medioaqtivta saqceo sistemis saopozicio calebis zogierti gramatikuli da semantikuri Taviseburebis Sesaxeb

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1 iberiul-kavkasiuri enatmecniereba XXXVI 2008 murman suxis medioaqtivta saqceo sistemis saopozicio calebis zogierti gramatikuli da semantikuri Taviseburebis Sesaxeb Cvens samecniero literaturasi cnobilia Tvalsazrisi gardauval zmnebsi saqceo sistemis funqcionirebis `sxvagvarobis~ (SaniZe 1973, 339), `Taviseburi vitarebis~ (Ciqobava 1950, 058) Sesaxeb. sxvagvaroba-taviseburebasi is igulisxmeba, rom Tu saobieqto qceva kutvnileba-danisnulebis mimartebas gardamaval zmnebsi obieqtebs (pirdapirsa da iribs) Soris afiqsirebs, gardauval zmnebsi ase- Tive mimarteba ukve subieqtsa da obieqts (irib obieqts) Sorisaa realizebuli da, amdenad, termini saobieqto araadekvaturi Cans. am sxvaobit ar icrdileba qcevis, Cvens SemTxvevaSi, saobieqto qcevis kategoriis zogadi, kutvnileba-danisnulebis, mnisvneloba _ irib obieqts ganekutvneba pirdapiri obieqti gardamaval zmnebsi da subieqti _ gardauval zmnebsi, e.i. gardamaval da gardauval zmnebsi sairibobieqto qceva gvaqvs. sxva TvalsazrisiT: gardauval zmnebsi saobieqto xmovani prefiqsebis danisnuleba iribi obieqtis gamoxatvaa da ara kutvnileba-danisnulebisa (oniani 2003, 127). gardauval zmnebsi qcevis kategoriis dasvebis sawinaagmdego argumentebi _ a) sxvaoba gamoxatulebis plansi (gardamaval zmnebsi samwevriani opozicia _ gardauvalebsi orwevriani) da, aqedan gamomdinare, b) sxvaoba Sinaarsis plansi, g) ertpiriani, neitraluri qcevis gamomxatveli wevris morfologiur saopozicio calad micnevis araadekvaturoba (ertpirian zmnasi kutvnilebiti mimarteba ver ganxorcieldeba), (oniani 2003, ) _ vfiqrob, obieqturia, magram axsnas eqvemdebareba, kerzod: sxvaoba gamoxatulebisa da Sinaarsis planisa gardamavali da gardauvali zmnebis saqceo sistemebsi gapirobebulia ergatiulobis zogadi wesis realizaciit saqceo sistemasi: gardamaval zmnebsi gamovlenili xmovani prefiqsebi pirdapir obieqts ukavsirdeba da saobieqto qcevasi pirdapiri obieqtis iribi obieqtisadmi gankutvnebas gamoxatavs; gardauval zmnebsi, konversiis meqanizmis Sesabamisad, es xmovani prefiqsebi subieqtis iribi obieqtisadmi analogiur mimar-

2 medioaqtivta saqceo sistemis saopozicio calebis zogierti gramatikuli Tebas afiqsireben (suxis 2000, 203); gasatvaliswinebelia isic, rom qceva sitkvawarmoebiti kategoriaa, `es nisnavs, rom neitralur (qcevis TvalsazrisiT) zmnebs, SeiZleba amoudges gverdit saobieqto qcevis zmnebi: dgas _ udgas, dgams _ udgams, wadgeba _ waudgeba da sxv. (focxua 1974, 109). amis garesec: kutvnileba-danisnulebis semantika gardauval zmnata saobieqto calebis did nawilsi sakmaod TvalsaCinoa da am semantikas mati saleqsikono ganmartebis semantikuri perifrazirebac warmoacens: u-berd-eb-a _ berdeba m i s i, beberi, moxuci uxdeba, u-bneld-eb-a _ bneldeba misi an mistvis..., u-brwkin-av-s _ brwkinavs misi, uelvarebs, ubrykvialebs, u-gav-s _ hgavs misi, emsgavseba, u-el-av-s _ 1. elavs misi, ubrwkinavs swrafad uvlis (azri, fiqri, warmodgena...), u-trt-i-s _ TrTis misi da a.s. (JorbenaZe 1983, ). kutvnilebastan ertad, rogorc vxedavt, es formebi arakutvnilebit semantikasac gamoxataven: uelavs `elavs misi~ da `xsirad uvlis (azri, fiqri, warmodgena...)