EAGLE 6.x.x. University of Applied Sciences Ravensburg-Weingarten. EAGLE Tutorial. Author: Christian Schmid

Transcription

1 University of Applied Sciences Ravensburg-Weingarten EAGLE Tutorial EAGLE 6.x.x Author: Christian Schmid Author: Martin Meier September 30, 2013

2 Contents 1 Introduction What it is What it can be used for Where to get it Restrictions of the free EAGLE-Version Further Reading Installation Win Linux Mac Licensing A First Schematic Create a new Project Important Parameters Different Layers Adding components Connecting components How to find components Electrical Rule Check ERC Restrictions in design SMD or THT?! Components of Choice A First PCB Important Parameters How to create a PCB Placement and Routing Design Rules Design Rule Check DRC Bibliography 26 2

3 1 Introduction 1.1 What it is EAGLE is a designsoftware for electronic circuits. It is developed by CADSoft. Its intended to be used as a schematic editor and hardware editor. It offers automation of the design process by scripts and autorouting. It nowadays supports Linux, MacOS and Windows in several versions. The current version as of September 30, 2013is Eagle What it can be used for Eagle is used in both professional as well as academic design facilities, where it is favoured for its functionallity, simple licensing terms, availability, support and also for the rich amount of component libraries available to the user. It is used for design and verification of both schematic and hardware. 1.3 Where to get it A freeware version is available from [1] and [2] in both English and German respectively. Here, the current version for Linux, MacOS and Windows is provided. 1.4 Restrictions of the free EAGLE-Version Though Eagle offers great functionality for the design process, the freeware version has some restrictions. Among these are : restricted size of boards : maximum size of 100 * 80 mm (4 * 3.2 inch) restricted number of layers : only top and bottom layer are available restricted number of pages in the schematic editor : only one page available restricted support : only via or CADSoft-forum ([3] and [4]) restricted use : may only be used for non-commercial projects 3

4 1.5 Further Reading 1.5 Further Reading There is a wide range of tutorials, youtube-videos, books and other learning material on the web - find the one, that suits you best! The CADSoft GmbH provides for [5] (German version) as well as [6] (English version). 4

5 2 Installation For the English version, go to [1]. For the German version, consider [2] instead. 2.1 Win Download the required files and run the *.exe-file. It will guide you through the installation process. System requirements are Win XP, Vista, 7 or Linux Download the *.run-file and run it. Minimal system requirements are a kernel 2.6 for Intel computers, and X11 with at least 8 bpp. 2.3 Mac Download the respective file and unzip it. A Mac Installer will occur and guide you through the installation process. System requirements include Mac OS X version 10.6 to 10.8 for Intel computers. 2.4 Licensing License as freeware for all OS. 5

6 3 A First Schematic 3.1 Create a new Project Open Eagle and create a new project by clicking on File/New/Project (s. Fig. 3.1). Then, enter a name for your project, eg. MyProject. Right click on MyProject and select New/Schematic, as seen in Fig Important Parameters 3.3 Different Layers 3.4 Adding components Now, you can add a frame - this does not have any technical reason, usually the frame only contains documentary informations. To do this, click on the component library symbol on the left tool bar (s. Fig. 3.3). Now, a new window will pop up. In this window, select frames and then A4L-LOC (s. Fig. 3.4). In the lower right hand corner, you will find the name of your schematic and the date it was saved (Fig. 3.5). Now we can add the first component, a 74HC00N. To do this, open the library and type *74 *00*. Then, select the correct IC (Fig. 3.6). Each IC is added gatewise into the schematic - therefore, we will have to add four gates in order to add the complete IC. The gates are labeled IC1 A, B, C, D. On the left side, the inputs are visible, on the right side the outputs. The numbers correspond to the pins of the IC (s. Fig.3.7). 3.5 Connecting components After adding all the necessary components, we need to connect the components to each other. Click on the icon for drawing connections (Fig. 3.3), and draw the connections as desired. The connections appear as green lines. To check, wether the components are actually connected, click on the move-icon and move the connected parts. If they are connected, the green line will stay with the components. Check this for every connection (cmp. Fig 3.8). 6

7 3.6 How to find components Be aware, that some components hide the ground and V CC connection. They may be inoked by clicking on the Invoke button and then clicking on the respective component. Also, the eye icon on the left hand toolbar will allow you to highlight nets you click on after clicking the eye. A connected pin will appear in red, best visible in the board view. 3.6 How to find components To find components, we use libraries. Eagle offers a rich variety of different components, and Eagle-libraries are provided for by almost all manufacturers and traders. A good source is e.g. [7] or CADSoft itself ([2] and [1], respectively). To open a library, click on the Add Component button as refered in Fig Enter the name of the desired component, and hit enter. Be aware, that the very same component may be available as smd, tht or any other kind of package! Use the windows on the right hand side of the library window to check. A list of preferred components is given in Section An asterisk (*) serves as wildcard. 3.7 Electrical Rule Check ERC To check the electrical properties (connections, values, etc) of our schematic, we use the Electrical Rule Check in the toolbar. Once there are errors, a new window with a list of errors pops up (Fig. 3.9). By clicking on the shown error, the corresponding spot in the schematic will be shown. Work through every error, untill the ERC does not show any errors. 3.8 Restrictions in design Restrictions due to the free EAGLE version are given in Chapter 1, Section 1.4. In addition, the following restrictions apply : PCBs with one layer only (top or bottom) are preferred due to ease the production If two layers are necessary, check with a technical advisor first! Schematics are limited to one page 3.9 SMD or THT?! In general, THT-components are easier to work with, esp. to solder. However, for standard resistors, capacitors and several ICs, SMD-packages are available. Check with Section 3.10 for components and packages. 7

