C++ Programming Assignment 3

Transcription

1 C++ Programming Assignment 3 Author: Ruimin Zhao Module: EEE 102 Lecturer: Date: Fei.Xue April/19/2015

2 Contents Contents ii 1 Question Specification Analysis main() Choice(Date a,date b) operator++() operator==/>/<() Check(string a,int b) Input() Design Implementation main() Head file Function Definition Testing Robustness test of error input Test normal result Question Specification i

3 2.2 Analysis main() same vec (vector<int> a, vector<int> b) Check(vector<char> a) Design Implementation: Headfile main() Testing Robustness test of error input Test normal result Question Specification Analysis main() *findc(char const *source,char const *obj) Design Implementation: Headfile main() Testing Robustness test of error input Test normal result ii

4 Section 1 Question 1 Define a class Date contains two data members, denoting the 3-letter abbreviation of the month and the date. 1. Write the constructor, destructor and output function members of this class; 2. Define the operator = to assign the value of one Date object to the other, > < and == to compare two dates, and the unary sign ++ to add one day to a date object. 1.1 Specification Abstraction This program will ask the user to enter two dates, sort the dates to be in the required case pattern, and conduct operations upon them with the aid of overloading operators =, ==, >, < and ++. Concrete expectation Input pattern: abbreviation and the day of that month; for example: Jan-1 Overloading operators ability: assign object value, compare two dates, and work out the next day of certain date Robustness: Wrong input for abbreviation and integer input such as the day of certain month Additional requirement Constructor and destructor should be established There should be two member variables which are the abbreviation of month and the specific day of month 1

5 1.2 Analysis main() inputs: two strings and two integers outputs: several groups of combination of string and integer, or even with operator marks additional requirement: none. Figure 1.1: Flowchart of function main() Choice(Date a,date b) inputs: two Date objects outputs: guide to difference operation functions additional requirement: none. 2

6 Figure 1.2: Flowchart of function Choice(Date a,date b) operator++() inputs: a Date object outputs: a new temporary Date object additional requirement: none. Figure 1.3: Flowchart of function operator++() 3

7 1.2.4 operator==/>/<() inputs: a Date object outputs: true or false additional requirement: none. Figure 1.4: Flowchart of function operator==/>/<() Check(string a,int b) inputs: a string and a integer outputs: a reminding sentence with a call-off of program or nothing additional requirement: none. 4

8 Figure 1.5: Flowchart of function Check(string a,int b)() Input() inputs: two strings and two integers outputs: guide to Choice function to guide following running additional requirement: none. Figure 1.6: Flowchart of function Input() 5

9 1.3 Design main() algorithm declare two variables date1-represents the first date date2-represents the second date Call member function Input() for Date date1 object to conduct concrete input of first date Call member function Input() for Date date2 object to conduct concrete input of second date Clear the screen using system( cls ) Call member function Display() for Date date1 object to display the first date Call member function Display() for Date date2 object to display the second date Call function Choice(Date a,date b) to transport two Date objects date1 and date2 over to guild following running Choice(Date a,date b) algorithm declare three variables date12-represents the next day of first date date22-represents the next day of second date choice-represents the choice of operations Display the choice guide menu Use while loop to conduct operations until choice equals to 4 Ask user to input an integer choice to choose which operations to conduct If choice equals to 1, work out the next month of first date; If choice equals to 2, work out the next day of second date; If choice equals to 3, compare two dates; if choice equals to 4, call off this program normally; If choice is not one integer from 1 to 4, remind user of the wrong input 6

10 operator++() algorithm declare three variables Date temp-represents the temporary object representing next date of the transported date i-represents the position within the month name string FullName or biggest day string LastDate month-represents the order of month abbreviation Use for loop to scan the name stored in string FullName one by one, increase the value of month until the abbreviation is found in one name, and record the position i When month is Dec, and the day is the last last of Dec (31), assign Jan-1 to Next Month object temp When month is not Dec but the day is the last last of that month, assign next month-1 to Next Month ; For example, next month of Feb-28 is Mar-1 When month is not Dec and the day is not the last day of that month, simply increase the value of member variable date by 1, and remain the month name operator==/>/<() algorithm declare four variables i-represents the position within the month name string FullName or biggest day string LastDate of first date j-represents the position within the month name string FullName or biggest day string LastDate of second date month1-represents the order of month abbreviation of first date month2-represents the order of month abbreviation of second date Use for loop to scan FullName, find matched month name for first date, and record the position i Use for loop to scan FullName, find matched month name for second date, and record the position j For function operator ==: When two dates have same month and day, return true; else return false 7