~. gardauval zmnata nawili saobieqto qcevis formasi ar gamoxatavs kutvnileba-danisnulebis mnisvnelobas (u-alers-eb-s _ alersit epkroba, ealerseba, efereba, u-bizg-eb-s _ xels, mxars wahkravs... bizgs azlevs, aqezebs, xels uwkobs; u-lawun-eb-s _ lawunit urtkams, u- mklav-d-eb-a _ winaagmdegobas uwevs, satanadod uxvdeba, igeriebs (mters), umagrdeba; u-kef-s _ Kefs visime an risame winase, KefiT utevs, hkefs... es Tanabrad exeba gardamaval da gardauval zmnasac (JorbenaZe 1983, ). aqedan ki is daskvna ketdeba, rom gramatikuli (am SemTxvevaSi: sitkvawarmoebiti) ertgvarovneba ar gulisxmobs semantikur ertgvarovnebas. ama Tu im formis `semantikuri raoba ki Ti- Toeul SemTxvevaSi calke aris dasadgeni~ (focxua 1974, ). winamdebare statiasi medioaqtiur zmnata saqceo sistemis zogiert gramatikul da semantikur Taviseburebas SevexebiT. sasuali gvaris zmnatagan Zvel qartulsi qcevis TvalsazrisiT medioaqtiuri tipis saopozicio wkvilebi arctu bevri dasturdeba (drt navs _ u-drt navs, zrunavs _ u-zrunavs, mzirin _ u-mzirin, wamwamebn _ u-wamwamebn...) da satanado rigis faqtebi Jerac mosaziebelia. saertod, masalis mixedvit, Zvelidan axali qartulisaken, sasuali gvaris zmnebsi saqceo sistemis CamoKalibebis tendencia ufro ikveteba (suxis 2005, ). aset zmnebs, mediopasivebisa da statikuri vnebitebisagan gansxvavebit, qcevis mxolod ori forma SeiZleba hqondes _ neitraluri (saarviso) da saobieqto (sasxviso). es medioaqtiuri formebi sakmao raodenobit gvxvdeba rogorc sasual, aseve _ axal qartulsi. saobieqto qcevis formata xmareba, Cveulebriv, awmkos wris mwkrivebit aris Semo-

3 194 m. suxis fargluli: `tani sicivisagan, vita cxroansa utrtoda~ (visr. 271, 18) `ogond cota KelSi suli ufetqda~ (rusud. 468, 29) `esmoda ramins sitkvebi da guli uzagzagebda~ (arcili I, 202, ) `sadac syirs kacsa sikete, samkvidrod is ugelavsa~ (vaxtang VI, 23) `rad ar gicinian piri~ (guramis 298, 1-3)... saobieqto qcevis semantika dasaxelebul medialur zmnebsi subieqtis iribi obieqtisadmi kutvnilebas gamoxatavs, Tumca KovelTvis ara. Sdr., `Kma saxel-debit ukivis (`vefx.~ 870,3), `romelsa Kovelni gizrwian da KovelTa xelmwife xar~ (`rusud.~, 54,4)... kutvnilebi- Tobis semantika (`aqvs~, `hkavs~) ucant axal qartulsi medioaqtivta sasxviso qcevis formebsi martivfuzian, -i, -av, -eb TemisniSnian zmnebs, _ ertgvar gamonakliss qmnian -ob sufiqsiani medioaqtivebi. Sdr.: martivfuzianebi: dug-s _ udug-s, wux-s _ uwux-s, fetq-s _ u-fetq-s... -i TemisniSnianebi: qr-i-s _ u-qr-i-s, ykav-i-s _ u-ykav-i-s, xt-i-s _ u-xt-i-s... -av TemisniSnianebi: brwkin-av-s _ u-brwkin-av-s, frin-av-s _ u-frin-av-s, Gel-av-s _ u-gel-av-s... -eb TemisniSnianebi: fancqal-eb-s _ u-fancqal-eb-s, caxcaxeb-s _ u-caxcax-eb-s, cimcim-eb-s _ u-cimcim-eb-s da a.s. markirebuli wevrit gamoxatuli kutvnileba ufro mqoneblobis Sinaarss gadmogvcems (`aqvs~, `hkavs~) da saobieqto qcevis medioaqtivebi, iseve rogorc mediopasivebi da statikurebi, struqturulad `qona- Kolis~ zmnebs utanabrdebian, e.i. inversiulebi arian. es kutvnilebitoba, subieqtis satanado referentebis mixedvit, realizdeba 1. rogorc organuli kutvnileba nawilisa mtelis mimart: tani utrtis, guli uzagzagebs, piri ucinis... mas da mist. enobrivi Semoqmedeba am kutxit usazgvroa, mag.: `mteli sxeuli uwkrialebda~ (uiarago, II, 494)., `kargi esmaki xar, frtebiani, ogond kudi gikviris~ (koberize 160) da sxv. 2. rogorc Cveulebrivi kutvnileba: `ra qnas martokam, ukvnesis moxuci dedamtilica~ (eristavi, I, 189), `ert patara qvabsi... borsis narceni utuxtuxebt, es aris da es mteli sasadilos avladideba~ (`komunisti~, 1984, #144 (17787), 1)... erti da igive zmna SeiZleba kutvnilebis orive JgufSi warmogvidges: `kargi xasxasa moli gvibibinebda ezoebsi~ (docanas, `saqme~, 178) _ `ajejilebuli ulvasebic koxtad ubibinebda (Sengelaia, I, 318)... Tumca, rasac

