THE HIERARCHICAL MODEL OF INTERACTION BETWEEN INTELLIGENT AGENTS IN THE MANET CONTROL SYSTEMS

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1 UDC THE HIERARCHICAL MODEL OF INTERACTION BETWEEN INTELLIGENT AGENTS IN THE MANET CONTROL SYSTEMS Oleg Ya. Sova Valey A. Romanyuk Mltay Insttute of Telecommuncatons and Infomatzaton Kyv Ukane Dmyto A. Mnochkn Insttute of Telecommuncaton Systems Natonal olytechnc Unvesty Kyv Ukane Кonstantn O. olshchykov Donbass State Mechancal Engneeng Academy Donetsk Ukane Abstact - The heachcal model of nteacton between ntellgent agents n the MANET contol systems s poposed n the pape. oposed model s based on the conceptual epesentaton of the ntellgent MANET contol systems as a heachcal stuctue wth vetcal connectons that defne management tasks subodnaton n the MANET. Keywods - moble ado netwok ntellgent contol system ntellgent agent multagent system. Intoducton MANET (Moble Ad-Hoc Netwoks [] class moble ado netwok (MRN contol featues ae: ado netwok contol system (CS conssts of multple CS nodes that nteact dung the data tansmsson dynamc natue of MRN leads to necessty of heachcal achtectue of the CS (maste nodes and slave nodes [] CS nodes make decsons based on gatheng and pocessng of lage volumes of sevce nfomaton about both node and ente MRN status t s mpossble to have full MRN status nfomaton n eal tme theefoe CS must make decsons n uncetan condtons. MRN contol pocess man euement s that all management decsons fo node and netwok esouces must be caed out automatcally by ndependent moble nodes. Futhemoe dung the management pocess evey node s CS must consde not only ts own goal functon but the goal functon of all neghbong nodes [3] whose nfomaton s stoed on the maste node. In ths scenao MANET class ado netwok CS management decsons must be based on the ntellgent ablty to ecognze and analyze dffeent stuatons (on ethe node o netwok level. Moden appoach fo ntellgent node contol system (ICS desgn n vew of the MANET class MRN functonng and mentoned above euements s the use of the ntellgent agents (IA technology and mult-agent systems (MAS [4]. Man featue of ths technology s that an agent s consdeed as a hadwae and softwae system that can make decsons n uncetan condtons. That s IA and MAS can adapt to the changes n suoundng envonment they nteact wth even n the case when sad changes ae not defned n the behavo schemes. Thee ae many examples of IA and MAS used fo gatheng and pocessng nfomaton as well as automatc management of dffeent complex systems and pocesses [5]. But exstng models of IA and MAS ae desgned usng the ntellgent methods that do not account fo the MANET class netwok contol featues and the lack of a method fo desgnng coespondng models fo ICS nodes delays the pocess of MRN development. Theefoe the pupose of ths atcle s to develop the heachcal model fo ntellgent agents nteacton fo the MANET class ado netwok contol system development. Intal data fo the model Accodng to the concept [] MRN ICS s an aggegaton of nteactng node ICS that ae deployed usng the IA technology [6]. In ths case IA stands fo a softwae poduct able to act to acheve a gven goal and n addton to the man featues (eactvty poactvty socalty has [7]: ISSN 3-4 Infomaton and Telecommuncaton Scences 05 Volume 6 Numbe 05 Natonal Techncal Unvesty of Ukane Kyv olytechnc Insttute

2 INFORMATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION SCIENCES VOLUME 6 NUMBER JANUARY JUNE 05 Moblty IA can cay out ts functons on anothe node on behalf of the ntato node Intellgence the man featue of IA that pesume ts ablty to self-lean n the pocess of the moble node opeatons so that t can fnd optmal behavo pattens fo cases not foeseen at the desgn phase. Evey IA of a node ICS s desgned fo a specfc type tasks (pefoms dffeent functons dependng on OSI model levels (Fg. can nteact wth othe IA fo nfomaton exchange ICS of -th netwok node System agent системний Functonal агент agent Montong agent Dagnostcs agent Foesght agent Metaagent and make coodnated decsons fomng the executve laye of netwok ICS. The coodnaton of IA opeatons on executve laye s managed by metaagents of node ICS. Multple metaagents fom the node laye of netwok ICS. In tun coodnaton of metaagents decsons of node ICS s managed by a maste node. Any node of the netwok can be a maste node dependng on ts hadwae o geogaphc locaton. ICS of j-th netwok node Functonal системний agent агент System agent Montong agent Metaagent Dagnostcs agent Foesght agent Moble netwok Fg.. Inteacton of