Chapter 16: PAGE LAYOUT WITH CSS

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1 Disclaimer: All words, pictures are adopted from Learning Web Design (3 rd eds.) by Jennifer Niederst Robbins, published by O Reilly PART III: CSS FOR PRESENTATION Chapter 16: PAGE LAYOUT WITH CSS CSc2320 GSU

2 2 In this chapter Fixed, liquid, and elastic page layouts Two- and three-column layout templates Using floats Using absolute positioning Centering a fixed-width page Homework 8

3 3 Page Layout Strategies Nature of website design: no way of knowing exactly how wide, skinny, tall, or short a User s browser window will be. The precise size of any given web page is an unknown. no way of knowing how large your text will be. Liquid pages resize along with the browser window. Fixed pages put the content in a page area that stays a specific pixel width regardless of the browser s dimensions. Elastic pages have areas that get larger or smaller when the text is resized.

4 4 Liquid page design Liquid page layouts (also called fluid layouts) follow the default behavior of the normal flow;the page area and/or columns within the page are allowed to get wider or narrower to fill the available space in the browser window.

5 5 How to create liquid layouts Create a liquid layout by specifying widths in percentage values or not at all (auto). Example:

6 6 How to create liquid layouts Example

7 7 Fixed Layouts Fixed-width layouts stay put at a specified pixel width as determined by the designer. First, you need to pick a page width, usually based on common monitor resolutions. You also need to decide where the fixed-width layout should be positioned in the browser window.

8 8 How to create fixed-width layouts Advantages and disadvantages Fixed-width layouts are created by specifying width values in pixel units. Typically, the content of the entire page is put into a div (often named content, container, wrapper, page ) that can then be set to a specific pixel width. This div may also be centered in the browser window.

9 9 Elastic Layouts Elastic (also called jello) layouts expand or contract with the size of the text. If the user makes the text larger, the box that contains it expands proportionally.

10 10 How to create elastic layouts The key to elastic layouts is the em, a unit of measurement that is based on size of the text. For example, for an element with 12-pixel text, an em is 12 pixels. In Chapter 12, Formatting Text, we learned that it is always preferable to specify font size in ems because it allows the text to be resized with the zoom feature in all modern browsers.

11 11 Page Layout Templates

12 12 Multicolumn Layouts Using Floats The most popular way to create a column is to float an element to one side and let the remaining content wrap around it. One of the advantages of floats is that it is easier to start page elements such as a footer below the columned area of the page. The drawback of float-based layouts is that they are dependent on the order in which the elements appear in the source.

13 13 Two-column with footer Method: FLOAT Layout: LIQUID

14 14 Two-column with footer Method: FLOAT Layout: LIQUID

15 15 Three-column with footer Method: FLOAT Layout: FIXED

16 16 Three-column with footer Method: FLOAT Layout: FIXED

17 17 Layouts Using Absolute Positioning Absolute positioning can also be used to create a multicolumn page. The advantage is that the order of the source document is not as critical as it is in the float method, because element boxes can be positioned anywhere. The disadvantage is that you run the risk of elements overlapping and content being obscured.

18 18 Two-column with narrow footer Method: POSITIONED Layout: LIQUID Example

19 19 Two-column with narrow footer Method: POSITIONED Layout: LIQUID Example

20 20 Two-column with narrow footer Method: POSITIONED Layout: LIQUID Example

21 21 Three-column (narrow footer) Method: POSITIONED Layout: LIQUID Example

22 22 Three-column (narrow footer) Method: POSITIONED Layout: LIQUID Example

23 23 Three-column (narrow footer) Method: POSITIONED Layout: LIQUID Example

24 24 Three-column with rules and padding between columns Method: POSITIONED Layout: FIXED Example

25 25 Three-column with rules and padding between columns Method: POSITIONED Layout: FIXED Example

26 26 Three-column with rules and padding between columns Method: POSITIONED Layout: FIXED Example

27 27 Centering a Fixed-Width Page All of the fixed-width examples we ve seen so far have been aligned on the left side of the browser. In CSS, specify a width for the div element that holds all the page s contents, then set the left and right margins to auto. An alternative method uses negative margins to effectively center a containing block on the page.

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