Introduction to Numbering Systems

Transcription

1 Soft PLC CFW - 11 Introduction to Numbering Systems 1

2 Introduction to Numbering Systems To be able to program PLC / Soft PLC one must understand numbering Systems Differences between Bits(Boolean) Bytes; Words and Double Words. Bit marker; Digital input; Digital output; User Parameter; Bit system marker; Word marker Constants; Markers; Analog Inputs; Analog Outputs; Difference between Volatile and Non-Volatile. Introduction to Numbering Systems KF - Float Constant MX - Bit Marker MW - Word Marker MF - Float Marker SX - Bit System Marker SW - System Marker IX - Digital Input QX - Digital Output IW - Analog Input QW - Analog Output UW - User Parameter PW - System Parameter PD - Drive Parameter 2

3 Number Systems There are four different types of number systems: Decimal (Base 10) (XX 10 ) Binary (Base 2) (XX 2 ) Octal (Base 8) (XX 8 ) Hexadecimal (Base 16) (XX 16 ) Comparing These Numbers Decimal (10) Binary (2) Octal (8) Hexadecimal (16) A B C D E F 3

4 The Weight of These Numbers Breaking Down Decimal Numbers: (1 x 10 3 ) + (2 x 10 2 ) + (3 x 10 1 ) + (4 x 10 0 ) = = The Weight of These Numbers Breaking Down Octal Numbers = (1 x 8 3 ) + (2 x 8 2 ) + (3 x 8 1 ) + (4 x 8 0 ) = =

5 The Weight of These Numbers Breaking Down Hexadecimal Numbers = (1 x 16 3 ) + (2 x 16 2 ) + (3 x 16 1 ) + (4 x 16 0 ) = = The Weight of These Numbers Breaking Down Binary Numbers MSB LSB = (1 x 2 3 ) + (1 x 2 2 ) + (0 x 2 1 ) + (1 x 2 0 ) = =

6 Converting Number Systems Use Sum Of Weights Decimal BINARY Octal Hexadecimal Make Groups of 3 (2 3 =8) Make groups of 4 (2 4 =16) Convert Binary To Hexadecimal D F 1 STEP 1: Make groups of 4 starting at RHS (2 4 = 16 = HEX BASE) STEP 2: Change the groups of 4 to Hexadecimal using your table 6

7 Convert Hex To Binary 5 D F STEP 1: Change each number to a four bit binary number using your table Convert Binary to Decimal = =

8 Hexadecimal to Decimal CHANGE to DECIMAL STEP1: First convert the Hexadecimal Number to Binary STEP2: Convert the Binary Number to Decimal = Decimal to Hexadecimal CONVERT TO HEXADECIMAL STEP1: First convert the Decimal Number to Binary = = = 0 STEP2: Convert the Binary Number To Hexadecimal

9 1 S Compliment What is 1 s Compliment? All Zero s changes to One, and all One s changes to Zero EXAMPLE: Change the following number to its One s Compliment: S Compliment What is 2 s Compliment? It is the 1 s Compliment of a number + 1 EXAMPLE: Change the following number to its Two s Compliment: (One s Compliment) + 1 (Add 1) (Two s Compliment) 9

10 Displaying Negative Numbers Bit Number 15 is called the sign bit. If it is a 0, the number presented is positive If it is a 1, the number presented is negative and in its 2 s Comp Displaying Negative Numbers Sign bit is 1, number is negative and in 2 s compliment The obtain the real value of the Number, calculate the 1 s Compliment Add 1 to the 1 s compliment In order to get the 2 s compliment. Change the binary number to decimal. The number presented was

11 Displaying Negative Numbers Word Structure Nibble 1 Nibble 1 Nibble 1 Nibble 1 Byte 1 Byte 1 Word 11

12 Introduction Ladder diagram is a graphic presentation of Boolean equations, by combining contacts (input arguments) with coils (output results) and functional blocks. The Ladder program allows to test and change data by standard graphic symbols. The symbols are positioned in the ladder program similar to a logic diagram line with relays. The Ladder diagram is limited at the right and at the left by bar lines. Introduction GRAPHIC COMPONENTS The basic graphic components of a Ladder Diagram: A - Left power rail B - Right power rail C - Horizontal connection D - Vertical connection E - Contact F - Coil G - Power flow 12

13 Introduction Power rails The Editor is left delimited by a vertical line known as left power rail and right delimited by a vertical line known as right power rail. Connections, Elements and States The connection elements may be horizontal or vertical. The status of the elements can be denoted by 1 or 0, corresponding to true 1 or false 0, Boolean values, respectively. The term Connection Status should be synonym of the term Power Flow. The status of the left power rail can be considered always equal to 1. A horizontal line should indicate a horizontal connection element A horizontal connection element transmits its status to the elements immediately to the right element. Introduction A vertical connection element must consist of vertical lines intersected by one or more horizontal connections at each side. The vertical connection status should represent the OR of the 1 status of the horizontal connections of the left side, i.e., The status of the vertical connections should be: 1. 0, if all horizontal connections, including the left ones, are if the status of one or more horizontal connections, including the left, ones, is 1 The status of the vertical connections should be copied for all horizontal connections associated to the right ones. The status of the vertical connections cannot be copied for all horizontal connections associated to the left ones 13