11 For function operator >: When first date month bigger than second, return true; When two dates have same month but first date has larger day, return true; Else return false For function operator <: When first date month smaller than second, return true; When two dates have same month but first date has smaller day, return true; Else return false Check() algorithm declare one variable i-represents the position within the month name string FullName or biggest day string LastDate of the transported date Use if statement to check whether the transported string has three letters Use for loop to check whether all the elements in the transported string are uppercase letters Convert the last letters in string into lowercase letters and scan FullName to check whether this abbreviation is entered correctly by checking whether matched month name can be found Scan LastDate to find the corresponding biggest day of this month Check whether transported integer is integer and is within the range of day; for example: Feb only had days from 1 to 28 Remind user if wrong type input exist Input() algorithm declare four variables a-represents the abbreviation of the month b-represents the day of the month i-represents the position within the month name string FullName or biggest day string LastDate of the date month-represents the order of month abbreviation of the date Ask user to enter the string a representing abbreviation and the integer b representing day Call function Check(string a,int b) to check the input type 8

12 Assign the value stored in b to member variable date convert the last two letters of a to lowercase Scan the matched month name for converted a abbreviation and assign the matched name to member variable month abb 1.4 Implementation main() 1 //This f i l e contains the main ( ) function 2 # include<iostream> 3 # include Date. h //Head f i l e Date. h contains Date c l a s s 4 using namespace std ; 5 6 i n t main ( ) 7 { 8 Date date1 ; //Declare two input Date o b j e c t 9 Date date2 ; 10 //Enter two dates 11 cout<< Pease enter the f i r s t date <<endl ; 12 date1. Input ( ) ; 13 cout<< \n Pease enter the second date <<endl ; 14 date2. Input ( ) ; 15 system ( c l s ) ; //Clear the screen cout<< \nthe f i r s t date :\ t\t ; //Display two entered dates 18 date1. Display ( ) ; 19 cout<< \nthe second date :\ t ; 20 date2. Display ( ) ; 21 Choice ( date1, date2 ) ; //Guide user to conduct operations 22 return 0 ; 23 } Head file 1 //This f i l e contains declaration of functions 2 # ifndef DATE H 3 # define DATE H 4 5 # include<iostream> 6 # include<string> //Head f i l e contains string 7 using namespace std ; 8 //FullName stores the abbreviations of a l l months in expected for 9 const s t r i n g FullName [12]={ Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, June, July, Aug, Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec }; 10 //LastDate stores the biggest day of each month. For example : 28 for Feb 11 const int LastDate [ 12]={31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31}; c l a s s Date //Date c l a s s 14 { 15 private : //Member variable : 16 string month abb ; 17 i n t date ; 18 public : 19 Date : : Date ( ) ; //Constructor 20 Date : : Date ( ) ; //Destructor void Date : : operator =( Date &a ) ; //Overloading operators : 23 Date Date : : operator + + ( ) ; 24 bool Date : : operator ==(Date a ) ; 25 bool Date : : operator >(Date a ) ; 26 bool Date : : operator <(Date a ) ; void Date : : Display ( ) ; //Display the Date 29 void Date : : Check ( string a, int b ) ; //Check the input type 30 void Date : : Input ( ) ; //Guide user to enter dates 31 }; void Choice ( Date a, Date b ) ; //Guide user to conduct operations # endif 9

