Advanced Algorithms for Location-Based Smart Mobile Augmented Reality Applications

Transcription

1 Avalable onlne at Poceda Compute Scence 00 (2016) The 13th Intenatonal Confeence on Moble Systems and Pevasve Computng (MobSPC 2016) Advanced Algothms fo Locaton-Based Smat Moble Augmented Realty Applcatons Rüdge Pyss a,, Phlp Gege a, Mac Schckle a, Johannes Schobel a, Manfed Rechet a a Ulm Unvesty, Insttute of Databases and Infomaton Systems, James-Fanck-Rng, Ulm, 89081, Gemany Abstact Dung the last yeas, the computatonal capabltes of smat moble devces have been contnuously mpoved by hadwae vendos, asng new oppotuntes fo moble applcaton engnees. Moble augmented ealty s one scenao demonstatng that smat moble applcatons ae becomng nceasngly matue. In the ARA (Augmented Realty ngne Applcaton) poject, we developed a kenel that enables such locaton-based moble augmented ealty applcatons. On top of the kenel, moble applcaton developes can easly ealze the ndvdual applcatons. The kenel, n tun, focuses on obustness and hgh pefomance. In addton, t povdes a flexble achtectue that fostes the development of ndvdual locaton-based moble augmented ealty applcatons. In the fst stage of the poject, the LocatonVew concept was developed as the coe fo ealzng the kenel algothms. Ths LocatonVew concept has poven ts usefulness n the context of vaous applcatons, unnng on OS, Andod, o Wndows Phone. Due to the futhe evoluton of computatonal capabltes on one hand and emegng demands of locaton-based moble applcatons on the othe, we developed a new kenel concept. In patcula, the new kenel allows fo handlng ponts of nteests (POI) clustes o enables the use of tacks. These changes equed new concepts pesented n ths pape. To demonstate the applcablty of ou kenel, we apply t n the context of vaous moble applcatons. As a esult, moble augmented ealty applcatons could be un on pesent moble opeatng systems and be effectvely ealzed by engnees utlzng ou appoach. We egad such applcatons as a good example fo usng moble computatonal capabltes effcently n ode to suppot moble uses n eveyday lfe moe popely. c 2016 The Authos. Publshed by lseve B.V. Pee-evew unde esponsblty of the Confeence Pogam Chas. Keywods: Moble Augmented Realty; Locaton-based Algothms; Moble Applcaton ngneeng; Augmented Realty 1. Intoducton The polfeaton of smat moble devces on one hand and the computatonal capabltes on the othe have enabled new knds of moble applcatons. So-called mllenals, people bon afte 1980, pose demandng equements wth espect to the use of moble technology n eveyday lfe. Amongst othes, they want to be asssted by moble technology n the lesue tme. Fo example, when walkng aound n Rome wth ts numeous ancent spots, the Coespondng autho. Tel.: ; fax: mal addess: uedge.pyss@un-ulm.de c 2016 The Authos. Publshed by lseve B.V. Pee-evew unde esponsblty of the Confeence Pogam Chas.