14 EXECUTION CONTROL Introduction Figure below shows how the Ladder program is executed. PLC1 executes continuously one scan cycle. The cycle starts reading the values of the inputs and outputs signals and saving them in the internal memory. A- Inputs read to the memory B - Memory write at the outputs C - Ladder line scanning The lines of the Ladder program are executed in a fixed order, by starting with the first line. During the program scanning new values of the physical outputs, as determined by the logic of the different Ladder lines, can be modified in the memory. Finally, after Ladder program concluded the program execution (one scan cycle), the output image is written to the physical outputs in a unique operation. Introduction LOGIC CALCULATION FORM The logics are calculated from top to bottom and from left to right, as shown in the previous Ladder Diagram. 14

15 Introduction to the PLC What is a PLC? The abbreviation PLC stands for Programmable Logic Controller. It is a electronic system that reacts on different type of inputs like limit switches, proximity switches, level, switches, photo electric switches, selector switches, digital switches etc. The system makes a decision according to a certain control program and then control driving loads such as solenoid valves, motors, electromagnetic clutches, indication loads such as lights, digital indicators, sirens, etc. Installing The Software It is also possible to download the WLP software from the WEG website After downloading the WLP installer (a ZIP format file), extract the files to a temporary folder before running the installation program. Go to the temporary folder and run the WLP installer (SETUP.EXE) by double-clicking it. 15

16 Introduction to the SoftPLC The SoftPLC is a feature that incorporates to the CFW-11 the functionalities of a PLC, adding flexibility to the product and allowing the user to develop applicative software (user programs). Main Features are: Ladder language programming, by using the WLP software; Access to all the CFW-11 I/O s and parameters; 50 configurable user parameters; PLC Mathematical and Control blocks; Applicative software transfer and on-line monitoring via USB; Transfer of the installed applicative software to the PC conditioned to a password; Storage of the applicative software in the FLASH memory board; Execution directly in the RAM memory. Symbols and Data Types %KW word type constants (16 bits) %KF float type constants (32 bits floating point) %MX bit marker %MW word marker (16 bits) %MF float marker (32 bits floating point) %SX system bit marker %SW system word marker (16 bits) %IX digital inputs %IW analog inputs (16 bits) %QX digital outputs %QW analog outputs (16 bits) 16

17 SoftPLC Memory The total size of the SoftPLC memory is bytes, between program memory and data memory. This amount can be reduced depending on the Trace function use. 3.1 Memory Division NOTE! P0560 = Trace Available Memory, given in percentage % is equal to bytes, and its factory setting is 0%. Data Memory The SoftPLC data memory area (user variables) is shared with the programming memory. Therefore, the total size of an applicative may vary as function of the amount of variables applied by the user. The bit, word and float markers are allocated according to the LAST address used in the applicative, i.e., the higher the last address, the bigger the allocated area. Therefore, it is recommended to use the markers in a SEQUENTIAL manner. The word and float constants do also use program memory space. 17

18 Memory Map Constants Memory Map I/O Physical Inputs and Outputs (Hardware) The analog input (%IW) and analog output (%QW) values respectively read and written via the SoftPLC, respect their gains (P0232, P0237, P0242, P0247: %IW1 %IW4 and P0252, P0255, P0258, P0261: %QW1 %QW4) and offsets (P0234, P0239, P0244, P0249: %IW1 %IW4). 18

19 Physical Inputs and Outputs (Hardware) The values read or written via SoftPLC obey the following rules, respecting the parameters related to the analog input and output signal types (P0233, P0238, P0243, P0248: %IW1 %IW4 and P0253, P0256, P0259, P0262: %QW1 %QW4): Memory Map (Internal memory) Volatile Marker They consist of variables that can be applied by the user to execute the applicative logics. They can be bit markers (1 bit), word markers (16 bit) or float markers (32 bit IEEE). In order to minimize the applicative size, use the markers in a sequential manner. E.g.: Bit markers: %MX5000, %MX5001, %MX Word markers: %MW8000, %MW8001, %MW Float markers: %MF9000, %MF9001, %MF

20 Memory Map (Internal memory) Bit; Float and Word Markers Odd System Bits Memory Map They consist of special variables that allow the user to read and change inverter data that may or not be available in the parameters. They can be: system bit markers (1 bit) or system word markers (16 bits). 20

21 Memory Map for the Odd System Bits Memory Map Even System Bits 21

22 Memory Map Even System Bits (continue) Memory Map for the Even System Bits 22

23 System Word Markers Memory Map The system word markers %SW3300 and %SW3301 use a 13 bits resolution ( to 8191), which represents the motor synchronous speed. Thus, if for a 6 pole motor (this means a synchronous speed of 1000 rpm) the speed reference via SoftPLC (%SW3301) is 4096; the motor will run at 500 rpm. Equation for the calculation of the motor speed value in rpm: Speed in rpm = Synchronous speed in rpm x 13 bits speed 8192 Memory Map for the System Word Markers 23