IA n the ntellgent netwok contol system As seen on Fg. man management agents of the node ICS of the netwok can be dstngushed as follows: functonal agent system agent montong agent dagnostcs agent foesght agent. Though the uantty and composton of IA can vay dastcally dependng on the netwok node (moble node base staton o senso devce [8]. Metaagent takes cae of coodnaton of IA opeatons to acheve common management goals usng the management decson made by local agents and metaagents of neghbong nodes. Metaagent analyzes netwok nfomaton by communcatng wth neghbong nodes so that t s able to make a decson to povde a cetan level of os. System agent. Its man functons ae: mantanng a database of neghbong node and netwok status (avalable esouces moble node locatons (topogaphc nfomaton fomng a knowledge base wth ules of behavo of the gven node unde dffeent ccumstances self-leanng of the moble node. Montong agent mplements contnuous montong of the netwok key pefomance ndcatos n eal tme dentfes dffeent stuaton on the MRN detemnes cuent and potental poblems gathes and analyzes sevce nfomaton (statstcs. Dagnostcs agent detemnes localzes and analyzes node malfunctons uns tests of man functons of all of the moble node s modules. Foesght agent uses the ules and algothms of netwok pefomance analyss on all ts layes to make a foecast of node and MRN status n the nea futue. Functonal agents mplements contol methods fo evey laye of OSI model: topology management outng management data steams management ueue management message poty and secuty spectum allocaton powe allocaton etc. Most of the afoementoned IA ae statonay they ae located on the node pemanently. But fo some functons (netwok zone montong nfomaton oute plannng etc. system agent can geneate a moble IA (MIA. MIA s elocated to anothe netwok node collects (and pocesses f necessay the nfomaton of the gven node and etuns to the souce node wth a epot (o f necessay s elocated to a new node. MIA lfe cycle s llustated on Fg..

3 SOVA OLEG MINOCHKIN DMYTRO. THE HIERARCHICAL MODEL 3 ICS of -th netwok node statonay ІА moble ІА 4 ICS of j-th netwok node moble ІА 3 statonay ІА node geneates a MIA МІА elocaton 3 data collecton and pocessng 4 etun to the node Fg.. МІА lfe cycle Theefoe n vew of the heachcal concept of netwok ICS desgn [] and afoementoned functonal stuctue of node ICS wth IA fomal descpton of MANET class ado netwok ICS can be pesented as multple IAs on dffeent layes that nteact wth each othe by exchangng sevce nfomaton that s used to make management decsons. To acheve ths we need to solve two poblems: combne heteogeneous IA n the heachcal netwok ICS and set up nfomaton exchange between IA n ths stuctue. To solve these poblems the heachcal model of IA nteacton s poposed whch stuctue coesponds to the heachcal netwok ICS desgn concept. Heachcal model of IA nteacton Fomal descpton of the netwok ICS functonal stuctue (wth decentalzed management can be epesented as a heachcal IA stuctue wth vetcal elatons between them. Gven elatons defne the subodnaton of task that ae esolved by IA at each laye []: Zeo (executve laye esolves management tasks accodng to the OSI model (outng esouce management data steams management secuty etc. by selectng the eued values of node ICS subsystem paametes Fst (node laye conssts of node ICS meta-agents that coodnate the zeo laye IA by selectng optmal set of management actons and the mplementaton seuence on all node ICS subsystems Second (netwok laye conssts of the maste node that coects the goal functons of fst laye meta-agents n vew of netwok status as whole o ts pat. Usng gaph theoy we can pctue the gven functonal stuctue as shown on Fg. 3. Located at the oot of the tee s a maste node subsystem ( I U at the vetces that ae one edge away fom the oot ae subsystems ( U... ( I U... ( I U I that epesent meta-agents of node ICSs. Evey mentoned subsystem of netwok ICS contans a contol (dentfcaton block I and management block U. In tun evey fst laye subsystem ( I U = s connected to multple functonal subsystems of zeo laye = = R that ae located on two edges dstance fom the oot. These subsystems epesent IA nteacton pocesses of evey functonal subsystem of node ICS [9]. Ths nteacton conssts of sevce nfomaton exchange and management decsons of each IA. Fo -th management subsystem of the fst laye ( I U = let us denote the followng: X multple state vectos of the th IA whee the sze of a k = x k a = a s a ( k X X multple genealzed estmated state vectos of -th subsystem of the fst laye (e.. moble node whee the sze of a k = x k a = a s a ( k X U multple management vectos of -th subsystem of the fst laye that ae dected to -th IA of the zeo laye whee the b k = u k b = b s b sze of U Y multple management vectos of -th subsystem of the fst laye that ae dected to the uppe laye management subsystem (maste node whee the sze of d k = y k d = d s d Y Z multple estmated state vectos of -th subsystem of the fst laye that ae dected to uppe laye management subsystem

