L A M P I R A N UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN MARANTHA

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1 L A M P I R A N

9 LAMPIRAN B LISTING PROGRAM MIKROKONTROLER

10 //Simplest universal VGA(20x20)/PAL(38x20) terminal //For sync used Timer0 Timer1 //To avoid flickering while receive UART data,recommend to send UART data after VSYNC #include <avr/io.h> #include <avr/signal.h> #include <avr/sleep.h> #include <avr/pgmspace.h> #include <string.h> #include <inttypes.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <stddef.h> #include <string.h> #include "symbol_tbl.h" #define true 1 #define false 0 #define NOP asm("nop") //Global definitions for VGA render #define vga_field_line_count 525 #define vga_symbols_per_row 20 #define vga_row_count 20 #define vga_symbol_height 24 //standart VGA quantity lines //symbols quantity per horizontal //symbols quantity per vertical //rendered symbol height

11 //Global defenitions for render PAL #define pal_field_line_count 312 //standart PAL/SECAM quantity lines (interlaced 625~312*2) #define pal_symbol_height 12 //rendered symbol height #define pal_symbols_per_row 38 //symbols quantity per horizontal #define pal_row_count 20 //symbols quantity per vertical //Makro for video handle //Video #define video_off DDRB=0x90 #define video_on DDRB=0xB0 //HSYNC //define hsync_off sbi(portd,3) #define hsync_off PORTD =(1<<PD3); //define hsync_on cbi(portd,3) #define hsync_on PORTD &=~(1<<PD3); //VSYNC #define vsync_off PORTD =(1<<PD2); //define hsync_off sbi(portd,2) #define vsync_on PORTD &=~(1<<PD3); //define hsync_on cbi(portd,2) //PAL Jumper #define check_pal_jumper bit_is_clear(pinc,1) //Global variables volatile unsigned char str_array [pal_symbols_per_row*pal_row_count+1]; //Chars array for display buffer volatile unsigned int current_symbol; //Current symbol number at terminal

12 volatile unsigned char video_enable_flg; volatile unsigned char raw_render; volatile unsigned int linecount; volatile unsigned char y_line_render; //flag for enable render //Current row at display buffer for render // current line for render //Current Y-line at symbol for render //Store strings data at Program Space, to avoid RAM leakage const char str1[] PROGMEM = "Simple PAL terminal v1.2 UART-19200bps"; const char str2[] PROGMEM = "Kennery W.S Manurung"; const char str3[] PROGMEM = " "; static void avr_init(void); //All VGA sincronize made here.. SIGNAL(SIG_OVERFLOW0) TCNT0 = 0xC3; //reload counter value //******Syncronization Handler******** //Count number of lines if (++linecount == vga_field_line_count) linecount = 0; //clear pointers for render display buffer raw_render = 0; y_line_render = 0;

13 //Make Vsync length 2 VGA lines if ((linecount == 10 ) (linecount == 11 )) //Make here vertical syncronization & HSYNC syncro level on vsync_on; else //.. & HSYNC syncro level on vsync_off; video_enable_flg = true; if (linecount < 45) video_enable_flg = false; //Add to avoid flickering at top display

14 else //Forming current string for rendering if (++y_line_render == vga_symbol_height) raw_render++; y_line_render = 0; else

15 hsync_off; //HSYNC syncro level off //******Syncronization Handler******** //All PAL sincronize made here.. SIGNAL(SIG_OUTPUT_COMPARE1A) //Count number of lines if (++linecount == pal_field_line_count) linecount = 0; //clear pointers for render display buffer raw_render = 0; y_line_render = 0; //Invert HSYNC for VSYNC if (linecount > 305 && linecount < 309) //Make here vertical syncronization //sbi(portc,1); //inverted syncro level on PORTC =(1<<PC1); char i = 15; while (--i)

16 else //And "black" = 8 mksk; //cbi(portc,1); //inverted syncro level off PORTC&=~(1<<PC1); //Make HSYHC = 4 mksk; //cbi(portc,1); //syncro level on PORTC&=~(1<<PC1); char i = 30; while (--i) //And "black" = 8 mksk; //sbi(portc,1); //syncro level off PORTC =(1<<PC1); video_enable_flg = true; if ((linecount < 40) (linecount > 278)) video_enable_flg = false; //Add to avoid flickering at top display

17 else //Forming current string for rendering if (++y_line_render == pal_symbol_height) raw_render++; y_line_render = 0; else