4 medioaqtivta saqceo sistemis saopozicio calebis zogierti gramatikuli zemot agvnisnavt, es Kvela medioaqtivs ar exeba. zogierti medioaqtiuri zmna saobieqto qcevasi mxolod subieqtisa da iribi obieqtis mimartebas agnisnavs da kutvnilebis semantikas ar gamoxatavs. medioaqtivta es araertgvarovani semantika mat gramatikul statuszec aisaxeba. qcevis saopozicio calebi medioaqtiur zmnata am nawilsi, erti SexedviT, ertmanets mxolod pirianobis (absoluturi : relatiuri) mixedvit upirispirdebian; saopozicio calebs uketdebat II seriis formebic: Kefs _ ikefa man : u-kefs _ u-kefa man mas, Kviris _ ikvira man; u-kviris _ u-kvira man mas... sxva sakitxia, II seriis formebi sa- Tanado aqtivebidan aris nasesxebi (SaniZe 1973, ), Tu istoriulad medioaqtiur zmnata sruli paradigmis organuli formebia (noza- Ze 1974, 25-51, meliqis 2001, 85). es orpiriani medioaqtivebi (ukefs, ukviris...) TavianTi ZiriTadi mnisvnelobit kutvnilebadanisnulebis semantikas ar gamoxataven, an TvalsaCinod ar gamoxataven: u-kef-s : Kefs visime an risame winase, _ KefiT utevs, hkefs... u-kvir-i-s : Kviris mis gasagonad, KviriliT xmamagla uzaxis... u-gim-i-s : igimeba mis dasanaxavad, GimiliT Sescqeris... u-cin-i-s : 1. icinis mistvis, mis dasanaxavad, _ Sescinis da sxv. (qegl, 1960, VI). es ganmartebebi amowmeben, rom dasaxelebul relatiur formebsi zmnit gamoxatuli moqmedebis gankutvnebis, danisnulebis semantika er- Tgvarad mainc dacndeba: ukviris `Kviris mis gasagonad~, ugimis `igimeba mis dasanaxavad~, ucinis `icinis mistvis, mis dasanaxavad~... amastan ertad, aseti formebi garkveul konteqstebsi kutvnilebis semantikasac mkafiod afiqsireben, mag., ucinis formas kutvnilebis mnisvnelobac udasturdeba da es mnisvneloba qeglsiac aris asaxuli: u-cin-i-s icinis, sicils gamoxatavs m i s i (saxe, Tvalebi) [luarsabs] saxe mudam ucinoda xolme (ilia), u-gim-i-s igimeba misi... mamacemi da dedacemi Kvelas Tavs ukraven, piri ugimit (ek. gab.) qegl VI, anda : `kargi esmaki xar, frtebiani, ogond kudi gikviris (koberize, 1989, 160). medioaqtivta saobieqto formebsi kutvnilebitobis semantikis (`aqvs~, `hkavs~) wamowevastan ertad icvleba satanado zmnata sintaqsic: ucinis is mas > ucinis mas is (saxe)... da es mnisvnelobacvlili formebi ukve im medioaqtivta rigsi dgebian, romelta saopozicio calebi ertmanets upirispirdebian ara mxolod pirianobit (absoluturi : relatiuri), aramed qcevis gramatikuli mnisvnelobitac (neitaluri : saobieqto), gramatikuli subieqtebis aqtiurobis gansxvavebuli xarisxit (wuxs is : uwuxs is mas...), semantikuri gadawevis (uwuxs mas is)