4 4 INFORMATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION SCIENCES VOLUME 6 NUMBER JANUARY JUNE 05 (maste node whee the sze of d k = z k d = d s d { } Z Y U.. Z X I... Z ( k Y U X ( k Z Y ( k X I U U X C Y Z π π π Y Z ( k X I U I R R R R R R k π π π R C R C R C R R R Fg. 3. Heachcal model of IA oganzaton of netwok ICS R Y R Z R R π π π R Fo the second laye management subsystem ( I U (maste node let us denote: X multple genealzed estmated state vectos of the fst laye subsystems (metaagents of the node ICS whee the sze of l X { = x } l = l s l = a = Y multple management vectos of contol vaables that ae sent to lowe laye management subsystems (metaagents of the node ICS whee the sze of d k = y k d = d s d Y Z multple management vectos of vaable estmated states that ae sent to the lowe laye management subsystem (metaagents of the node ICS whee the sze of d k = z k d = d s d { } Z Fnally fo -th subsystem of the zeo laye = = R let us denote: C ( k multple connectons vectos p (sevce nfomaton exchange between IA and the management decsons whee mn C k = c k m = m n = n between p p -th and p-th subsystems ( p = p ( k Π multple extenal effects vectos that ae been measued by -th IA of the -th moble node whee the sze of { } l l l П k = π = s l. Wheen multple vectos of -th IA U R = states X ( k X = can be of dffeent type dependng on the state vaables that affect the channel ualty and moble node o netwok effcency. Some of them ae: Netwok nfomaton load paametes vecto = Λ... Λ Λ T Λ... Infomaton messages delays vecto = Η... Η Η T Η... Netwok adofeuency envonment paametes

5 SOVA OLEG MINOCHKIN DMYTRO. THE HIERARCHICAL MODEL 5 = ℵ... ℵ ℵ T ℵ... Netwok spectum esouces vecto = I... I I T I... Netwok enegy esouces vecto = R... R R T R... Hadwae esouces vecto (pocesso battey capacty RAM etc. = Α... Α Α T Α... etc. As shown n the model (Fg. 3 any -th management subsystem of the fst laye ( I U = can be chaactezed by: Mappng that descbes the object beng managed (metaagent of -th moble node Ο : U C Π Y Z ( X p Mappng that descbes the ctea used by -th moble node metaagent to detemne the estmated state V and contol nfluence W : X Z V ( Ο Ο : U Y W (3 3 Mappng that descbes the genealzed nfomaton Φ that aves to uppe laye subsystem (maste node Ο : Y Z Φ (4 4 Mappngs that detemne the constants of nput vaables vectos Θ and contol nfluence vectos Ψ espectvely Ο : X Θ (5 5 Ο : U Ψ. (6 6 Second laye subsystem ( I U can be chaactezed by: Mappng that descbes the fomaton of the genealzed estmated states vecto of the moble netwok ( Ο : Φ X (7 U = whee Φ = Φ Mappng that descbes the ctea used by the ( I U subsystem (maste node to detemne the contol nfluence destned fo I U = ( : U X W (8 Ο U Y = whee U = Mappngs that detemne the constants fo genealzed state and contol vectos ( : X Θ (9 Ο3 ( Ο4 : U Ψ. (0 The functonng of the ICS of all moble netwok elements (moble o senso nodes moble base staton o netwok contol cente [9] can be descbed by tme ntevals as follows: T tme nteval fo pefomng management and contol tasks ( 6 by I U metaagents of evey node ICS ( subsystems ( T tme nteval of genealzed nfomaton tansmsson fom metaagents I I U to the maste node ( U subsystem T tme nteval fo pefomng the contol and management tasks (7 0 by the maste node The length of T tme nteval s detemned by the extenal nfluence vecto Π k change ate change of the contol nfluences Y and Z node ( U nteconnecton matx ( k length of fom the maste I and the change of C stuctue. The p ( T tme nteval s detemned entely by the methods and potocols of I I U nteacton between U and subsystems defned at appopate levels of the OSI model. Based on the nfomaton eceved by node ICS metaagents ( I U = the maste node ( I U checks the estants (9 (0 and calculates the values of the ndcato n U k = U k (8 wth contol nfluences that ae defned by subodnate node ICS on the pevous tme nteval. If constants ae obseved o a cteon has a devaton fom the eued value a hghe laye task s pefomed agan whch defnes the length of tme nteval T.