2 2 R. Pyss et al. / Poceda Compute Scence 00 (2016) smat moble devce shall povde elated nfomaton about these spots n an ntutve way. In such a scenao, locaton-based moble augmented ealty s useful, e.g., f a use s located n font of the St. Pete s Baslca, holdng hs smat moble devce wth ts camea swtched on towads the Baslca, the camea vew shall povde addtonal nfomaton (e.g., woshp tme). Ou developed ARA kenel suppots these scenaos. Moe pecsely, ARA detects pedefned ponts of nteest (POIs) wthn the camea vew of a smat moble devce, postons them coectly, and povdes addtonal nfomaton on the detected POIs. Ths addtonal nfomaton, n tun, s nteactvely povded to the use. Fo ths pupose, the use touches on the detected POIs and then obtans futhe nfomaton. Thee techncal ssues wee cucal when developng ARA. Fst, POIs must be coectly dsplayed even f the devce s hold oblquely. Dependng on the atttude of the devce, the POIs then may have to be otated wth a cetan angle and moved elatvely to the otaton. Second, the appoach to dsplay POIs coectly must be povded effcently to the use. To be moe pecse, even f multple POIs ae detected, the kenel shall dsplay them wthout any delay. Thd, the POI concept shall be ntegated wth common moble opeatng systems (.e., OS, Andod, and Wndows Phone). To tackle these challenges, the LocatonVew concept was developed. Addtonally, an achtectue was desgned, whch shall enable the quck development of locaton-based moble augmented applcatons on top of the kenel 1,2,3. The ARA poject was stated fou yeas ago. Aleady one yea afte the fst kenel veson had been fnshed, t was ntegated wth vaous moble applcatons. Dung these pojects, thee ssues emeged that ae not popely coveed by the ARA kenel so fa. Fst, the changed chaactestcs of the used moble opeatng systems need to be addessed. Second, the contnuously gowng numbe of POIs must be handled moe effcently. Thd, new featues wee demanded. Table 1 summazes the evoluton of ARA fom ts fst to ts second veson. Table 1. ARA Vesons ARA Veson 1 (ARA) ARA Veson 2 (ARAv2) Andod App OS App Wndows Phone App unde development POI Algothm (all moble OS) LocatonVew Algothm 1,2,3 RendengPpelne Algothm Clusteng Algothm (all moble OS) X ARACluste Algothm POI Coodnate System (all moble OS) GPS GPS, CF, NU, Vtual3D Poston Change Sensos (all moble OS) S ensofuson(compass, Acceleomete) S ensofuson(compass, Gyoscope, Acceleomete) Achtectue (all moble OS) Veson 1 Veson 2 Oveall Senso Management Andod Own appoach Own appoach Oveall Senso Management OS Own appoach Bult n f unctons OS Oveall Senso Management Wndows Phone Own appoach unde development NU=ast-Noth-Up Coodnate System, CF=ath-Centeed ath-fxed Coodnate System, GPS=Global Postonng System The changed chaactestcs of moble opeatng systems as well as pefomance ssues wth many POIs ae addessed by the development of a new kenel and achtectue called ARA Veson 2 (ARAv2) (cf. Table 1, ARAv2). Moeove, ARAv2 povdes thee new featues. The fst one deals wth so-called POI clustes. If a huge numbe of POIs causes many ovelaps on the camea vew, t s dffcult fo uses to pecsely nteact wth sngle POIs nsde such cluste. In ode to pecsely select (.e., do not touch the wong POI as they ae postoned to close to each othe) a sngle POIs nsde a cluste, a new featue was developed. The second featue we developed connects POIs though lnes n ode to vsualze tacks. Fo example, such a tack may be used as the cycle path a use wants to pefom n a cetan aea. The thd featue hghlghts aeas (e.g., football felds). Fom a techncal pespectve, the added featues ae demandng f they shall be suppoted n the same manne on dffeent moble opeatng systems. Ths wok pesents fundamental concepts developed n the context of ARA Veson 2 (ARAv2). Secton 2 pesents the achtectue of ARAv2. In Secton 3, the coodnate system used by ARAv2 s ntoduced, whle Sectons 4 and 5 pesent the algothms fo POI and cluste handlng. Secton 6 llustates the use of ARAv2 n pactcal scenaos. Secton 7 dscusses elated wok and Secton 8 concludes the pape. 2. Achtectue The achtectue used fo ARAv2 s shown n Fg. 1. It enhances the one used n the fst veson of ARA 1,2,3 and compses nne majo components (cf. Fg. 1).