5 196 m. suxis Sedegad realizebuli inversiuli sintaqsit da ugvlilebis paradigmi- Tac: ertpirian, neitraluri qcevis formebs ugvlilebis sruli paradigma aqvs (wuxs is... _ iwuxa man... _ uwuxia mas...), orpiriani saobieqto qcevis formata xmareba ki, Cveulebriv, awmkos wris mwkrivebit aris Semofargluli (uwuxs, uwuxda, uwuxdes mas is), II seriis formebi mat ar uketdebat (SaniZe 1973, 342). am faqtobrivi vitarebidan amosvlit, Cvens samecniero literatirasi migebuli kriteriumis mixedvit, albat gansxvavebuladac SeiZleba gadawkdes am Jgufis medioaqtiuri zmnebis saqceo sistemis saopozicio calebis gramatikuli statusis sakitxi: neitraluri qcevis formebi (wuxs is _ iwuxa man...) medioaqtivad dakvalificirdeba, saobieqto qcevisa (uwuxs mas is) _ mediopasivebad an statikurebad: qceva sitkvawarmoebiti (warmoqmnis) kategoriaa da ucveulo aset gadawkvetasi araferi iqneba. Tumca arc is unda daviviwkot, rom medioaqtiur zmnata erti nawili aqtiurtan ertad mdgomareobis semantikasac (`aris~, da `aqvs~) gamoxatavs da ara mxolod saobieqto qcevis formebsi: bgav-i-s: `Cems karze erti otxfexi pirutkvi ara bgavis~ (q. s. Zeg. VII, 748, 749) trialeb-s: `erti weliwadi SenTan ertad qartvel sazogadoebasi vtrialeb~ (aragvispireli, II, 67) da sxv. medioaqtiur zmnebsi gamoxatuli mdgomareobis, mkofobis mnisvneloba garceulia qegl-sic satanado medioaqtivebis ganmartebisas: elav-s... elva anatebs, elva aris... (qegl III) valaleb-s... valalsia... (qegl IV) mousvenrob-s... mousvenrad aris... (qegl V) wux-s... wuxilit aris SepKrobili (qegl VIII). bunebrivia, rom saobieqto qcevis formebsi (Tuki es formebi eqnebat) aseti semantikis medioaqtivebs `aqvs~, `hkavs~ zmnis mnisvnelobebi daudasturdet: (ubgavis, utrialebs, uelavs, uwuxs... mas is). `qartuli enis ganmartebiti leqsikonis~ mixedvit, pasiuri formebi medioaqtiuri zmnebis isetive srulfasovani monacvleebi arian ugvlilebis formata warmoebisas, rogorc aqtiuri formebi, Sdr.: nebivrob-s (iken. inebivra, unebivria da ganebivrda, ganebivrebula) qegl V. am zmnis saleqsikono ganmarteba _ `nebierad aris, ganebivrebulia, _ gancxromasia~ maincdamainc aqtiur semantikas ar unda gamoxatavdes; Sdr., agretve, sxva sinonimuri rigis, medioaqtivta ganmartebebi: wux-s _ `wuxilit aris SepKrobili, _ nagvlobs~..., nagvlob-s _ `nagveli aqvs, dardobs, wuxs~, dardob-s _ `dardi aqvs, _ nagvlobs, wuxs~ da a.s. qeglis mixedvit, dasaxelebul

6 medioaqtivta saqceo sistemis saopozicio calebis zogierti gramatikuli zmnatagan mxolod nebivrobs formas aqvs II seriasi paraleluri (inebivra ganebivrda) warmoeba, danarcenebs II seriasi mxolod medioaqtiuri tipis paradigma udasturdeba: wux-s _ i-wux-a, nagvlobs _ i-nagvl-a, dardob-s _ i-dard-a (qeglis I t. wamzgvarebul arn. Ciqobavas `qartuli enis zogad daxasiatebasi~ wuxs zmnis II seriis formebad iwuxa da Sewuxda saxeldeba, qegl I, 1950, 073). am formata saleqsikono ganmartebebi ki mdgomareobis semantikas afiqsirebs. mocemul konteqstsi sakuradgebod gvecveneba Semdegi debuleba: `statikuri Sinaarsis mqonea Kvela is zmna, romelic SeiZleba agweritad warmodgenili iqnes aris, aqvs zmnata kombinaciit~ da `Tu zmna mdgomareobas agnisnavs, is statikurad unda CaiTvalos, formata ra siyrelec unda mohkves amas gamoxatulebis plansi~ (gigineis 1987, 90; 88). ukve agvnisnet, rom qcevis formebi `aqvs~, `hkavs~ semantikit SeiZleba ewarmoos TiTqmis Kvela saxis medioaqtiur zmnas. ertgvar gamonakliss qmnian -ob TemisniSniani zmnebi. Cvens mier zemotcamotvlili medioaqtivebi (nebivrobs, nagvlobs, dardobs) am faqts adastureben, e. i. saobieqto qcevis formebi ar uketdebat. Tumca ver vitkvit, rom -ob TemisniSnian medioaqtiur zmnebtan saobieqto forma- Ta warmoeba saertod gamoiricxeba. a.sanize `gramatikis safuzvlebsi~ - ob TemisniSniani sasuali gvaris zmnis saobieqto (sasxviso) qcevis ubudobs formas asaxelebs da agnisnavs, rom `am qcevit zogjer aqac aginisneba kutvnileba ara marto subieqtisa, aramed iseti obieqtisac, romelic winadadebasi garemoebad midis: Kovelsa kacsa ase egona: pirsa iadoni ubudobso an mercxali yikyikebso~ (s. orb. `sibrzne-sicr.