6 6 INFORMATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION SCIENCES VOLUME 6 NUMBER JANUARY JUNE 05 Fo a thee layeed netwok ICS (Fg. 3 the ato between the afoementoned tme ntevals s as follows [9]: ( ( T T >> T T T fo =. T Dung those tme ntevals evey element of the netwok ICS mplements coespondng methods and algothms of moble netwok management fom mathematcal methods and algothms of lnk management (physcal level of OSI model to methods and algothms of applcaton level management (secuty management powe consumpton management os management etc.. Decson makng n the netwok ntellectual contol system In the geneal scenao management decson makng n the netwok ICS means povdng a gven ualty of nfomaton exchange n MANET by detemnng the values of contol vaables of node ICS based on the analyss of cuent state of the ado netwok. But as mentoned befoe evey node ICS s chaactezed by ts own goal functon that s fomed based on multple factos: Resouces and hadwae/softwae capabltes of the node.e. the totalty of the devces fo eachng the goal (RAM pocesso pefomance battey capacty etc. Managed paametes: on physcal level tansmtte powe modulaton tansmsson ate etc. on channel level access potocol on netwok level outng method on tanspot level tansfe method etc. Uncontollable paametes: set exchange potocols topology dynamcs netwok sze ntefeence level etc. Reuements fo nfomaton exchange ualty fo dffeent types of taffc (data voce vdeo gaphcs. It leads to the nablty to acheve global optmzaton of the ente moble netwok n the case of decentalzed management envonment and wth pesence of contadcton between the optmal node ICS awaeness and the tmelness of contol nfluences. Theeby t was poposed n [0] to decompose the man goal of moble netwok management to multple smple goals. To acheve ths n the desgn phase of node ICS a goal stuctue (GS s fomed as a gaph whee the vetces ae goals and edges ae the nfluences of achevng a goal n a subgoal (Fg. 4. L Goal С povde an nfomaton exchange wth gven ualty n the moble netwok (n-th decton Netwok level L L 3 С povde a tmely nfomaton tansfe С 3 maxmze the capacty of the (aea netwok С povde gven capacty С 3 mnmal sevce nfomaton exchange С m( mnmze the delvey tme С 3m(3 maxmze the netwok lfetme Node level L L k С topology management С k adapt antenna beamfomng С k adapt tansmtte powe С outng management С k3 buldng a oute С k4 suppotng the oute С m( steams management С k6 lmtaton of the nput steam Fg. 4. Fagment of the goal stuctue of the netwok ICS С km(k load balance Executve level In the pevous eseach t was shown that n an uncetan envonment whee a moble netwok functons to descbe a stuaton and make a management decson by the subsystems of node ICS t s advsable to use the methods of fuzzy logc []. Theefoe the goal stuctue (Fg. 4 can be mathematcally ntepeted as a lst of fuzzy management goals of dffeent levels L... Lk that ae connected by [0 ]: GS = { С R { C C... C } R R 3m km ( { C { C 3 k C C m 3 ( k... C... C 3m (3 ( k km( k }... }} m ( (

7 SOVA OLEG MINOCHKIN DMYTRO. THE HIERARCHICAL MODEL 7 whee С global goal of the netwok ICS that s detemned by the maste node m( С l = k l = l-th subgoal of -th level of the goal stuctue that s detemned by the metaagent of the coespondng node ICS R = k j fuzzy elatonshp between the = m( lax advantage of the objects on the -th level ove evey object at the uppe - level. If R descbes the elatonshp only between the subgoals of neghbong levels we should talk about a goal tee othewse the goal stuctue degeneates to a netwok. Let the goal system consst of k levels and evey L level = k conssts of m objects (fo fst level m = : L = { C C... Cm } (. Goal stuctue (Fg. 4 can be descbed as a multple of levels L : k U = k m UU GS = L = С. = l = As seen on Fg. 4 dffeent elements of the goal stuctue ae unted unde a global goal С that can be descbed as povdng the nfomaton exchange wth gven ualty n the netwok. As mentoned befoe a bnay fuzzy elatonshp of a lax advantage R s used to descbe the elatonshp between global goal and lowe level goals that s gven by a membeshp functon ( C C = k l µ R l j = m( l = m. It should be noted that dependng on the heachy laye (Fg. 3 thee can be two types of elatonshp: goal subgoal elatonshp appea between the elements of the netwok and node layes (between maste node and subodnate nodes