3 R. Pyss et al. / Poceda Compute Scence 00 (2016) Model Pont of nteest Cluste Places API Ponts of nteest (POIs) Coodnate Alttude POI Postonng POI Clusteng Man Contolle Algothm Rendeng Ppelne Algothm Detemne 3D Rotaton Matx Algothm POI Selecton Vews Infomaton POI Cluste POI + Label Categoy Tack & Aea Pocessng Algothm Tack & Aea Handlng Rada Radus Aea POI Cluste Rada Rotaton matx Tack Math Lnea Algeba POI Locaton Convesons Locaton Contolle Algothm CF to NU Conveson Algothm 3D Coodnates Conveson Devce atttude Compass Senso accuacy Tacks & Aeas 3D Calculatons GPS coodnates GPS coodnates Coodnates Convesons Senso Contolle Settngs Gyoscope Devce Sensos Compass Raw senso data Gyoscope Acceleomete Compass GPS Flte Flte Flte Flte Mult-Senso Data Fuson 95 Clusteng Customzed Feld of Vew Landscape Mode Pefomance Mode Acceleomete GPS Vewng Decton Devce Atttude Locaton Fg. 1. ARAv2 Achtectue The Model component manages POIs, POI categoes, POI clustes, POI tacks, and POI aeas. Developes can use ths component to ntegate applcaton-specfc POI categoes and change the vsualzaton of all povded POI featues. The Places API component, n tun, allows dsplayng POIs povded by Google o othe emote APIs. Note that ths component was ntegated fo testng huge numbes of POIs o POI clustes moe easly. As ARAv2 shall also wok wthout any onlne connecton, the used POIs ae locally stoed on the smat moble devce. The local database, howeve, can be synchonzed wth a emote database. Note that the components to stoe POIs locally and synchonze them wth a emote database ae nethe pesented hee no depcted n Fg. 1. Usng ths appoach, developes ae able to test ARAv2 and the ndvdual mplementatons on top of ARAv2 wth huge numbes of POIs even n case the local database s empty. The Math component povdes functons fo the coodnate systems used. Compaed to ARA, ARAv2 uses a new senso fuson appoach that povdes a moe pecse postonng of POIs though the Senso component. Theefoe, fou sensos ae consdeed on all suppoted moble opeatng systems,.e., gyoscope, compass, acceleomete, and GPS (cf. Fg. 1). The Locaton component povdes algothms fo handlng the dffeent coodnate systems. The esults, combned wth the ones of the Senso component, ae used by the Man component. The Man component ealzes algothms that enable the handlng of all POI elated featues. The Vew component, n tun, enables all equed vsualzatons,.e., POIs, POI labels, POI clustes, POI tacks, POI aeas, a POI ada, and a POI adus. The ada can be used to evaluate f POIs that ae cuently not dsplayed can be obtaned by changng the facng of the smat moble devce towads anothe decton. The adus, n tun, can be used to specfy the maxmum dstance a use shall have to the POIs to be dsplayed. By calculatng the dstance between the devce and the POIs based on coodnate calculatons, ARAv2 can detemne the POIs located nsde the chosen adus and hence the POIs to be dsplayed on the sceen. Fnally, the Settngs component ealzes functons that enable uses to adjust selected ARAv2 featues (cf. Fg. 1).

4 R. Pyss et al. / Poceda Compute Scence 00 (2016) Coodnate System Algothms ARAv2 uses a coodnate system that dffes fom the one used n the fst veson. ARA solely woked on GPS coodnates. Moe pecsely, the GPS coodnates of the use wee calculated though the GPS senso of hs smat moble devce, whle the GPS coodnates of the POIs wee obtaned fom the local database. Based on a compason of use and POI coodnates as well as suppotng calculatons (e.g., f the devce s hold oblquely), the POIs could be coectly dsplayed n the camea vew of a moble use. The coe dea of