13 1.4.3 Function Definition 1 //This f i l e contains definition of functions 2 # include<iostream> 3 # include Date. h //Head f i l e Date. h contains Date class 4 using namespace std ; 5 6 / / 7 void Choice ( Date a, Date b ) //Guide user to conduct operations 8 { 9 int choice =0; 10 Date date12, date22 ; //Temporary o b j e c t s represeting next month 11 cout<< \n\n Choice <<endl ; 12 cout<< 1 The next day of f i r s t date. <<endl ; 13 cout<< 2 The next day of second date. <<endl ; 14 cout<< 3 Compare two dates. <<endl ; 15 cout<< 4 Exit. <<endl ; 16 cout<< <<endl ; 17 cout<< Please enter your choice : ; 18 while ( choice! = 4 ) 19 { 20 cin>>choice ; 21 switch ( choice ) 22 { 23 case 1 : 24 { //Work out the Next Month of f i r s t date 25 date12=++a ; 26 cout<< The next day of the f i r s t date is : ; 27 date12. Display ( ) ; 28 cout<< \n\nplease enter your choice : ; 29 break ; 30 } 31 case 2 : 32 { //Work out the Next Month of second date 33 date22=++b ; 34 cout<< The next day of the second date is : ; 35 date22. Display ( ) ; 36 cout<< \n\nplease enter your choice : ; 37 break ; 38 } 39 case 3 : 40 { //Work out the comparison r e s u l t of two dates 41 cout<< The comparison r e s u l t of two dates i s : <<endl ; 42 i f ( a>b ) //The f i r s t date i s bigger ( l a t e r ) than the second 43 { 44 a. Display ( ) ; 45 cout<< > ; 46 b. Display ( ) ; 47 } 48 e l s e i f ( a<b ) //The f i r s t date i s smaller ( e a r l i e r ) than the second 49 { 50 a. Display ( ) ; 51 cout<< < ; 52 b. Display ( ) ; 53 } 54 else i f ( a==b ) //Two dates are the same 55 { 56 a. Display ( ) ; 57 cout<< == ; 58 b. Display ( ) ; 59 } 60 cout<< \n\nplease enter your choice : ; 61 break ; 62 } 63 case 4 : 64 { // E x i t the operation normally 65 getchar ( ) ; 66 e x i t ( 1 ) ; 67 } 68 default : //Remind wrong type input 69 { 70 cout<< Wrong input, please r e s t a r t. <<endl ; 71 getchar ( ) ; 72 e x i t ( 1 ) ; 73 break ; 74 } 75 } 76 } 77 } 78 / / 79 Date : : Date ( ) //Constructor 80 {} Date : : Date ( ) //Destructor 83 {} 84 / / 85 void Date : : operator =( Date &a ) //Overloading operator = 86 { //Assign one o b j e c t to another 87 month abb=a. month abb ; 88 date=a. date ; 89 } 90 / / 91 Date Date : : operator ++() //Overloading operator ++ 10

14 92 { 93 Date temp ; //Declare a temporary object storing Next Month 94 i n t i, month ; 95 //Scan the name stored in s t r i n g FullName one by one, 96 // i n c r e a s e the value of month u n t i l the a b b r i v i a t i o n i s 97 //found in one name, and record the position i. 98 f o r ( i =0; i <12; i ++) 99 { 100 i f ( FullName [ i ]. find ( month abb )! = s t r i n g : : npos ) 101 { 102 month=i ; 103 temp. month abb=fullname [ month ] ; 104 break ; 105 } 106 } 107 //When month i s Dec, assign Jan 1 to Next Month 108 i f ( month==11&&date==lastdate [ month ] ) 109 { 110 temp. month abb=fullname [ 0 ] ; 111 temp. date =1; 112 } 113 //When month is not Dec but the day is the l a s t l a s t of that 114 //month, assign next month 1 to Next Month ; For example, 115 //next month of Feb 28 i s Mar else i f ( month!=11&&date==lastdate [ month ] ) 117 { 118 month=month+1; 119 temp. month abb=fullname [ month ] ; 120 temp. date =1; 121 } 122 //When month is not Dec and the day is not the l a s t day of 123 //that month, simply increase the value of menber variable date 124 //by 1, and remain the month name 125 e l s e 126 temp. date=date +1; 127 return temp ; 128 } 129 / / 130 bool Date : : operator ==(Date a ) //Overloading operation == 131 { 132 i n t i, j, month1, month2 ; 133 //Scan FullName, find matched month name for f i r s t date, 134 //and record the position i 135 f o r ( i =0; i <12; i ++) 136 { 137 i f ( FullName [ i ]. find ( month abb )! = s t r i n g : : npos ) 138 { 139 month1=i ; 140 break ; 141 } 142 } 143 //Scan FullName, find matched month name for second date, 144 //and record the position j 145 f o r ( j =0; j <12; j ++) 146 { 147 i f ( FullName [ j ]. find ( a. month abb )! = s t r i n g : : npos ) 148 { 149 month2= j ; 150 break ; 151 } 152 } 153 //When two dates have same month and day, return true ; else return false 154 i f ( i == j&&date==a. date ) 155 return true ; 156 e l s e 157 return false ; 158 } 159 / / 160 bool Date : : operator >(Date a ) //Overloading operation > 161 { 162 i n t i, j, month1, month2 ; 163 //Scan FullName, find matched month name for f i r s t date, 164 //and record the position i 165 f o r ( i =0; i <12; i ++) 166 { 167 i f ( FullName [ i ]. find ( month abb )! = s t r i n g : : npos ) 168 { 169 month1=i ; 170 break ; 171 } 172 } 173 //Scan FullName, find matched month name for second date, 174 //and record the position j 175 f o r ( j =0; j <12; j ++) 176 { 177 i f ( FullName [ j ]. find ( a. month abb )! = s t r i n g : : npos ) 178 { 179 month2= j ; 180 break ; 181 } 182 } 183 i f ( i>j ) //When f i r s t date month bigger than second, return true 184 return true ; 185 else i f ( date>a. date ) //When two dates have same month but f i r s t date has larger day, return true 11