of a moble netwok o ts aea and ceate a goalfomng pat of the GS subgoal means to each the goal elatonshp appea between elements of the node laye (metaagents of node ICS and the elements of the executve laye (IA of coespondng functonal subsystems and ceate an mplementng pat of the GS. And so begnnng wth the second heachy laye ( at evey -th laye thee ae as many fuzzy elatonshp of advantage R as thee ae objects at - level of GS. In the geneal case these elatonshps can be descbed as a matx: R = µ( C m... ( C l µ( C C µ ( C C 0 = k whee [ ] R l µ( C... C j = m( l = m. As a esult tasks of decson makng of the netwok ICS ae educed to ecevng of the poty vecto of the lowe laye elements n elatonshp to the global goal the element of the fst laye. To cope wth ths task n [] t s poposed to use a weghtng pocedue of the heachy analyss method o fuzzy elatonshp convoluton algothm. Concluson Theeby to espond to the featues of the management n the MANET class moble netwoks the management system must have ntellectual capabltes to ecognze and analyze the stuatons n the ado netwok and based on ths make management decsons to contol the node and netwok esouces. To desgn such management system t s poposed to use the technology of ntellectual agents and multagent systems that suggests that all subsystems of node ICS ae mplemented usng multple IA that ae defned by management functons dependng on the level of the OSI netwok model. To combne dffeent IA n an ntellectual netwok contol system a heachcal model of IA nteacton was poposed n ths atcle whose essence les n descbng the netwok ICS as a heachcal stuctue wth vetcal lnks that ndcate the subodnaton of management tasks. The novelty of the model les n usng the gaph theoy to make a fomal descpton of the functonal subsystems of the netwok ICS (vetces of the gaph and the nteacton pocesses (edges of the gaph. Usng the poposed model can acceleate and systemze the netwok desgn pocess consdeng the functonng envonment and heachcal m (

8 8 INFORMATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION SCIENCES VOLUME 6 NUMBER JANUARY JUNE 05 stuctue of the ICS. Usng the ntellectual agents technology and multagent systems allows to mnmze the sevce taffc and use netwok and node esouces moe effcently. Dung futue eseach a model fo nfomaton esouces oganzaton of netwok ICS wll be developed to descbe the cculaton pocessng and stoage of the sevce nfomaton that s used by the methods and potocols of coespondng subsystems fo makng management decsons n the moble netwok. Refeences. Cont M. Moble ad hoc netwokng: mlestones challenges and new eseach dectons / Cont M. Godano S. // Communcatons Magazne IEEE. Vol. 5 Issue. Р Concept of heachcal desgn of ntellgent contol systems of MANET class tactcal ado netwoks / [Sova O. Romanyuk V. Zhuk. Romanyuk A.] // nd ntenatonal conf. UHF and telecommuncaton technologes Cmco- 0. Sevastopol: Cmco 0. pp Romayuk V. Taget functons of opeatonal contol of tactcal adonetwoks / Romanyuk V. // Collecton of scentfc wok of MITI NTUU KI. 0.. pp Russel S. Atfcal ntellgence. A moden appoach / Russel S. Novg. Wlams с. 5. Bugachenko D. Desgn and mplementaton of methods consdeng fomal and logcal specfcatons of self-tunng multagent systems wth tme constants: hd thess : / Bugachenko Dmt Yuevch. Sb p. 6. Analyss of possbltes of ntellgent agents usage fo buldng the node contol systems fo MANET / [Sova O. Smonenko O. Romanyuk V. Umanec Y.] // Collecton of scentfc wok of MITI NTUU KI p Gavlova T. Knowledge bases of ntellgent systems / Gavlova T Hooshevsk V. Sb.: te p. 8. Romanyuk V. Achtectue of MANET contol systems / Romayuk V. Sova O. Zhuk O. // Conf. oblems of telecommuncatons - 0. К.:ITS NTUU KI 0. p Mnochkn A. Objectve multagent model of opeatonal contol of moble component of a new geneaton mltay netwok / Mnochkn A. Shaclo. // Collecton of scentfc wok of MITI NTUU KI pp Mnochkn A. Methods of decson makng n a moble ado netwok contol system / Mnochkn A. Romanyuk V. // Collecton of scentfc wok of MITI NTUU KI pp Methods of pocessng the knowledge about a stuaton n MANET netwok fo buldng ntellgent node contol systems / [Sova O. Romanyuk V. Mnochkn D. Romanyuk A.] // Collecton of scentfc wok of MTI STU pp Blumn S. Methods of decson makng n an uncetan envonment / Blumn S. Shukova I. Lpetsk: LEGI p. Receved n fnal fom Apl4 05