24 Parameters The parameters from P1011 to P1049 appear on the keypad only when there is a valid applicative (user program) in the memory, i.e., when P1000 > 0. Parameter Memory Map CFW-11 Configuration Parameters P0100 Acceleration Time P0101 Deceleration Time P0220 LOCAL/REMOTE Selection Source P0221 Speed Reference Selection LOCAL option P0222 Speed Reference Selection REMOTE option P0223 FORWARD/REVERSE Selection - LOCAL option P0226 FORWARD/REVERSE Selection - REMOTE option P0224 Run/Stop Selection LOCAL option P0227 Run/Stop Selection - REMOTE option P0225 JOG Selection LOCAL option P0228 JOG Selection - REMOTE option 24

25 CFW-11 Configuration Parameters P0251 AO1 Function P0254 AO2 Function P0257 AO3 Function P0260 AO4 Function P0275 DO1 Function (RL1) P0276 DO2 Function (RL2) P0277 DO3 Function (RL3) P0278 DO4 Function P0279 DO5 Function P0560 Trace Avail. Memory SoftPLC Exclusive Parameters P1000 SoftPLC Status Adjustable 0 = No Application Factory Setting: 0 Range: 1 = Install. App.. 2 = Incompat. App. 3 = App. Stopped 4 = App. Running Properties: RO Access groups via keypad: 01 PARAMETER GROUPS. 50 SoftPLC. 25

26 SoftPLC Exclusive Parameters Description: It allows the user to visualize the SoftPLC status. If there is no installed application, the parameters from P1001 to P1059 will not be showed on the keypad. If this parameter presents the option 2 ( Incompat. App. ), it indicates that the version that has been loaded in the flash memory board is not compatible with the current CFW-11 firmware. In this case it is necessary to recompile the project in the WLP, considering the new CFW-11 version, and to download it again. If this is not possible, the upload of this application with the WLP can be done, provided that the application password be known or that the password be not enabled. SoftPLC Exclusive Parameters P1001 SoftPLC Command Adjustable 0 = Stop Program. Factory Setting: 0 Range: 1 = Run Program. 2 = Delete Program. Properties: CFG Access groups via keypad: 01 PARAMETER GROUPS. 50 SoftPLC. Description: It allows stopping, running or excluding the installed applicative, for that reason, the motor must be disabled. 26

27 SoftPLC Exclusive Parameters P1010 to P1059 SoftPLC Parameters Adjustable 0 to Factory Setting: 0 Range: Properties: CFG Access groups via keypad: 01 PARAMETER GROUPS. 50 SoftPLC. Description: They consist of parameters with functions defined by the user by means of the WLP software. It is also possible for the user to configure these parameters NOTE! Parameters P1010 to P1019 can be visualized in the monitoring mode (P205 =[021-30] SoftPLC (Read Parameter Sel.1) (Normally option 0-20) NOTE! When P1011(Speed Reference) is a writing parameter and it is programmed in P0205, P0206 or P0207, then its contents can be changed with the HMI up and down keys. Inverter Parameter Settings Only the parameters of the CFW-11 that are related to the SoftPLC will be presented. Symbols for the Properties Description RO Read-only parameter. CFG Parameter that can be changed only with a stopped motor. Net Parameter visible on the keypad if the inverter has a network interface installed RS232, RS485, CAN, Anybus-CC, Profibus or if the USB interface is connected. Serial Parameters visible on the keypad if the inverter has the RS232 or the RS485 interface installed. USB Parameters visible on the keypad if the inverter USB interface is connected. 27

28 SoftPLC Main Screen Optional for PLC Board Project Menu Standard Bar Communication Bar Block Bar Ladder elements Bar Page Bar Project tree Status Bar Project Menu New... Creates new projects Open... Opens existing projects Save... Saves current project Save As... Saves current project with a new name Delete... Removes selected project Print... Prints current project Print Preview Visualizes printing of the current project Printer Setup Opens window to configure printer 28

29 Project Menu Continue Change Units Modifies the units of the constants used in the project When clicking on this option, a box is opened to configure the constant units used in the Project, Edit Menu Undo: Undoes the last modification done in the ladder. Redo: Redoes the last modification undone in the ladder. Copy: Copies the selected area in the ladder. Cut: Cuts the selected area in the ladder. Paste: Pastes the area previously copied or cut in the ladder. 29

30 Edit Menu Find: Locates the selected variable through a specific box. View Menu Standard Bar: Displays/Hides the standard button toolbar. Communication Bar Displays/Hides communication button toolbar. Edition Bar: Displays/Hides edition button toolbar. Block Bar: Displays/Hides function block edition toolbar. Status Bar: Displays/Hides status toolbar. Grid: Displays/Hides grid in the edition area. Tag/Address: Switches the display mode of the variables in the edition area, between symbolic tag and absolute address. Compilation Errors: Displays a Box with the errors generated during the project compilation. Find Compilation Errors: Enables the highlighted display of where the compilation errors are. Compilation Information: Displays a box with the information about the compilation with generated files and their sizes. Address Tags: Displays a box with the variables used in the program with their respective addresses and tags. User Parameters Configuration: Displays a box where Tags and Min/Max values can be configure. 30

