2 9. z = y = b a = d c b a + 1 = d c + 1 b a + a a = d c + c c b+a a = d+c c 12. ΔYST~ΔYXZ by SAS~ because two pairs of sides are proportional as shown in #11 and their included angles are shared and thus congruent. 13. Because ΔYST~ΔYXZ, corresponding angles are similar. This means YST YXZ. Because corresponding angles are congruent, lines must be parallel. Therefore, ST. XZ 14. Consider the picture from #11 with b = a and d = c. Then, YS = a = 1 YT and = c = 1. Two pairs YX 2a 2 YZ 2c 2 of sides are proportional, and it follows that ST XZ as shown in #12 and # Look at Guided Practice #1-#3 for help. CK-12 Geometry Honors Concepts 8
9 6.7 Applications of Similar Triangles 1. They have two pairs of congruent angles so they are similar by AA~. 2. 1: 3: 2 3. The missing sides are 6 and The missing sides are 8 3 and The missing sides are 8 16 and They have two pairs of congruent angles so they are similar by AA~. 7. 1: 1: 2 8. The missing sides are both length The missing sides are 7 and The missing sides are both Due to parallel lines, CBA DFA and CAB DEB. The triangles are similar by AA~. 12. The scale factor is 2. x = m ADB = 45. ΔADB is an isosceles right triangle. 14. BD = AB = AC 2 = AC = 34. CK-12 Geometry Honors Concepts 9
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