ARAv2 s based on fve aspects whch eque the use of a new coodnate system. Fst, a vtual 3D wold s used to elate the use s poston to the one of the POIs. Second, the use s located at the ogn of ths wold. Thd, nstead of the physcal camea, a vtual 3D camea s used that opeates wth the ceated vtual 3D wold. The vtual camea s theefoe placed at the ogn of ths wold. Fouth, the dffeent senso chaactectcs of the suppoted moble opeatng systems must be popely coveed to enable the vtual 3D wold. On OS, senso data of the gyoscope and the acceleomete ae used, wheeas on Andod senso data of the gyoscope, the acceleomete and the compass of the moble devce ae used to poston the vtual 3D camea coectly. Due to lack of space, the dffeent concepts to ntegate senso data n the same way on all moble opeatng systems by ARAv2, cannot be pesented n detal. Ffth, the physcal camea of the moble devce s adjusted to the vtual 3D camea based on the assessment of senso data. In ode to ealze the pesented coe dea of ARAv2, a complex coodnate system, consstng of thee dffeent sub-systems, s equed. The fst sub-system uses GPS, CF (ath-centeed, ath-fxed), and NU (ast, Noth, Up) coodnates.1 The second sub-system, n tun, uses a vtual 3D space wth the use located at the ogn. Fnally, the thd one uses a vtual 3D camea, wth the camea beng agan located at the ogn of the 3D wold. Note that the fst sub-system (ncludng GPS, CF, and NU coodnates) s a majo peequste (cf. Fg. 2) fo tansfomng senso data of the smat moble devce to data that can be used fo the vtual 3D wold. P meme d a n X No t h +Pont:X,Y,Z P OI X P meme d a n P OI Up a s t ϕ 0, 0, 0 λ q u a t o Us e C F NU Fg. 2. CF and NU Coodnate Systems As llustated n Fg. 2, the use s located at the CF ogn (0, 0, 0). The POIs, n tun, ae located on the suface of the eath, agan usng CF coodnates. To use ths metaphe fo the vtual 3D wold, two addtonal tansfomatons became necessay. As a smat moble devce can only sense GPS coodnates, fst of all, the GPS coodnates of the use and POIs need to be tansfomed nto CF coodnates (cf. Algothm 1). Second, as a use cannot be physcally located at the ogn of the eath, CF coodnates ae tansfomed nto NU coodnates (cf. Algothm 2). NU coodnates, n tun, enable the equed metaphe fo the vtual 3D wold. Moe pecsely, NU coodnates ae tansfomed nto coodnates fo the vtual 3D wold by a tansfomaton of axes. Fnally, n addton to the two tansfomaton algothms (.e., Algothm 1 and 2), Algothm 3 calculates the dstance between a use and the POI based on NU coodnates. 1 See and noth up

5 R. Pyss et al. / Poceda Compute Scence 00 (2016) Algothm 1: Tansfomng GPS coodnates nto CF coodnates fo use and POI Data: lat: Lattude of use o POI lon: Longtude of use o POI alt: Alttude of use o POI 1 begn /* Numec constant WGS 84 A consttutes the length, n klometes, of the eath s sem-majo axs. */ 2 N WGS 84 A 1.0 WGS 84 2 ; x (N + alt) cos(ad(lat)) cos(ad(lon)); sn(adan(lat)) 2 3 y (N + alt) cos(ad(lat)) sn(ad(lon)); /* Numec value WGS 84 2 consttutes the WGS-84 eccentcty squaed value. */ 4 z (N (1.0 WGS 84 2 ) + alt) sn(ad(lat)); 5 end Algothm 2: Tansfomng CF coodnates nto NU coodnates fo a POI Data: lat, lon: Longtude and lattude of the GPS poston of the use xp, yp, zp: CC coodnates of the use x, y, z : CF coodnates of the POI Result: NU: ast-noth-up (NU) coodnates of POI 1 begn 2 latcos cos(ad(lat)); lats n sn(ad(lat)); loncos cos(ad(lon)); lons n sn(ad(lon)); 3 vecto (xp x, yp y, zp z); 4 e ( lons n) vecto[0] + loncos vecto[1]; 5 n ( lats n) loncos vecto[x] + ( lats n) lons n vecto[1] + latcos vecto[2]; 6 u