~). (pirs ubudobs _ mis pirsi budobs) (SaniZe, 1973, 342). a. SaniZe bud o b s zmnas medioaqtivta rigsi moaqcevs (SaniZe, iqve). qegl-is mixedvit ki budobs statikuri zmnaa: 1. bude aqvs arsebobs, damkvidrebulia (qegl I). saobieqto qcevis forma udasturdeba -ob TemisniSnian s a- xlobs zmnasac: `da mas aqet Kmad usaxlobs~ (q. s. Zeg. VI, 48, 106) `...kowaxuras rom usaxlobs, ahkaros~ (q. s. Zeg. VI, 36, 84) `mejvrisxevs zeit kaci misaxlobs~ (q. s. Zeg. VII, 192, 191)... a. SaniZe saxlobs zmnis Sesaxeb wers: `ueyvelia, rom `saxlobs~ medioaqtivi zmnaa am gamotqmasi: `Cemi saxlic saxlobs~, magram mas sxva mnisvnelobac aqvs: saxlobs _ dasaxlebulia, saxl-kari aqvs, asaxlia (Tu SeiZleba ase itqvas). ukanaskneli mnisvnelobit zmna mediopasivia da wkvetilsi `esaxla~-s gvazlevs~ (SaniZe 1973, ). rogorc zemotqmulidan Cans, s a x l o b s zmnis mnisvneloba labi-

7 198 m. suxis luria, _ is SeiZleba medioaqtiuradac warmogvidges da mediopasiuradac. mediopasiuri zmna ki statikurta rigsic gadadis (SaniZe 1973, 321): saxlobs zmnas II seriasi statikurta msgavsad esaxla forma Seenacvleba, awmkos I da II piris formebsi ki mesveli zmnac SeiZleba daertos: `Sid vsaxlobvart~ (q. s. Zeg. VI, 125, 251) `Sen rom adgilze saxlobxar~ (q. s. Zeg. VI, 214, 446). `cocxali vinc arian da saxloban, isinic gardasaxadita da usamartlobit gaagaribet~ (q. s. Zeg. VI, 222, 456). -ob TemisniSnian sasuali gvaris zmnatagan sasxviso qcevis forma udasturdeba natobs zmnasac, nat-ob-s _ u-nat-ob-s: `me TinaTiniT minatobs saxlt kedel-kure, yeria~ (guramis 113, 353-4). sasuali gvaris zmnata medioaqtiurad Tu mediopasiurad kvalifikaciis sakitxi, rogorc cnobilia da aqac Cans, calkeul SemTxvevebSi sadaoa. es ar exeba mxolod -ob TemisniSnian zmnebs. mag., bjutavs forma qegl-si ganmartebulia rogorc statikuri zmna: bjutav-s (iken. ibjuta, ubjutnia), `gramatikis safuzvlebsi~ ki is medioaqtivad aris CaTvlili: `medioaqtivia agretve bjutavs (bjutavs _ ibjutebs _ibjuta) (SaniZe 1973, 322). a.sanize aqve svams ebjuta formis gramatikuli statusis sakitxs (`sinatle gamodioda, yraqi ebjutat. T. razik. `gazafx~.) _ cxadia, is ise unda gavigot, rogorc statikuri zmna, romlis awmkoa `ubjutavs~ (ubjutavs _ ebjuta) da Tu statikuria relatiuri zmna `ubjutavs~, raga unda ikos misi absoluturi cali `bjutavs~? (SaniZe 1973, 322). es martebuli SekiTxva pasuxsac Seicavs. a. SaniZe asaxelebs -av (akravs, hxuravs), -ob (saxlobs), -eb (hmartebs), -am (zmniswiniani `Casdgams~) TemisniSnian mediopasivebs, romlebic formawarmoebit statikurta rigsi eqcevian da askvnis: `amgvarad isleba formaluri zgvari mediopasivsa da statikurebs Soriso~ (SaniZe 1973, 322). vfiqrobt, rom am daskvnasi `mediopasivs~ `medioaqtivic~ unda damateboda, radganac `bjutavs~ `gramatikis safuzvleb- Si~, rogorc vnaxet, medioaqtivadaa micneuli. warmosobit aqtiurebi arian `Casdgams~ da `hqvia~ zmnebic, romlebic aseve statikur zmnata rigsia ganxiluli (SaniZe 1973, 322). sxva faqtsac davumatebdi, _ ganmartebit leqsikonsi saleqsikono erteulad damowmebuli sasxviso qcevis u-brunav-s forma statikur zmnad aris micneuli; `...brunavs misi an misasi, _ utrialebs...~, moxmobilia satanado ilustraciac: [estates] hqonda sakutari saxl-kari, venaxi, cotaodeni naxnavi miwa, erti Tvali wisqc ubrunavda (vaja)