31 View Compilation Info View Compilation Info It allows the user to know the compiled applicative size in bytes (<project name>.bin) to be sent to the equipment. View User Parameter Configuration View User Parameter Configuration It opens an attribute visualization window for all the user parameters. With a double click on the parameter, it is permitted the configuration of these attributes, which include: Parameter descriptive text on the keypad (up to 21 characters); Text for the units (up to 5 characters); Minimum and maximum limit; Number of decimal positions; Hexadecimal or normal format; Reading or writing only; Modifications only with a stopped motor, or online; With or without sign; Ignores the password (allows modification regardless of P0005) or normal; Visualizes or hides the parameter; Allows saving the parameter value (retentive), when it is used in some blocks (PLC, Calculations and Transfers) on power down; Configuration parameter that allows modification with the motor running. Those configurations can be transferred to the CFW-11 with the Download button. 31

32 View User Parameter Configuration Page Menu Insert Page Before: Inserts a new page before the current page. Insert Page After: Inserts a new page after the current page. Delete Page: Deletes the current page from the project. Previous Page: Goes to the previous page. Next Page: Goes to the next page. Go to Page: Goes to the selected page through a Box that will open on the screen. 32

33 Insert Menu Select: Enables mouse with the pointer function used to mark edition areas and modify parameters of the ladder blocks. Delete Element: Enables mouse with the function of deleting elements already inserted in the ladder edition area. Comment: Enables mouse with the function of inserting comments in the ladder edition area. Connection: Submenu to insert connections among ladder components. Contacts: Submenu to insert contacts in the ladder edition area. Coils: Submenu to insert coils in the ladder edition area. Function Blocks: Submenu to insert function blocks in the ladder edition area. Build Menu Compile: Compiles the current project by checking errors and generating the binary code that can be downloaded to the VSD in the future. 33

34 Communication Menu Download : Download user s program and/or user Parameters to the VSD. Upload : Uploads function/units of the programmable parameters from the VSD. On-line Monitoring: Activates/Deactivates on-line monitoring of the ladder program. Monitoring Variable: Opens/Closes box for variable monitoring. Trend Variables: Opens/Closes Box for graphic monitoring of variables through trend (trend graph). Monitoring Input/output: Opens/Closes Box for monitoring digital input and outputs. Parameter Table: Opens Box for reading/writing the values of the board parameters. Config Serial: Opens box for configuring the serial communication between the PC and board. Help Menu In this menu, you can find all the functions related to the help of the WLP software, according to; Contents: Displays help topics of the WLP software. About WLP: Displays information related to the WLP software. 34

35 Creating a New Project Practical 1. Click on Project New 2. Define the project name 3. Configure the equipment and the respective firmware version 4. Click on the "OK" button. Thus, the new project will be created blank and with only one page. In this example, the Tutor1 project was created. In the path where the WLP projects are saved C:\WEG\WLP VX.YZ\Projects, a folder was automatically created with the name of the new project Tutor1, according to next figure. Opening a existing Project 1. Click on Project Open Practical This folder contains all the information and configurations that belong to the project. When it is necessary either to copy the project to another computer or to save a safety copy, one should copy this folder to a new target. 2. Close Project list after viewing. 35

36 Practical 1. Click on Project Properties It allows the user to redefine the equipment and the firmware version. In this box it is also configured whether or not the project will have upload password. 2. Close Project list after viewing. Practical Creating a Program in Ladder 36

37 Practical Creating a Program in Ladder With a new blank project created and all the environment functionalities known, one can create the program in ladder 1 - Select function insert contact Normally Opened 2 Take the cursor up to the cell of line 0 and column 0 3 Click this cell with the mouse 4 Press the ESC key or select the pointer function Practical Creating a Program in Ladder 5 Double click the contact. The following box will be displayed In this box, the type of address used by the contact is defined. This is the contact property box, one can redefine the type of contact in it, according to next figure. In this box, the type of address used by the contact is also defined, Figure Type of address. 37

38 Creating a Program in Ladder Practical Once the type of address is defined, one should define the address itself. Each type has a valid address range, which is always displayed in its property box. In this box, one defines either the Tag or symbol of the address as well as a description about the address in question When clicking on OK, this Tag will be saved in the Project and it will be used in all places where the address in question is. The Tag button changes and an asterisk is displayed at the front ( *Tag ) indicating that the address in question already has a defined Tag. Creating a Program in Ladder Practical If the Tag is not displayed on screen, click on the Tag/Address button in the Display menu. Then, the contact name will appear 6 Select insert coil function. 7 Go to the cell of line 0 and column 9 with the cursor. 8 Click this cell with the mouse. 9 Press the ESC key or select the pointer function. 38