latcos + loncos vecto[0] + latcos lons n vecto[1] + lats n vecto[2]; 7 NU (e, n, u); 8 end Algothm 3: Calculatng dstance between use and POI Data: use: Use s GPS coodnates po: POI GPS coodnates 1 begn 2 use.cf fomgpstocef(use.gps ); /* Tansfom GPS poston of the use to CF. */ 3 po.cf fomgpstocef(po.gps ); /* Tansfom GPS poston of the POI to CF. */ 4 po.nu fomceftonu(po.nu, use.gps, use.cf); /* Tansfom CF coodnaton of the POI to NU. */ /* po.n 2 consttutes the n component of po.nu, wheeas po. 2 the e component. */ 5 po.dstance po.n 2 + po. 2 ; /* Calculate dstance between use and POI. */ /* Hozontal couse s the angle between vecto N (e.g., POI s located at (27,9)) and the noth vecto (1,0). */ 6 po.hcouse vec2angle(po.n, [1, 0]); /* Calculate the hozontal couse of the POI. */ /* Vetcal couse s the atttude dffeence of GPS atttudes of the use and the POI. */ 7 po.vcouse getheghtangle(po.gps, use.gps ); /* Calculate the vetcal couse of the POI. */ 8 end 4. POI Algothm Although ARAv2 uses a vtual 3D wold fo dsplayng POIs, the decton n whch a use holds hs smat moble devce must be popely evaluated. Fo example, f the smat moble devce s hold oblquely, the POI shall be coectly postoned wthn the vtual 3D wold. The coect postonng of POIs s ensued by Algothm 4. Snce Algothm 4 depends on the algothms that establsh the coodnate system on one hand and s the base fo the clusteng algothm on the othe, Fg. 3 llustates ts dependences. GPS Coodnates (Lat, Long, Alt) Algothm 1 Tansfom GPS Coodnates to CF Coodnates Algothm 2 Tansfom CF Coodnates to NU Coodnates Statc Calculaton Pat Algothm 3 Calculate between Use s Poston and POIs Algothm 4 Sze Algothm 5 Calculate Sze of POIs, Daw POIs on Sceen Handle Clustes Dynamc Calculaton Pat Fg. 3. Algothm Dependences

6 6 R. Pyss et al. / Poceda Compute Scence 00 (2016) To be moe pecse, Algothm 4 uses the followng nputs: Fst, the lst of POIs polst (.e., the NU coodnates), locally stoed on the smat moble devce, s used. ach tme a use changes the poston of hs smat moble devce, all POI NU coodnates ae ecalculated. Second, a otaton matx otatonmatx RM s used that manages elevant senso data. On OS, fo example, ths means the data of the gyoscope and acceleomete ae used, wheeas on Andod the data of the gyoscope and acceleomete plus addtonal compass data ae used. To be moe pecse, to obtan the devce s atttude elatve to tue noth as a otaton matx, we smply use the CMMotonManage API povded by Apple OS. On Andod, howeve, we wee not able to obtan any elable data by the Andod standad API. Hence, we decded to develop ou own senso fuson algothm to obtan a smla otaton matx lke on OS. Due to lack of space, the Andod algothm cannot be pesented. Thd, the otatonmatx RM s used to adjust the vtual camea managed wth the matx cameavew CM. Ths matx, n tun, s used to decde whch POIs ae actually shown on the camea vew. Algothm 4 then woks as follows 2 : A vew called aeavew s ceated and shown to the use. Next, each POI n polst s ceated as a sepaate vew. These POI vews ae placed on the aeavew and ae ntally maked as nvsble. They wll be only shown to the use f Algothm 4 ndcates that they shall be vsble (cf. Lnes 9-15). Note that the ente vew stuctue s pecalculated and wll not be changed aftewads by Algothm 4. It makes POIs vsble o nvsble based on the changes by the poston of the use. The poston, n tun, s detemned though the otaton matx otatonmatx RM (cf. Lnes 2-8). Changes n otatonmatx RM ae evaluated up to 60 tmes pe second. Hence, the pecalculaton of the vew stuctue wth espect to pefomance s ndspensable. Algothm 4: Rendeng