15 186 return true ; 187 e l s e //Else return f a l s e 188 return false ; 189 } 190 / / 191 bool Date : : operator <(Date a ) //Overloading operator < 192 { 193 i n t i, j, month1, month2 ; 194 //Scan FullName, find matched month name for f i r s t date, 195 //and record the position i 196 f o r ( i =0; i <12; i ++) 197 { 198 i f ( FullName [ i ]. find ( month abb )! = s t r i n g : : npos ) 199 { 200 month1=i ; 201 break ; 202 } 203 } 204 //Scan FullName, find matched month name for second date, 205 //and record the position j 206 f o r ( j =0; j <12; j ++) 207 { 208 i f ( FullName [ j ]. find ( a. month abb )! = s t r i n g : : npos ) 209 { 210 month2= j ; 211 break ; 212 } 213 } 214 i f ( i<j ) //When f i r s t date month smaller than second, return true 215 return true ; 216 else i f ( date<a. date ) //When two dates have same month but f i r s t date has smaller day, return true 217 return true ; 218 e l s e //Else return f a l s e 219 return false ; 220 } 221 / / 222 void Date : : Display ( ) //Display the date 223 { 224 cout<<month abb<< <<date ; 225 } 226 / / 227 void Date : : Check ( string a, int b ) //Check whether input string and integer are in correct type 228 { 229 i n t i ; 230 i f ( a. s i z e ( ) = = 3 ) // S t r i n g should have three l e t t e r s 231 { 232 f o r ( i =0; i <3; i ++) 233 { // L e t t e r s should be in uppercase 234 i f (! ( a [ i ]>= A a [ i ]<= Z ) ) 235 { 236 cout<< Wrong type input, please r e s t a r t <<endl ; 237 e x i t ( 1 ) ; 238 } 239 } 240 } 241 else //Remind user i f wrong type input exist 242 { 243 cout<< Wrong type input, please r e s t a r t <<endl ; 244 e x i t ( 1 ) ; 245 } 246 f o r ( i =1; i <3; i ++) //Convert l a s t two l e t t e r s i n t o lowercase 247 { 248 a [ i ]= a [ i ] ; 249 } 250 //Scan the name stored in s t r i n g FullName one by one, 251 // i n c r e a s e the value of month u n t i l the a b b r i v i a t i o n i s 252 //found in one name, and record the position i. 253 f o r ( i =0; i <12; i ++) 254 { 255 i f ( FullName [ i ]. find ( a )! = s t r i n g : : npos ) 256 { 257 break ; 258 } 259 } 260 i f ( b==int ( b ) ) //Integer date should be integer and within correct range 261 //for example, Feb only had days from 1 to { 263 i f ( b>lastdate [ i ] b<1) 264 { 265 cout<< Wrong type input, please r e s t a r t <<endl ; 266 e x i t ( 1 ) ; 267 } 268 } 269 else //Remind user i f wrong type input exist 270 { 271 cout<< Wrong type input, please r e s t a r t <<endl ; 272 e x i t ( 1 ) ; 273 } 274 } 275 / / 276 void Date : : Input ( ) //Guide user to enter two dates 277 { 278 string a ; // String as input abbreviation 279 i n t b, i, month ; 12