39 Practical Do the same way as with the input, previously described on step (6), with the Tag = Output_1 and description = Energize the run contactor according to above. 10 To connect digital input 1 with digital output 1, select insert horizontal connection. Practical 11 At this stage, one should compile the program. For such, click on the compile button. During the compilation, the compilation status box will be displayed, indicating the compilation process. After the compilation, another box will be displayed, indicating if some compilation error was generated. 39

40 Example of Compilation Error If there is any edition error in the program, they will be displayed during the compilation. For example, if a horizontal connection is missing, the following compilation error will be displayed in the compilation. The errors generated were the following: c:\weg\wlp v4.01\projects\tutor1\tutor1.ldd (Page 01, Ln 00, Col 09) :Warning C201 : element is not connected to the left. c:\weg\wlp v4.01\projects\tutor1\tutor1.ldd (Page 01, Ln 00, Col 00) :Warning C203 : logic incomplete. Page, Line and column where the error was found are always displayed. If option Error location of the Display menu is enabled, the cell where the error is will have a red border Communicating With The Drive 40

41 Practical Communication Configuration The USB port is used for the CFW-11. Therefore, the USB driver must be installed. The driver is found in the DRIVER_USB folder, inside the WLP V7.2X. Communicating With Drive Practical 1. Connect the comms cable to the USB port at the front Panel of the VSD 2. Configure the serial communication by selecting the USB port. (Shift+F8) or under Menu-Communication-Configurations. 3. Transfer the program (F8) or under Menu-Communication Transfer User Program. 41

42 Practical 4. Click on the OK button to transfer the program It displays the target equipment connected via serial; the file s name to be transferred as well as the date and time it was compiled. The transfer will be started. It should be very clear that during the program transference the board will not be active, thus not executing any program. If there are linked outputs or the converter is enabled, They will be unlinked and the converter will be disabled. If the transfer was successfully, the board will start executing the new user s program. Practical Communication Download This command allows downloading the applicative and/or the user parameter configurations to the CFW

43 Practical Construct Compile It analyses the applicative and generates the code for the specified equipment. Practical Monitoring the Program Online Monitor (F9) Monitor Variables (ShiftF9) Monitor Inputs/Outputs (Alt+F9) Monitor Parameters (Ctrl+Alt+F9) Note: Parameter P1001 SoftPLC Command of the drive has 3 options for the user s program. 0:Stop; 1:Run and 2:Delete program. Choose option 1:Run and monitor P1000 SoftPLC Status. With the program running, it can be monitored on the computer s screen by pressing the on-line monitoring button. At this moment, the WLP will try to establish communication with the VSD by testing the serial communication. If there is no, communication problem, it will be displayed on the program s status bar. 43

44 Monitoring the Program Practical Toggle button Can also Insert numerical values The internal input/output monitoring box can also be used through the button according to above figure. It indicates the same thing as ladder monitoring, that is, when activating input 1, output 1 will also be activated. Monitoring the Program Practical The digital input/output monitoring box can also be used through the button according to above figure. It indicates the same thing as ladder monitoring, that is, when activating digital input 1, digital output 1 will also be activated. 44

45 Binary Digit(Bit) Logic Contacts / Inputs Normally Open Contact (NO CONTACT) %MX: Bit Marker %IX: Digital Input %QX: Digital Output %UW: User Parameter %SX: System Bit Marker - Reading 45

46 Contacts / Inputs Normally Close Contact (NC CONTACT) %MX: Bit Marker %IX: Digital Input %QX: Digital Output %UW: User Parameter %SX: System Bit Marker - Reading AND Logic with Contacts When the contacts are in series, an AND logic is executed among them, storing the result in the stack. 46

47 OR Logic with Contacts When the contacts are in parallel, an OR logic is executed among them, storing the result in the stack. Coils / Outputs Coil %MX: Bit Marker %QX: Digital Output %UW: User Parameter %SX: System Bit Marker Writing 47

48 Coils / Outputs Negated Coil (Inverter) %MX: Bit Marker %QX: Digital Output %UW: User Parameter %SX: System Bit Marker Writing Coils / Outputs The data type may be: Bit marker Digital output User parameter Set Coil If UW801 and the Dig-out 1 of the drive are 1, or the Dig-in 1 is 1 and UW800 is 0, its sets Dig-out 1 and maintain it 48

49 Coils / Outputs Resets Coil The data type may be: Bit marker Digital output User parameter Coils / Outputs The data type may be: Bit marker Digital output User parameter Positive Transition Coil 49

50 Coils / Outputs The data type may be: Bit marker Digital output User parameter Negative Transition Coil Movement Blocks 50