ppelne wth edaw up to 60 tmes pe second Data: polst, otatonmatx RM, cameavew CM 1 begn 2 P CM RM ; /* Multply camea matx wth otaton matx to eteve otated camea pojecton matx. */ 3 foeach po polst do 4 v [po.nu., po.nu.n, po.nu.u,1] ; /* Ceate homogeneous vecto out of the POI s NU coodnate. */ 5 v v P ; /* Multplcaton of vecto wth pojecton matx to poject the poston of the POI onto the camea vew fustum. */ 6 x ( x.w x.x + 1.0) 0.5 ; /* Nomalze vecto components to */ 7 y ( x.y + 1.0) 0.5 ; x.w /* Nomalze vecto components to */ 8 z x.z 9 f x.z < 1 then 10 tans f omandmovepoi(po, x,y); /* POI s located n font of the camea. */ 11 po.vsble = tue; /* Poston POI on the sceen of the use and make t vsble. */ 12 end 13 else 14 po.vsble = f alse 15 end 16 end 17 end 5. Cluste Algothm Algothm 5 sketches the man calculaton how POI clustes ae handled. Algothm 5 agan uses the polst. In addton, the two paametes thho and thve ae used (cf. Algothm 5) to evaluate all POIs n polst. Note that they ae manually specfed by the moble use and ae used as follows: POIs that ae nsde an aea spanned by thho on the hozontal couse and thve on the vetcal couse (.e., n the NU coodnate system), wll be egaded as POIs n the same cluste (cf. Algothm 3). Fnally, Fg. 4 llustates how cluste handlng (.e., the sceens maked wth actvated) s pesented to the use. Note that the ealzed featues fo tack and aea handlng ae not pesented due to space lmtatons. 6. ARAv2 n Pactce Table 2 llustates examples of moble applcatons that wee developed on top of ARAv2. As can be seen, t s used fo vaous scenaos n eveyday lfe (cf. Table 2). Consdeng the huge numbe of ealzed moble applcatons, 2 Note that pats of the algothm concept can be elated to pespectve tansfomaton and clppng n the context of endeng ppelne n 3D compute gaphcs.

7 R. Pyss et al. / Poceda Compute Scence 00 (2016) Algothm 5: Handlng Clustes Data: polst: Lst of suoundng pos of the use; thho: Hozontal theshold; thve: Vetcal theshold Result: clusteedposlst: Lst of clustes and sngle POIs 1 begn 2 clusteedposlst []; 3 whle polst not empty do 4 e f Po polst[0]; postocluste []; postocluste.append(e f Po); 5 foeach po polst do 6 f e f Po po then 7 h 0 8 f e f Po.hCouse po.hcouse then 9 h efpo.hcouse po.hcouse; 10 else 11 h po.hcouse efpo.hcouse; 12 end 13 f h 180 then 14 h ( h + 360) mod 360; 15 else 16 h h ; 17 end 18 v efpo.vcouse po.vcouse ; 19 f h thho AND v thve then 20 postocluste.append(po); 21 end 22 end 23 end 24 f postocluste not empty then 25 clustepo Cluste(e f Po); 26 foeach po postocluste do 27 f po e f Po then 28 clustepo.addtocluste(po); polst.emove(po); 29 end 30 end 31 clusteedpolst.append(clustepo); 32 else 33 clusteedpolst.append(e f Po); polst.emove(e f Po); 34 end 35 end 36 end Fg. 4. Cluste Algothm n Pactce ARAv2 has evealed a hgh pactcablty. The numbes of POIs ntegated wth the moble applcatons vay among the dffeent scenaos, but n all scenaos ARAv2 evealed same use expeence. 7. Related Wok Pevous eseach elated to the development of a locaton-based augmented ealty applcaton n non-moble envonments s descbed n 4. 5, n tun, uses smat moble devces to develop an augmented ealty system. Anothe applcaton usng augmented ealty s descbed n 6. Its pupose s to shae meda data and othe nfomaton n a eal-wold envonment and to allow uses to nteact wth ths data though augmented ealty. Howeve, none of