16 280 cout<< Pease enter the abbriviation of month:\ t ; 281 cin>>a ; 282 cout<< Pease enter the date of this month:\ t ; 283 cin>>b ; 284 Check ( a, b ) ; //Call Check function to check input type //Assign input s t r i n g and i n t e g e r to member v a r i a b l e s 287 // month abb and date r e s p e c t i v e l y 288 date=b ; 289 f o r ( i =1; i <3; i ++) 290 { 291 a [ i ]= a [ i ] ; 292 } 293 month abb=a ; 294 //Scan the name stored in s t r i n g FullName one by one, 295 // i n c r e a s e the value of month u n t i l the a b b r i v i a t i o n i s 296 //found in one name, and record the position i. 297 f o r ( i =0; i <12; i ++) 298 { 299 i f ( FullName [ i ]. find ( a )! = s t r i n g : : npos ) 300 { 301 month=i ; 302 month abb=fullname [ month ] ; 303 break ; 304 } 305 } 306 } 1.5 Testing Both the fundamental functionalities and robustness of this program are tested: Robustness test of error input Abbreviation String: For the string month abb, this program is able to check out the wrong input when the entered characters are not all uppercase letters as required; or the entered letters are not three; or the entered uppercase three letters are not correct form for abbreviations of months. Date Integer: For the integer date, this program is able to check out the wrong input when the entered characters are not digit; or the digit is not in the correct range for its corresponding month: for example, Feb can only allow date from 1 to 28. Choice Integer: For the integer choice, this program is able to check out the wrong input when the entered characters are not digit; or the digit is not 1 or 2 as required. 13

17 Abbreviation String Please enter the abbreviation of month: 123/??? Wrong type input, Please restart. (the screenshots of these two testing are shown in Figures below) (a) (b) Date Integer Please enter the date of this month: JAN/FEB Please enter the date of this month: 0/28 Wrong type input, Please restart. (the screenshots of these two testing are shown in Figures below) (c) (d) 14

18 Choice Integer Please enter your choice: 123/??? Wrong input, Please restart. (the screenshots of these two testing are shown in Figures below) (e) (f) Test normal result Feb-28 and Jan-31: The addition operator ++ is tested. The ability of correctly working out the next month when the date is the last day of that month is especially tested: 28 and 31 are both the last day of its corresponding month Jan and Feb respectively, thus the correct next month should not be Jan-32 and Feb-29, but should be Feb-1 and Mar-1 as tested. Also, the comparison operator > is tested in this particular case. Mar-31 and Mar-31: The comparison operator == is especially tested in this particular case. Also, the ++ in the similar case as in first test is tested here again. Jan-30 and Dec-31: The addition operator ++ is tested. The ability of correctly working out the next month when the month is the last month of a year is especially tested: Dec is the last month of a year, thus the correct next month should not be some 13th month, but should be Jan-1 as tested. Also, the comparison operator < is tested in this particular case. 15

19 Attention: The ability of operator =, which is to assign the value of one object to the other as required in question, is tested within the program writing as illustrated in the last part of this section. Feb-28 and Jan-31 Next day of first date: Mar-1 Next day of second date: Feb-1 Comparison result if these two dates: Feb-28>Jan-31 (the screenshots of these two steps are shown in Figures below) (g) (h) Mar-31 and Mar-31 Next day of first date: Apr-1 Next day of second date: Apr-1 Comparison result if these two dates: Mar-31==Mar-31 (the screenshots of these two steps are shown in Figures below) (i) (j) 16

20 Jan-30 and Dec=31 Next day of first date: Jan-31 Next day of second date: Jan-1 Comparison result if these two dates: Jan-30<Dec-31 (the screenshots of these two steps are shown in Figures below) (k) (l) Operator = One object is date12 The other object is ++a (the screenshots of the related code is shown below) 17

21 Section 2 Question 2 Write a function bool same vec (vector<int> a, vector<int> b) that checks whether two vectors have the same elements, ignoring the order and multiplicities. For example, the two vectors {1, 4, 9, 16, 9, 7, 4, 9, 11} and {11, 11, 7, 9, 16, 4, 1} would be considered i- dentical. Requirements: 1. Get the numbers from keyboard input; 2. The length of the vectors are unknown, it is only determined by the input. 2.1 Specification Abstraction This program will ask user to input two vectors, compare the elements of these two vectors and decide whether they are identical or not. Concrete expectation Input pattern: the elements should all be integers Standard of being Identical: contain same elements but ignore the different orders and different times of appearance. Robustness: Wrong input for the elements Additional requirement To conduct the concrete the comparison, two vectors should be transported to a callable function as two arguments While after comparison, a boolean variable suggesting comparison result should be returned to main function 18

22 2.2 Analysis main() inputs: three integers and four vectors(two in char type and two in int type) outputs: a statement telling whether two vectors are the same additional requirement: elements of vector must all be integers Figure 2.1: Flowchart of function main() same vec (vector<int> a, vector<int> b) inputs: two vectors outputs: a statement tell whether two transported vectors are the same additional requirement: elements of vector must all be integers 19

23 Figure 2.2: Flowchart of function same vec (vector<int> a, vector<int> b) Check(vector<char> a) inputs: transported vector in char type outputs: a statement reminding wrong type input or nothing additional requirement: none. Figure 2.3: Flowchart of function Check(vector<char> a) 20