8 medioaqtivta saqceo sistemis saopozicio calebis zogierti gramatikuli qegl VI. qartulsi ubrunavs (=`aqvs~) ucveulo forma araa da am semantikit formawarmoebac statikuri zmnisa aqvs (naklul mwkrivebs eniani formebit ivsebs): `Calaubnis xevze ori wisq gvibrunavs~ (q. s. Zeg. VI, 167, 315); `im Cems ganakofebsac ubrunavs wisq, Senc gibrunavs da mec Cems nargebs mamulsi avabrune wisqo, Cems wil mamulsi rom wisq mebrunos, Sens wils rad dagidebo?~ (q. s. Zeg. VI, 81, 169); `im ruzed zaalsac ubrunavs wisq~ (q. s. Zeg. VI, 81, 169); `im mukuzans rom saerto wisq hbrunebiat, ioanes Tavisi wili Tavis kacistvis miucia da iosebs Tavisi kacistvis~ (q. s. Zeg. VI, 21, 61). `gagma beburisa da davitis kacebs ori buyula brunebia~ (q. s. Zeg. IV, 398, 494). a.sanizis msjelobis kvalobaze, raki relatiuri saobieqto qcevis u-brunav-s forma statikuri Sinaarsisaa (=`aqvs~), masin misi saopozicio brunavs cali satanado konteqstebsi aseve statikuri SinaarsiT unda warmogvidges. qeglsi brunav-s zmnis mnisvneloba ase ganimarteba: 1. mozraobs risame irgvliv; mozraobs Tavisi GerZis garsemo, _ trialebs gadat. mudmiv mozraobasia, icvleba... (qegl I); vfiqrobt, rom gadataniti mnisvneloba brunavs zmnisa, garkveuli saxit mkofobas (`mozraobasia~) gamoxatavs; esaa ertgvarad `dinamika statikasi~ (suxis, 1976, 10); Sdr.: `[wisq] Tu Zvels ruvs zevidam brunavs [=ruvs zevidam aris] Cemiao da Tu qvemot brunavs [=Tu qvemot aris] Seni iqnebao, es gasinjon da visiac mamulsi ebruneba [=iqneba], imas darceba~ (q. s. Zeg. VI, 21, 61). brunavs zmnis formata teqstsi CarTuli Cveneuli ganmartebebi, vfiqrob, obieqturi unda ikos, aqve davimowmeb, rom n. maris mixedvit brunavs tipis zmnebi mdgomareobas gamoxataven. vbrunav formis mnisvnelobas ki n. mari ase Targmnis: «Я есмь верчённый» (mari 1925, 134). am zmnis semantikuri labiluroba enasi ugvlilebis gansxvavebuli (1. medioaqtiuri, 2. statikuri) paradigmebis TanaarsebobiT realizdeba: 1. brunav-s._ i-bruna man : `iq avtandil wisqvils vegar abrunebs, biyikass wisqvilma unda ibrunos (q. s. Zeg. IV, 319, 404). 2. brunav-s _ e-bruneba is; u-brunav-s, ebruna, hbrunebia mas is. semantikuradaa motivirebuli aseve konwialobs zmnis orgvari paradigma. 1. medioaqtiuri: konwialob-s _ i-konwial-a: `[mis totebze] bavsvebi ekidebodnen da konwialobdnen~

9 200 m. suxis (o. yilaze, qeglis ax. fond.) `im KulfSi Cveni Tavebi ikonwialebs (T. bazagua, Targm. qeglis ax. fond.) 2. statikuri: konwialob-s _ e-konwial-a `Canglebze xoxbebi, royoebi, kakbebi da durajebi konwialobdnen (=`Camokonwialebuli ikvnen~) (Sengelaia, I, 313) `sakelos Gilze patara TeTri Jvari morcxvad ekonwiala (uiarago, I, 195). medioaqtiur (absolutur da relatiur) zmnata semantikuri araertgvarovneba (medioaqtiurtan ertad statikuri Sinaarsis dafiqsireba) qartulsi gamoixateba satanado konteqstebit, Sesabamisad, ugvlilebis gansxvavebuli (stabiluri inversiuli) paradigmit; calkeul SemTxvevebSi, labiluri (pirdapiri da inversiuli) wkobitac. zogjer es labiluroba gamovlindeba