8 8 R. Pyss et al. / Poceda Compute Scence 00 (2016) Table 2. ARA n Pactce Moble applcatons usng ARAv2 Categoes OS Andod #POIs Clusteng Abfallnfo HOK I 190 Altenah C 964 Goldpatne F 205 Hntezaten C 297 Lvegude Muswese 97 Rennngen C 1048 C=Cty Gude, =vent Gude, F=Fnance Gude, I=Infastuctue Gude, see fo all moble applcatons these appoaches shae nsghts nto the development of locaton-based augmented ealty on smat moble devces as n ARAv2. Only lttle wok can be found dealng wth the engneeng of moble augmented ealty systems n geneal. As an excepton, 7 valdates exstng augmented ealty bowses. Moeove, 8 dscusses vaous types of locaton-based augmented ealty scenaos wth espect to ssues that have to be patculaly consdeed fo a specfc scenao. Howeve, the engneeng ssues of moble applcatons s not consdeed. 9 poposes an authong tool fo moble augmented ealty applcatons based on make detecton. Howeve, 9 dscusses no engneeng aspects. In 10 an appoach s pesented to suppot pedestans wth locaton-based moble augmented ealty. Altogethe, nethe softwae vendos no eseach appoaches povde nsghts nto the way a locaton-based moble augmented ealty kenel can be developed. 8. Summay and Outlook Ths pape gves nsghts nto the development of the famewok of an augmented ealty kenel fo smat moble devces. It pesents that moble augmented ealty s a complex endeavou that must be contnuously mpoved. As a patcula poject expeence, the concepts had to be evolved n ode to keep pace wth fequently changng equements of moble opeatng systems. In ths context, also new functons lke POI cluste handlng ae pesented. Howeve, the development of moble applcatons s demandng wth espect to the peculates of the dffeent moble opeatng systems. Theefoe, ARAv2 uses a modula achtectue that suppots moble applcatons engnees. Ths pape futhe showed that busness applcatons can be mplemented usng ARAv2. In futue, we conduct pefomance tests that evaluate elevant ndcatos of ARAv2 systematcally. Altogethe, moble augmented ealty s one example that shows that moble applcatons become moe and moe matue. On the othe, sutable concepts ae equed towads the tend of moble klle applcatons. Refeences 1. Schckle, M., Pyss, R., Schobel, J., Rechet, M.. An engne enablng locaton-based moble augmented ealty applcatons. In: 10th Int l Conf on Web Infomaton Systems and Technologes (Revsed Selected Papes); no. 226 n LNBIP. Spnge; 2015, p Gege, P., Schckle, M., Pyss, R., Schobel, J., Rechet, M.. Locaton-based moble augmented ealty applcatons: Challenges, examples, lessons leaned. In: 10th Int l Conf on Web Infomaton Systems and Technologes. 2014, p Gege, P., Pyss, R., Schckle, M., Rechet, M.. ngneeng an advanced locaton-based augmented ealty engne fo smat moble devces. Techncal Repot UIB ; Unvesty of Ulm; Koope, R., MacIntye, B.. Bowsng the eal-wold wde web: Mantanng awaeness of vtual nfomaton n an a nfomaton space. Int l Jounal of Human-Compute Inteacton 2003;16(3): Kähä, M., Muphy, D.. Maa: Senso based augmented ealty system fo moble magng devce. In: 5th I and ACM Int l Symp on Mxed and Augmented Realty; vol ,. 6. Lee, R., Ktayama, D., Kwon, Y., Sumya, K.. Inteopeable augmented web bowsng fo explong vtual meda n eal space. In: Poc of the 2nd Int l Wokshop on Locaton and the Web. ACM; 2009, p Gubet, J., Langlotz, T., Gasset, R.. Augmented ealty bowse suvey. Techncal Repot; Gaz Unvesty of Technology; Km, W., Kele, N., Geke, M.. Moble augmented ealty n suppot of buldng damage and safety assessment. Natual Hazads and ath System Scences 2016;16(1): Yang, Y., Shm, J., Chae, S., Han, T.. Moble augmented ealty authong tool. In: 10th I Int l Conf on Semantc Computng. I; 2016, p Chung, J., Pagnn, F., Lange,.. Mndful navgaton fo pedestans: Impovng engagement wth augmented ealty. Technology n Socety 2016;45:29 33.