24 2.3 Design main() algorithm declare seven variables choice-represents the choice of whether to continue comparison a-represents the element character entered in first vector b-represents the element character entered in second vector vector<char> v1-represents the first entered vector that is to be tested whether input type is correct vector<char> v2-represents the second entered vector that is to be tested whether input type is correct vector<int> v3-represents the first vector with checked correct type elements to be transported vector<int> v4-represents the second vector with checked correct type elements to be transported Display the NOTICE of entering vector Use while loop to conduct comparison of vectors continuously until choice equals to 2 Use while loop to enter elements to vectors Call function Check(vector<char> a) to check whether all the element in vector are integers Assign the checked correct vector v1, v2 to vectors to be transported out v3 v4 respectively Call function same vec (vector<int> a, vector<int> b) to compare whether t- wo vectors have the same elements ignoring the order and multiplicities though Ask user to enter integer choice to decide whether to continue comparison with other pairs of vectors Remind user if choice is entered wrongly 21

25 same vec (vector<int> a, vector<int> b) algorithm declare two variables i-represents the position of character in first transported int type vector j-represents the position of character in first transported int type vector Use for loop to scan all the elements to see if all the elements in transported v4 can be found in transported v3 If not all the elements in v4 can be found in v3, the j will be the size of v4, then return false, else return true Use for loop to scan all the elements to see if all the elements in transported v3 can be found in transported v4 If not all the elements in v3 can be found in v4, the j will be the size of v3, then return false, else return true Check(vector<char> a) algorithm declare one variable i-represents the position of character in transported char type vector Use for loop to check every elements in transported char type vector to see whether all of them are integers Remind user of the existence of wrong type input 2.4 Implementation: Headfile 1 //This f i l e contains declaration and definition of functions 2 # include<iostream> 3 # include<vector> 4 using namespace std ; 5 6 //Compare two input vectors, decide whether they are identical 7 bool same vec ( vector<int> a, vector<int> b ) 8 { 9 i n t i, j ; 10 //Scan a l l the elements to see i f a l l the elements in 11 //transported v4 can be found in transported v3 12 f o r ( i =0; i<a. s i z e ( ) ; i ++) 13 { 14 f o r ( j =0; j<b. s i z e ( ) ; j ++) 15 { 16 i f ( a [ i ]==b [ j ] ) 17 break ; 18 } 19 // I f not a l l the elements in v4 can be found in v3, the j will be 20 //smaller than the s i z e of v4, then return f a l s e 21 i f ( j ==b. s i z e ( ) ) 22

26 22 return false ; 23 } 24 //Scan a l l the elements to see i f a l l the elements in 25 //transported v3 can be found in transported v4 26 f o r ( i =0; i<b. s i z e ( ) ; i ++) 27 { 28 f o r ( j =0; j<a. s i z e ( ) ; j ++) 29 { 30 i f ( b [ i ]==a [ j ] ) 31 break ; 32 } 33 // I f not a l l the elements in v3 can be found in v4, the j will be 34 //smaller than the s i z e of v3, then return f a l s e 35 i f ( j ==a. s i z e ( ) ) 36 return false ; 37 } 38 return true ; 39 } void Check ( vector<char> a ) //Check whether a l l the elements in vector are integers 42 { 43 i n t i ; 44 f o r ( i =0; i<a. s i z e ( ) ; i ++) 45 { 46 i f ( a [ i ]< 0 a [ i ]> 9 ) 47 { 48 cout<< Wrong type input included, please r e s t a r t. <<endl ; 49 getchar ( ) ; 50 e x i t ( 1 ) ; 51 } 52 } 53 } main() 1 //This f i l e contains the main ( ) function 2 # include<iostream> 3 # include compare. h 4 using namespace std ; 5 6 i n t main ( ) 7 { 8 int choice =0; 9 char a, b ; //Each element of input vector 10 vector<char> v1, v2 ; //Input vector 11 vector<int> v3, v4 ; //Vector copied from v1 and v2, to be compared //Display the Notice of inputting 14 cout<< NOTICE <<endl ; 15 cout<< Press SPACE after entering each element <<endl ; 16 cout<< Press Ctrl+Z after enter the each vector <<endl ; 17 cout<< <<endl ; 18 //The method to end the inputting of one vector was l e a r n t from 19 // internet source : http :// blog. itpub. net / / viewspace / while ( choice! = 2 ) //Conduct comparison u n t i l choice =2 22 { 23 cout<< Please enter the f i r s t vector :\ t\t ; 24 while ( cin>>a ) //Input vector with unkown length 25 { 26 v1. push back ( a ) ; 27 } 28 cin. c l e a r ( ) ; 29 Check ( v1 ) ; //Check the input element type of v1 30 //Copy vector v1 to v3 i f inputs type are correct 31 v3. assign ( v1. begin ( ), v1. end ( ) ) ; cout<< Please enter the second vector :\ t\t ; 34 while ( cin>>b ) 35 { 36 v2. push back ( b ) ; 37 } 38 cin. c l e a r ( ) ; 39 Check ( v2 ) ; //Check the input element type of v2 40 //Copy vector v2 to v4 i f inputs type are correct 41 v4. assign ( v2. begin ( ), v2. end ( ) ) ; same vec ( v3, v4 ) ; //Call same vec function to decide whether v3 and v4 are identical 44 i f ( same vec ( v3, v4 ) ) 45 cout<< These two vectors are I d e n t i c a l. <<endl ; 46 e l s e 47 cout<< These two vectors are Not I d e t i c a l <<endl ; 48 //Continue comparison of other p a i r s of v e c t o r s i f choice =1 49 cout<< \nwhether to continue comparing( 1 Yes; 2 No ) : ; 50 cin>>choice ; 51 i f ( choice!=1&& choice! = 2 ) //Remind user i f choice i s input wrongly 52 { 53 cout<< Wrong type input included, please r e s t a r t. <<endl ; 54 getchar ( ) ; 23