51 Speed and/or Torque Reference REF Movement Blocks Menu: Insert - Function Blocks - Movement REF EN: Enables the block ENO: Goes to 1 when EN 0 and without error. Properties: MODE: 0 = Speed mode, 1= Torque mode SPEED: Speed reference [RPM or13 Bits] TORQUE: Torque reference [13 Bits] In the example above, if the EN input is active and the digital input 1 off, then the block will generate a speed reference according to the user parameter 1010 in the 13 bit unit. If there is no error (e.g., disabled inverter), the ENO output goes to 1. Create new Project and call it REF Example Practical Example In the example above, if the EN input is active and the Gen Enable 1, then the block will generate a speed reference according to the user parameter 1011 in the 13 bit unit. (Can choose RPM) 51

52 Information To monitor values in another numbering system Main Menu ; Communicate enter Config Online Monitor enter Choose numbering system (ex: Binary) PLC Blocks 52

53 PLC BLOCKS Timer TON Menu: Insert - Function Blocks PLC-TON. Input: IN: Enables the block. Output: Q: Goes to 1 when IN 0 and ET PT. Properties: PT: Preset Time.(max value of minutes) ET: Elapsed Time. In the example above, if the IN input is active and the content of the word marker 8000 is higher or equal than the content of the user parameter P1010, the output Q is set. Create new Project and call it Timer Example Practical Example In the example above, if the IN input is active and the content of the word marker 8000 is higher or equal than the content of the PT, the output Q is set. 53

54 PLC BLOCKS Real Time Clock RTC Menu: Insert - Function Blocks - CLP - RTC EN: Enables the block Q: Goes to 1 when EN 0 and the current time is greater than the turning on time and less then the turning off time. Properties: WEEK: Week days H-T.ON: Turning on hour M-T.ON: Turning on minute S-T.ON: Turning on second H-T.OFF: Turning off hour M-T.OFF: Turning off minute S-T.OFF: Turning off second Q_OPT: 0: Normal Q output, 1: Inverted Q output ON_ERROR: 0: Generates A700 alarm, 1: Generates F701 fault ERROR: Goes to 1 when there is an error in the block. PLC BLOCKS Incremental Counter Menu: Insert - Function Blocks PLC-CTU. Inputs: CU: Captures the transitions from 0 to 1 at this input (Counter Up). R: Resets CV. Output: Q: Goes to 1 when CV PV. Properties: PV: Preset Value.(Max 65535) CV: Counter Value. Ex: If the content of the word marker 8001 is higher or equal than 20, the output Q is set. 54

55 Practical Example Create a new Project and call it Counter Example Ex: If the content of the word marker 8000 is higher or equal than 5, the output Q is set. The Counter can be reset with the reset contact MX 5002 PLC BLOCKS PID Controller Menu: Insert - Function Blocks PLC-PID. Inputs: EN: Enables the block. Output: ENO: EN Input image. Properties: SELREF: Automatic/manual reference. REF: Automatic reference. δref: Automatic reference filter time constant. REFMANUAL: Manual reference. FEEDBACK: Process feedback. KP: Proportional gain. KI: Integral gain. KD: Derivative gain. MAX: Maximum output value. MIN: Minimum output value. TYPE: Academic/parallel. OPT: Direct/reverse. TS: Sampling Time. OUT: Controller output. 55

56 PLC BLOCKS PID Controller If the EN input is active, the controller starts its operation. The content of the user parameter P1010 selects the reference that is active, i.e., whether it is %MF9001 (automatic reference) or the %MF9002 (manual reference). There is a 0.05s filter for the automatic reference. Since the derivative gain is fixed in 0, this indicates that the PID was converter into a PI. The control output OUT, %MF9004, has the max and min limits of 100 and PLC BLOCKS Low-pass or High-pass Filter FILTER Menu: Insert - Function Blocks PLC-FILTER. EN: Enables the block. ENO: This is a copy of the value of the EN input. Properties: IN: Input data. TIME CONST: Filter time constant. TYPE: Low-pass/High-pass. TS: Sampling time. OUT: Input data filtered value. In the example above, if the EN input is active, the content of %MF9000 will be filtered with a time constant of 0.25s by means of a low-pass filter and will be transferred to %MF

57 Calculation Blocks Calculation Blocks Comparator COMP Menu: Insert - Function Blocks Calculation-COMP. EN: Enables the block. ENO: Goes to 1 when the comparison condition is fulfilled. Properties: FORMAT: Integer or floating point. DATA 1: Comparison data 1. OPERATOR: Comparison operator. DATA 2: Comparison data 2. If the EN input is active and the content of the float marker 9000 is higher than the content of the float marker 9001, then the output ENO is set. If the FORMAT is integer, all the numeric data are considered words of 15 bits + sign ( to 32767). 57

58 Calculation Blocks Comparator COMP Operations Practical Example Create a new Project and call it Compare Example If the EN input is active and the content of Data 1 is higher than the content of the Data 2, then the output ENO is set. If the FORMAT is integer, all the numeric data are considered words of 15 bits + sign ( to 32767). 58