mravlobiti ricxvis III piris formebsic (medioaqtiuri zmna ricxvsi etanxmeba rogorc micemitsi, aseve saxelobitsi dasmul saxels): mat ukvnesit guli, mat ukvnesodat guli. Sdr.: `isini er- TmaneTs ukvnesian am ganmartoebasi~ (evdos, III, 298). `Kvelani ertmanets ukvnesodnen~ (evdos, III, 298)... amdenad, a. SaniZis dakvirveba qartul enasi mediopasivebsa da statikur zmnebs Soris formaluri zgvaris moslis Sesaxeb (SaniZe 1973, 322). garkveulwilad, rogorc Cans, medioaqtivebsac exeba. aqve gavixsenebdit, -eb TemisniSniani medioaqtivebis saobieqto qcevisa da amave fuzis gardamavali moqmedebiti gvaris saobieqto qcevis formata identurobas: ufancqalebs mas guli: `didxans SiSisgan pawiebs gulebi gvifancqalebda~ (S. mgvim., qegl VI) da ufancqalebs is mas guls: `ragac faruli imedi guls ufancqalebs~ (iveria, 1887, #137, 1) da mist. medioaqtivta gastatikurebis ert-ert faqtad axal qartulsi rigi medioaqtiuri zmnis awmkos I da II piris formebze mesveli zmnis dartvac saxeldeba: `statikurad amjamad formdeba iseti zmnebic, romlebic gamoxataven agentur aqtiur process, romelic ar ganarcevs Sinagan fazebs: vtirivar, vkvirivar, vmgerivar da mist.~ (mayavariani 1981, 38). statikurad SeiZleba moiqces statikuri zmnis ugvlilebis paradigmis Semavsebeli dinamikuri (vnebiti) calic. atkvia _ etkoba paradigmis dinamikuri etkoba wevri `awmkosic xsirad gvxvdeba statikuri SinaarsiT (yumburize 1986, 122). mocemul konteqstsi, statikurobis Semdgomi kvlevis TvalsazrisiT, kvlavac aqtualuri Cans debuleba, romelic am samoci wlis win

10 medioaqtivta saqceo sistemis saopozicio calebis zogierti gramatikuli gamoitqva: `statikuri zmnebi gardauval zmnata ert-erti saxeobaa ganvitarebis garkveul safexurze (igi moicavs Semdegi xanis sasualosac da garkveuli saxis vnebitsac)~ (Ciqobava 1948, 109). sakitxis Semdgom kvlevastan dakavsirebit ix., agretve, uturgaize, mdgomareobis zmnebi qartulsi, lite tera ratu tura aragvis vispi pire reli II _ Sio aragvispireli, TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli, t. II, Tbilisi, arci Cili I _ arciliani, I, `saqartvelos zneobani~, al. baramizisa da n. berzeniss redaqciit, Tbilisi, gigi gine neis isvi 1987 _ b. gigineis, Zveli qartuli enis gramatikidan.., 3. statikuroba-dinamikurobis zogi semantikuri da morfologiuri maxasiatebeli Zv. qartulsi, `mravaltavi~, XIV, Tbilisi, gura ramis misvi _ davit guramis, TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli, Seadgina da Sesavali werili daurto s. caisvilma, Tbilisi, doca CanaS nasvi _ guram docanas, `saqme~, Tbilisi, evdos dosvi _ ir. evdos, Txzulebani, t. 3, tfilisi, erista Tavi I _ rafiel eristavi, leqsebi, t. 1, tfilisi, vaxtang VI _ vaxtang meeqvse, leqsebi da poemebi, al baramizis redaqciit, Tbilisi, vefx. _ SoTa rustaveli, vefxistkaosani, gamosces a. SaniZem da al. baramizem, Tbilisi, visr. _ visramiani, teqsti gamosacemad moamzades da leqsikoni daurtes al gvaxariam da m. Toduam, Tbilisi, kobe beri rize _ karlo koberize, `mewkeri~, Tbilisi, mari ri, 1925 _ Н. Марр, Грамматика древнелитературного грузинского языка, Ленинград, 1925 maya yava vari riani 1981 _ m. mayavariani, moqmedebis, procesisa da mdgomareobis cnebebis gansazgvrisatvis, Tanamedrove da zogadi enatmecnierebis sakitxebi, VI, Tbilisi, meli liqis qisvi 2001 _ d. meliqis, qartuli zmnis ugvlilebis sistema, Tbilisi, noza zaze 1974 _ l. nozaze, medioaqtiur zmnata warmoebis zogi sakitxi qartulsi, ike XIX, Tbilisi, oniani 2003 _ al. oniani, Tanamedrova qartuli saliteraturo ena, Tbilisi, rusud sud. _ rusudaniani, il. abulazisa da iv. gigineiss re-