8 3.10 Components of Choice Type THT SMD EAGLE Name R0207/10 R0207/12 R0207/15 C0207/10 C0207/12 C0207/15 Switch Omron 10-XX LED 3MM LED 5MM Diode 1N4004 Diode 1N4148 Klemme con-wago- 508 W237-04P Klemme con-wago- 508 W237-06P pinhead PINHD-1X5 R1206 R0805 C1206 C0805 Diode MBRS 130 LT3 Mini-USB-jack concypressindustries MINI-USB- SCHIELD Table 3.1: Available Components with EAGLE Name 3.10 Components of Choice The components as listed in Tbl. 3.1 are available for projects. The values are given in Tbl.3.2 and Tbl

9 3.10 Components of Choice 1.0pF 10pF 100pF 1.0nF 10nF 1.2pF 12pF 120pF 1.2nF 15nF 1.5pF 15pF 150pF 1.5nF 22nF 1.8pF 18pF 180pF 1.8nF 33nF 2.2pF 22pF 220pF 2.2nF 47nF 2.7pF 27pF 270pF 2.7nF 68nF 3.3pF 33pF 330pF 3.3nF 100nF 3.9pF 39pF 390pF 3.9nF 220nF 4.7pF 47pF 470pF 4.7nF 470nF 5.6pF 56pF 560pF 5.6nF 6.8pF 68pF 680pF 6.8nF 8.2pF 82pF 820pF 8.2nF Table 3.2: Capacitor s Values, E12-Series k 3.3k 10k 33k 100k 330k k 3.6k 11k 36k 110k 360k k 3.9k 12k 39k 120k 390k k 4.3k 13k 43k 130k 430k k 4.7k 15k 47k 150k 470k k 5.1k 16k 51k 160k 510k k 5.6k 18k 56k 180k 560k k 6.2k 20k 62k 200k 620k k 6.8k 22k 68k 220k 680k k 7.5k 24k 75k 240k 750k k 8.2k 27k 82k 270k 820k k 9.1k 30k 91k 300k 910k 1.0M Table 3.3: Resistor s Values, Series E24 9

10 3.10 Components of Choice Figure 3.1: Eagle New Project Figure 3.2: Eagle New Schematic 10

11 3.10 Components of Choice Show Info Hide / Show layers Move Object Mirror Object Group Elements Copy from Clipboard Delete Swap Pins Swap Gates Name Object Seperate Name / Value from Part Split / Bend Line Draw Lines Draw Circles Draw Rectangles Draw Bus Place Junction Define Attributes Electrical Rule Check Show Properties Set Relative Coordinates Duplicate Component Turn Component Change Object Properties Component Library Replace Component Change Component Value Miter Wires Invoke Gates Text Draw Arc Draw Polygon Draw Electrical Connection Name Signals Draw Dimension Electrical Rule Check Figure 3.3: Eagle Schematic Editor Toolbar Left Side 11

12 3.10 Components of Choice Figure 3.4: Eagle Library and Selections for Frame Figure 3.5: Document Information in the Frame 12

13 3.10 Components of Choice Figure 3.6: Selection and Adding of 74HCT00N 13

14 3.10 Components of Choice Input 1 of first Gate, IC Pin 1 Input 2 of first Gate, IC Pin 2 Output of first Gate; IC Pin 3 Figure 3.7: Complete Schematic of 74HCT00N 14

15 3.10 Components of Choice Figure 3.8: Connected Components Figure 3.9: Errors found by ERC 15

16 4 A First PCB 4.1 Important Parameters 4.2 How to create a PCB Once the schematic has been proven errorfree, click the Generate/Switch to Board button in the top tool bar (The top tool bar is explained in Fig. 4.1). A warning will appear as in Fig Check yes and proceed. Now, the basic board outline and the components are shown. The components are placed in the lower left corner, left to the origin of the board as seen in Fig The yellow lines, which connect the pins, are socalled air wires. These airwires have to be routed as described in the next section. For the next step, open the grid menu, which is located on top of the lefthand toolbar. Change the unit to mm, and set the size to 1.27 (s. Fig. 4.5). Now, click on the Layer menu and select layer 20 Dimension. Proceed by clicking ok. Then, click the Delete icon and delete the white outline. Then, select the Draw Lines menu. Now the drawing toolbar is visible on top (Fig Again, select layer 20 Dimension, and width 0. Then, draw the outlines as desired. The coordinates are visible underneath the top toolbar. The origin is marked by a white, dotted cross. 4.3 Placement and Routing In this step, you will place your components inside the white outlines of your pcb. Therefore, change the layer to 16 Bottom. If you draw any lines, they should appear blue. Otherwise check the layer. Now, pick the Move icon in the left hand side toolbar, and click on a component. Drag and drop it to the place you whish. However, this place has to be inside the white outlines. Keep at least 1 mm away from the outer borders! Try to arrange your components in a way, that no short cuts betwenn the yellow lines appear. Every once in a while, click on the Ratsnet icon to recalculate the shortest airwires. If you are pleased with the result, click on the Route Manually icon (left side), and start routing by clicking on the desired airwire. Also, if you need mounting holes, you can add them via the Add icon. The most important rules for the design are given in the next section. If you want to add text, eg. your name, to the board, select the Text icon. Write and 16