27 55 e x i t ( 1 ) ; 56 } 57 } 58 return 0 ; 59 } 2.5 Testing Both the fundamental functionalities and robustness of this program are tested: Robustness test of error input Vector String: For the string a, this program is able to check out the wrong input when the entered characters are not all digits as required. Choice Integer: For the integer choice, this program is able to check out the wrong input when the entered characters are not digit; or the digit is not 1 or 2 as required. Vector Please enter the vector: a b c/??? Wrong type input included, Please restart. (the screenshots of these two testing are shown in Figures below) (a) (b) 24

28 Choice Whether to continue the comparison(1 or 2): 0/? Wrong type input included, Please restart. (the screenshots of these two testing are shown in Figures below) (c) (d) Test normal result The ability of comparing elements ignoring order and multiplicities is effectively tested: For example, in the first example test, the obj elements are listed in different appearance order in source, and some of the elements appeared more than one time in source sequence such as However, since the elements in obj indeed all appear in source, these two sequences are still regarded as Identical as tested. While for testing Not Identical vectors, the ability is tested in second example clearly. 25

29 Three normal text examples Please enter the first vector: Please enter the second vector: These two vectors are Identical. Please enter the first vector: Please enter the second vector: 5 6 These two vectors are Not Identical. Please enter the first vector: Please enter the second vector: These two vectors are Not Identical. (the screenshots of these three tests are shown in Figures below) 26

30 Section 3 Question 3 Write a function to search a character sequence pointed by a pointer (called obj), in another character sequence (called source). Return the pointer pointing to the found character. Eg1: search for C in ABCDEF, return the pointer pointing to C. Eg2: search for Z in ABCDEF, return a NULL pointer. Eg3: search for CD in ABCDEF, return the pointer pointing to C. Eg4: search for CF in ABCDEF, return a NULL pointer. Eg5: search for A in ABCAFC, return the pointer pointing to the first A. The function header is given by: char *findc (char const *source, char const *obj); 3.1 Specification Abstraction This program will ask user to enter two sequence, search the second sequence content within the first sequence using pointer, display the index position and the pointed value. Concrete expectation Input pattern: the elements can be any types of characters including digit, letter, and marks such as?. Returned value: the first character of the searched sequence obj, and the position pointed by pointer is in source where that character first found as required. 27

31 Additional requirement To conduct the concrete searching, two char pointers should be transported to the callable function as two arguments. While the returned value suggesting result should be a pointer as well. 3.2 Analysis main() inputs: one integer and two strings outputs: a pointer additional requirement: none. Figure 3.1: Flowchart of function main() 28

32 3.2.2 *findc(char const *source,char const *obj) inputs: two transported pointers outputs: a pointer additional requirement: none. Figure 3.2: Flowchart of function *findc(char const *source,char const *obj) 29