11 202 m. suxis daqciit, Tbilisi, suxis xisvi 1976 _ m. suxis, statikuri zmnebi qartulsi, Tbilisi, suxis xisvi 2000 _ m. suxis, ergatiuli wkobis gamovlenisa- Tvis qartulsi, ike XXXIV, Tbilisi, suxis xisvi 2005 _ m. suxis, `mkofoba~: `mqoneblobis~ gamoxatvisatvis Zveli qartulis sasuali gvaris zmnata saqceo sistemebsi, qess, IX, Tbilisi, uturga gaize 2001 _ T. uturgaize, mdgomareobis zmnebi qartul- Si, arnold Ciqobavas sakitxavebi, XII, Tbilisi, uiarago I, II _ uiarago, kondrate TaTaraS, TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli or tomad, Tbilisi, focxua 1974 _ b. focxua, qartuli enis leqsikologia, Tbilisi, qegl _ qartuli enis ganmartebiti leqsikoni, I-VIII, arn. Ciqobavas saerto redaqciit, Tbilisi, q. s. Zeg. IV, VI, VII _ qartuli samartlis Zeglebi, teqsti gamosca, SeniSvnebi da kometarebi daurto i. dolizem, Tbilisi, IV _ 1972, VI _ 1976, VII _ Sani nize 1973 _ qartuli enis gramatikis safuzvlebi, I, morfologia, II gamocema, Tbilisi, Senge ngela laia I _ demna Sengelaia, Txzulebani otx tomad, t. I, Tbilisi, Ciqo qoba bava 1948 _ arn. Ciqobava, ergatiuli konstruqciis problema iberiul-kavkasiur enebsi, I, Tbilisi, Ciqoba bava 1950 _ arn. Ciqobava, qartuli enis zogadi daxasiateba, qegl I, Tbilisi, yumbu buri rize 1986 _ z. yumburize, mkofadi qartvelur enebsi, Tbilisi, Jorbe bena naze 1983 _ b. JorbenaZe, zmnis xmovanprefiqsuli warmoeba qartulsi, Tbilisi, 1983,

12 medioaqtivta saqceo sistemis saopozicio calebis zogierti gramatikuli MURMAN SUKHISHVILI On Some Grammatical and Semantic Peculiarities of Medio-Active Verbs S u m m a r y In Modern Georgian the system of the version (neutral : objective) of medioactive verbs contains several models that differ in conjugation and semantic. These models are as follows: 1. A small group of medio-active verbs (both the forms of neutral and objective versions) has the forms of the II series with a subject in the ergative case. The form of the objective version does not carry possessive meaning, it has medio-active semantic; the word order is normal: Neutral: qep-s is It barks i-qep-a man (Ergative) It barked. Objective: u-qep-s mas It barks at him/her/it u-qep-a man (Erg.) mas It barked at him/her/it. 2. Only neutral members of this group have the forms of the II series with a subject in the ergative case. Objective members lack the forms of the II series. They have possessive meaning ( to have ) and the inverse word order, similar to the static verbs expressing state: Neutral (Medio-act.): cux-s is He/She worries i-cux-a man (Erg.) He/She worried. Objective (Static): u-cux-s mas is He/She (his/her heart) is worried. 3. In Modern Georgian there is a number of medio-active verbs that have two types of conjugation paradigms, both medio-active and static: Neutral: (a) (Medio-active) brunaw-s is It (a mill - stone, a wheel) turns i- brun-a man (Erg.) It turned. (b) (Static) brunaw-s is It turns (= there is a mill) e-bruna is (Nom.) It turned (=there was a mill). Objective: (Static) u-brunaw-s mas is He/She has (a mill...) e-brun-a mas is He/She had (a mill...).