59 Calculation Blocks Math Operation MATH Menu: Insert - Function Blocks Calculation-MATH. Input: EN: Enables the block. Output: ENO: Indicates if the calculation has been executed. Properties: FORMAT: Integer or floating point. DATA1: Calculation data 1. It may also appear as DATA1H and DATA1L (representing the high and low parts of the data 1). OPERATOR: Mathematic operator (+, -, *, etc). DATA2: Calculation data 2. It may also appear as DATA2H and DATA2L (representing the high and low parts of the data 2). RES: Calculation result. It may also appear as RESH and RESL (representing the high and low parts of the result) and also as QUOC and REM (representing the quotient and the reminder of a division). OVER: Indicates if the result exceeded its limit. SIGNAL: Result sign. If the EN is active, the value of %MW8000 is incremented at each scan cycle. When %MX 5000 goes to 1, it indicates overflow and %MW8000 remains in Practical Example Create a new Project and call it Math Example DATA1: It may also appear as DATA1H and DATA1L (the high and low parts of the data 1). OPERATOR: Mathematic operator (+, -, *, etc). DATA2: It may also appear as DATA2H and DATA2L (the high and low parts of the data 2). RES: Calculation result. It may also appear as RESH and RESL (the high and low parts of the result) and also as QUOC and REM (the quotient and the reminder of a division). OVER: Indicates if the result exceeded its limit. SIGNAL: Result sign. 59

60 Calculation Blocks Math Function FUNC Menu: Insert - Function Blocks Calculation-FUNC. EN: Enables the block. ENO: Indicates if the calculation has been executed. Properties: FORMAT: Integer or floating point. IN: Data to be calculated. FUNCTION: Mathematic function (sin, cos, etc). OUT: Calculation result. If the EN input is active, %MF9001 presents the result of the %MF9000 sine calculation If the FORMAT is integer, all the numeric data are considered words of 15 bits + sign ( to 32767). Practical Example Create a new Project and call it FUNC Example During the transition from 0 to 1 at the input, the square root is calculated from the value contained in the %MF9000, which is 10, and the result is saved in the %MF

61 Calculation Blocks Menu: Insert - Function Blocks Calculation-SAT. EN: Enables the block. ENO: Indicates if saturation has occurred, if EN 0. Properties: FORMAT: Integer or floating point. IN: Input data. MAX: Maximum allowed value. MIN: Minimum allowed value. OUT: Output data. When the EN input is active, the %MW 8000 contains the user parameter P1010 value, limited however, between the maximum of 100 and the minimum of If the MIN value is higher than the MAX, the outputs OUT and ENO are reset to zero. If the FORMAT is integer, all the numeric data are considered words of 15 bits + sign ( to 32767). Practical Example Create a new Project and call it SAT Example The value contained at the input of the SAT Block is transferred to %MW8002. The value read at the analog input is a value between 0 and The SAT block causes that the %MW8002 stays between 0 and 1000 even if the input value exceeds a

62 Transfer Blocks Transfer Blocks Data Transfer TRANSFER Menu: Insert - Function Blocks- Transfer-TRANSFER. EN: Enables the block. ENO: Indicates that the transfer has been done. Properties: SRC: Source data. DST: Destination data. If the EN input is active, the word constant 1 is transferred to %SX3001 (general enable). 62

63 Transfer Blocks Data Transfer TRANSFER The source data type may be: Constant Float constant Bit marker Word marker Floatmarker Systemmarker Digital input Digital output Analog input Analog output User parameter System parameter Drive parameter Reading word Writing word Reading byte Writing byte Status reading word Command writing word The destination data type may be: Bit marker Wordmarker Floatmarker Systemmarker Digital output Analog output User parameter System parameter Drive parameter Writing word Writing byte Command writing word Practical Example Create a new Project and call it TRANSFER Example The value contained at the analog input of the block is transferred to the %MW8000 which is then converted to %MW8001. The value read at the analog input is a value between 0 and The SAT block causes that %MW8002 stays between 0 and 1000, which is then transferred to Drive P121 63

64 Transfer Blocks Conversion from Integer (16 bit) to Floating Point INT2FL Menu: Insert - Function Blocks- Transfer -INT2FL. EN: Enables the block. ENO: Indicates that the transfer has been done. Properties: INT: Integer data. FLOAT: Data converted into floating point. In the example above, if the EN input is active, the content of the word marker 8153 (taking into account its sign) is converted into floating point to the float marker INT is treated as a word of 15 bit + sign ( to 32767). Transfer Blocks Conversion from Floating Point to Integer (16 bit) FL2INT Menu: Insert - Function Blocks- Transfer -FL2INT. EN: Enables the block. ENO: Indicates that the transfer has been done. Properties: FLOAT: Floating point data. INT: Data converted into integer. In the example above, if the EN input is active, the float constant 4.54 x 10⁴ is converted into an integer with sign via the %MW8000. However, after the conversion %MW8000 will remain with the value of 32767, because this is the positive limit of a word. 64