17 4.3 Placement and Routing Get Help Execute Command Stop Command Redo Undo Zoom Select Redraw Zoom out Zoom in Zoom to Fit Grid Settings Orientation Open File Save drawing Print drawing Start CAM Processor Generate/Switch to Board Select / Create / Remove Sheet Use a Library Execute Script File Run User Language Program 17 Figure 4.1: Eagle Top Toolbar

18 4.3 Placement and Routing Figure 4.2: Eagle Warning to create Board from Schematic Figure 4.3: Eagle New Board with Components 18

19 4.3 Placement and Routing Show Object Properties Show / Hide / Edit Layers Move Object Mirror Object Group Objects Paste from Clipboard Delete Swap Pins / Pads Lock Position of Object Define Object Name Seperate Name / Value from Part Split / Bend a Line Replace Part of a Line with Meander Route manually Draw Lines Draw Circles Draw Rectangles Draw a Via Draw a Hole Draw a Dimension Ratsnest Calculate shortest Airwires Electrical Rule Check Show Errors found by ERC / DRC Show Objects Place Relative Origin Copy Object Rotate Object Change Object Properties Add an Element Replace an Element with different Package Define Object Value Miter Lines Join Wire Segments Ripup routed Tracks Draw Text Draw an Arc Define Electrical Connection Define Attributes Start Autorouter Design Rule Check Figure 4.4: Eagle Board Editor Toolbar Left Side 19

20 4.4 Design Rules Figure 4.5: Eagle Grid Menu Grid Menu Select Wire Bend Select / Enter Miter Radius Select Style Select Width Select Layer Round / Straighten Wire Figure 4.6: Eagle Board Editor Wire Drawing Menu place your text as desired. Then, select the text s cross (lower left or right hand side), right click and select Properties. Make sure, the font is a vector font, and the Ratio is at least 18 %. Choose the size according to your need. (s. Fig. 4.7 Once you have routed all your signals, draw a polygon on the outlines of your board. A blue, dotted line should be on the white outlines of your board now. Right click on it, and select New Name. A window will pop up, where you enter GND as new name. Make sure the entry this Polygon is checked. After renaming the polygon, click on the Ratsnest icon (left side) again. The copper area of your pcb, which is not Ground, will now be visible as carved out copper wires, while the greater area will be the ground. 4.4 Design Rules While routing, be aware of the following rules : 20

21 4.4 Design Rules Figure 4.7: Eagle Board Editor Text Properties Menu 21

22 4.5 Design Rule Check DRC keep a distance of more than 0.3 mm between the copper wires, where possible. The smallest width is 0.2 mm use a wire width of at least 0.4 mm it is favorable, to pick the wire width at least as big as the pad diameter - this will simplyfy soldering for all drill holes, the minimal diameter is 0.6 mm the wires should have 45 angles; 90 are not permitted, as well as round curves the minimal restring around a drill hole must be 0.35 mm or greater it is favorable, if not requested, to use only the bottom layer 4.5 Design Rule Check DRC Once placement and routing have taken place with the aforementioned rules considered, start the DRC and insert the values of Fig to Fig accordingly. Leave other values at default. Once your DRC does not return any errors, you are done. While it does, work them off piece by piece. Save your work! You will have two files : The *.brd file, containing all the data to produce a pcb, and the *.sch file, containing the schematic. 22

23 4.5 Design Rule Check DRC Figure 4.8: Eagle Board Editor DRC Clearance Values 23

24 4.5 Design Rule Check DRC Figure 4.9: Eagle Board Editor DRC Sizes Values 24

25 4.5 Design Rule Check DRC Figure 4.10: Eagle Board Editor DRC Restring Values 25

26 Bibliography [1] CADSoft GmbH. EAGLE Download (English). download-eagle/freeware/?language=en, [2] CADSoft GmbH. EAGLE Download (German). download-eagle/freeware/?language=de, [3] CADSoft GmbH. EAGLE Forum (German) [4] CADSoft GmbH. EAGLE Forum (English) [5] CADSoft GmbH. EAGLE Tutorium. tutorials/, [6] CADSoft GmbH. EAGLE Tutorium. tutorials/?lang=en, [7] Farnell Element 14. Onlineshop