33 3.3 Design main() algorithm declare five variables choice-represents the choice of whether to continue searching for other pairs of sequences a-represents the sequence source b-represents the sequence obj *source-represents the char type pointer to string a of source *obj-represents the char type pointer to string b of obj Use while loop to conduct searching until choice equals to 2 Ask user to enter two sequence strings a and b Use if statement to call function *findc(char const *source,char const *obj) to search obj from source Return the pointed value and the index position if successfully found, else return pointer NULL Ask user to enter integer choice to decide whether to continue searching with other pairs of sequences Remind user if choice is entered wrongly *findc(char const *source,char const *obj) algorithm declare two variables i-represents the position of character in first transported char pointer string a j-represents the position of character in first transported char pointer string b Use for loop to scan source to find obj If all the elements in obj are found in source, the j should be the length of obj Return the first found letter in source Return NULL if obj cannot be found in source 30

34 3.4 Implementation: Headfile 1 //This f i l e contains declarationa and definition of functions 2 # include<iostream> 3 using namespace std ; 4 5 //search sequence obj from sequence source 6 char findc ( char const source, char const obj ) 7 { 8 i n t i, j ; 9 //Scan source to find obj 10 f o r ( i =0; i<s t r l e n ( source ) ; i ++) 11 { 12 f o r ( j =0; j<s t r l e n ( obj ) ; j ++) 13 { 14 i f ( obj [ j ]! = source [ i + j ] ) 15 break ; 16 } 17 // I f a l l the elements in obj are found in source, 18 //the j should be the length of obj 19 i f ( j == s t r l e n ( obj ) ) 20 return ( char )&source [ i ] ; //Return the f i r s t found l e t t e r in source 21 } return NULL; //Return NULL i f obj cannot be found in source 24 } main() 1 //This f i l e contains main ( ) function 2 # include <iostream> 3 # include <string> 4 # include search. h //Head f i l e search. h 5 using namespace std ; 6 7 i n t main ( ) 8 { 9 int choice =0; 10 s t r i n g a, b ; //Two sequence 11 char const source=a. c s t r ( ) ; 12 char const obj=b. c s t r ( ) ; 13 //The conversion method between s t r i n g and char const i s l e a r n t from 14 // i n t e r n e t source : http :// blog. csdn. net/perfumekristy/ a r t i c l e / d e t a i l s / while ( choice! = 2 ) //Continue searching u n t i l choice =2 17 { 18 cout<< Please enter the source sequence :\ t ; 19 cin>>a ; 20 cout<< Please enter the obj sequence :\ t ; 21 cin>>b ; i f ( findc ( source, obj )! =NULL) //Call findc function to conduct searching 24 { //Return the pointed value and the index p o s i t i o n 25 cout<< The returned pointer\t : << findc ( source, obj)<<endl ; 26 cout<< This index in source\t : <<findc ( source, obj) source+1<<endl ; 27 } 28 else //Return NULL i f no pointed value can be found 29 cout<< The returned pointer i s NULL <<endl ; 30 //Continue searching i f choice =1 31 cout<< \nwhether to continue serching( 1 Yes ; 2 No ) : ; 32 cin>>choice ; 33 i f ( choice!=1&& choice! = 2 ) //Remind user i f choice i s entered wrongly 34 { 35 cout<< Wrong type input included, please r e s t a r t. <<endl ; 36 getchar ( ) ; 37 e x i t ( 1 ) ; 38 } 39 } 40 return 0 ; 41 } 31

35 3.5 Testing Robustness test of error input Choice Integer: For the integer choice, this program is able to check out the wrong input when the entered characters are not digit; or the digit is not 1 or 2 as required. Choice Whether to continue the comparison(1 or 2): 0/? Wrong type input included, Please restart. (the screenshots of these two testing are shown in Figures below) (a) (b) Test normal result First, all the examples listed in question are tested fully Second, four more examples are tested, where the input elements have more various types to verify the ability of searching character sequence (here the word character is understood as any type of character including integers and marks like? ). 32

36 Examples in question Please enter the source sequence: ABCDEF Please enter the obj sequence: C / Z / CD / CF / A The returned pointer: C / NULL / C / NULL / A The index in source: 3 / NULL / C / NULL / 1 (the screenshots of these five tests are shown in Figure below) 33

37 Various sequence Please enter the source sequence: 123??123??123 Please enter the obj sequence:??123 / 1234 The returned pointer:? / NULL The index in source: 4 / NULL Please enter the source sequence: <>?? <>?? <> Please enter the obj sequence:?? <> / <><> The returned pointer: /? / NULL The index in source: 3 / NULL (the screenshots of these four tests are shown in Figure below) 34