65 Practical Example Create a new Project and call it Conversion Example During the transition from 0 to 1 at the digital input 1, the user parameters P1011 are converted to float and put into %MF9000. Then the square root is calculated from the value contained in %MF9000 and the result is saved in %MF9001. The value of %MF9001 is then converted to integer and put into the user parameters P1012 Transfer Blocks User Fault or Alarm Generator USERERR Menu: Insert - Function Blocks - Transfer USERERR EN: Enables the block ENO: It indicates 1 when EN = 1 and the alarm or error has been effectively generated. Properties: CODE: Alarm or fault code TYPE: 0: Generates alarm, 1: Generates fault TEXTL1: HMI line 1 text TEXTL2: HMI line 2 text In the example above, if the EN input is active, then A750 with the text Low Pressure will appear on the HMI. If the block is configured for Fault, then it will be necessary to reset the drive in order to be able to enable it again. 65

66 Practical Example Create a new Project and call it USERERR Example When the bit marker %MX5001 is 1, the alarm 750 will be generated at the drive HMI with the message Fan 1 Overload. Transfer Blocks Indirect Data Transfer IDATA Menu: Insert - Function Blocks- Transfer -IDATA. EN: Enables the block. ENO: Indicates that the transfer has been done. Properties: CMD: Read/Write command DATATYPE: Data type ADDRESS: User address. VALUE: Read content/value to be written If the EN input is active, the content of %MX5000 is written to the digital output whose address is the content of %MW

67 Practical Example Create a new Project and call it IDATA Example P125 in P1011 Value=250 When the block is enabled and you select Drive Parameter as DATATYPE, the value of the Parameter select in P1011 will be the output Ex. P125 has a value of 250 Transfer Blocks Multiplexer MUX Menu: Insert - Function Blocks - Transfer MUX EN: Enables the mathematic operation. ENO: Indicates that the transfer has been done. Properties: X0-X15: Binary data vector. W: Resulting word. When the EN input is active, the digital inputs 1, 2 and 3 transfer their content to the bits 0, 1 and 2 of the user parameter P

68 Transfer Blocks Demultiplexer DMUX Menu: Insert - Function Blocks - Transfer DMUX EN: Enables the mathematic operation. ENO: Indicates that the transfer has been done. Properties: W: Source word. X0-X15: Resulting binary data vector. When the EN input is active, the bits 1, 2, 5, 6, 11, 13 and 15 of %MW8000 are transferred respectively to %MX5001, 5002, 5005, 5006, 5011, 5013 and Practical Example Create a new Project and call it Demultiplexer Example The Timer output bits which is the input to the DEMUX, which will accordingly switch bits 0 to 15. The word value was shared and transfer to the 16 outputs bits. 68

69 Faults, Alarms, and Possible Causes To Upload an Existing Project 69

70 Communication Upload Communication Upload This command makes it possible to upload and open the applicative that is installed in the CFW-11, provided that the password is valid, if enabled. END of Theory 70

71 Practical Tasks Task 1 1. Enable Drive using Bit Marker %MX:5000 and Bit System Marker %SX:3001 (General Enabled) 2. Start Drive by using the next Bit Marker and choose appropriate Bit System Marker. 3. Use keypad to adjust speed on local setting (Min=100; Max=1500) 4. Make sure if you want to backup the speed (P120) 5. Display Motor-Volts on line1; RPM on line 2; Hz on line 3 on keypad 6. Test the Start and Stop function by using the Soft Toggle button 7. Rename the inputs to Gen_Enable and Start _Stop 8. Switch Tag/Address on and of to Test.(Standard Bar) 71

72 Task 2 1. Enable Drive as previously 2. Start and Stop Drive by using Set and Reset Coils (name them Start and Stop) 3. Use Ref block to control the Drive speed and set it to RPM 4. Use P1011 to adjust the speed and Name it Speed_Ref 5. Setup Drive accordingly 6. Notice that you cannot adjust speed via software but only on keypad once you entered parameter P Put in a comment that Speed Control is via REF block Task 3 1. Enable Drive 2. Use 1 pushbutton to start and stop the Drive (Push once for Start, push again for Stop) 3. Use Soft-PLC for speed reference and adjust speed from Soft-PLC parameter P1011(REF Block) 4. Limit the min and max speeds by using SAT block 5. Compare the max speeds by using Comp block. If speed exceeds 800RPM then output RL_1 must flash at 1hz by using Timers. 6. Insert the necessary comments 72

73 Task 4 1. Enable Drive 2. Start Drive using latching contact (pushbutton action) and run Forward for 10 seconds then auto stop.(fail safe Start/Stop) 3. Auto reverse for 7 seconds 4. Repeat 5 times, then auto stop the drive 5. Use SoftPLC for speed reference be-able to adjust speed from SoftPLC parameter P1011 Task 5 1. Enable Drive 2. Program and simulate a gate motor 3. Press pushbutton once, gate opens fast for 10 seconds, 800 RPM (forward) then slows down to 200 RPM for 4 seconds, then stop. 4. Gate close automatically after 5 seconds. Gate closes fast for 10 seconds, 800 RPM (reverse) then slows down to 200 RPM until stop limit command. (Simulate gate close with a input to stop the motor) 73