18 void spi_init (void) //Set SPI PORT DDR bits //sbi(ddrb, 7); //SCK //cbi(ddrb, 6); //MISO //sbi(ddrb, 5); //MOSI //sbi(ddrb, 4); //SS DDRB=0XB0; SPSR = 1 << SPI2X; SPCR = (1 << SPE) (1 << MSTR); //SPI enable as master,freq = fclk/2 //That's a great pity, that we can't work with SPI with FREQ = fclk, //because may be possible build terminal up 40 symbol per row!!! static void uart_init(void) UCSRB = 0x00; //disable while setting baud rate UCSRA = 0x00; UCSRC = 0x86; //8 bits data & 2 stop bits //UART SPEED bps UBRRL = 0x33; //set baud rate lo UBRRH = 0x00; //set baud rate hi //UART SPEED bps //UBRRL = 0x19; //set baud rate lo //UBRRH = 0x00; //set baud rate hi

19 //UART SPEED bps //UBRRL = 0x0C; //set baud rate lo //UBRRH = 0x00; //set baud rate hi //UART SPEED bps //UBRRL = 0x08; //set baud rate lo //UBRRH = 0x00; //set baud rate hi //UART RX Enable UCSRB = (1 << RXEN); static void pal_terminal_handle(void) // Parser received symbols from UART while(ucsra & (1<<RXC)) unsigned char current_line, received_symbol; received_symbol = UDR; //Check for overflow display buffer if(current_symbol == (pal_row_count*pal_symbols_per_row)) //Clear display buffer unsigned char i = pal_row_count; char * ptr; //Set pointers for clear string array ptr = &str_array[0]; while(i--) //Don't use here loop, to fastest clear display buffer

21 ; current_symbol = 0x0; switch ( received_symbol ) //BackSpace case 0x08: if(current_symbol) str_array[current_symbol] = 0x0; str_array[--current_symbol] = 0x0; break; //TAB case 0x09: if((current_symbol + 5) < (pal_row_count*pal_symbols_per_row)) //Add 5 Space str_array[current_symbol] = 0x0;

22 current_symbol += 5; break; //RETURN case 0x0D: current_line = current_symbol / pal_symbols_per_row; if((current_line) < 19) str_array[current_symbol] = 0x0; current_symbol = current_line*pal_symbols_per_row + pal_symbols_per_row; break; default: str_array[current_symbol++] = received_symbol; void pal_render(void) unsigned char i; char * _ptr; const char * _ptr1; //Initialize display buffer with StartUp strings strcpy_p(&str_array[pal_symbols_per_row*(pal_row_count-1)],&str1[0]); //Enable global interrupt asm ("sei"); for(;;)

23 //Wait compare interrupt signal from Timer1 sleep_mode(); //Check symbol on UART if (UCSRA & (1<<RXC)) //Parse received symbol pal_terminal_handle(); //Can easealy add here RX polling buffer //to avoid display flickering continue; //To make horizontal shift rendered image i=14; while(i--) //Check visible field if(video_enable_flg) //OK, visible //Main render routine //Set pointer for render line (display bufffer) _ptr = &str_array[raw_render * pal_symbols_per_row]; //Set pointer for render line (character generator) _ptr1 = &symbol[0][y_line_render]; //Cycle for render line i = pal_symbols_per_row;

24 video_on; while(i--) SPDR = pgm_read_byte(_ptr1 + (* _ptr++)*pal_symbol_height); at FOSC=16Mhz)!! //That's a great pity can't shift data faster (8Mhz //Delay for draw last symbol i=6; while(i--) video_off; else //Not visible //Can do something else.. //******Cursor handle****** //Count frame static unsigned int framecount; framecount++; //Here draw cursor if (framecount&0x800)

25 str_array[current_symbol] = ' '; else str_array[current_symbol] = 0x7F; //******Cursor handle****** //You can add here your own handlers.. //for(;;) static void vga_terminal_handle(void) // Parser received symbols from UART while(ucsra & (1<<RXC)) unsigned char current_line, received_symbol; received_symbol = UDR; //Check for overflow display buffer if(current_symbol == (vga_row_count*vga_symbols_per_row))

26 //Clear display buffer unsigned char i = vga_row_count; char * ptr; //Set pointers for clear string array ptr = &str_array[0]; while(i--) //Don't use here loop, to fastest clear display buffer

27 ; current_symbol = 0x0; switch ( received_symbol ) //BackSpace case 0x08: if(current_symbol) str_array[current_symbol] = 0x0; str_array[--current_symbol] = 0x0; break; //TAB case 0x09: if((current_symbol + 5) < (vga_row_count*vga_symbols_per_row)) //Add 5 Space str_array[current_symbol] = 0x0; current_symbol += 5; break; //RETURN case 0x0D: current_line = current_symbol / vga_symbols_per_row; if((current_line) < 19)

28 str_array[current_symbol] = 0x0; current_symbol = current_line*vga_symbols_per_row + vga_symbols_per_row; break; default: str_array[current_symbol++] = received_symbol; void vga_render() unsigned char i; char * _ptr; const char * _ptr1; //Initialize display buffer with StartUp strings strcpy_p(&str_array[vga_symbols_per_row*(vga_row_count-2)],&str2[0]); strcpy_p(&str_array[vga_symbols_per_row*(vga_row_count-1)],&str3[0]); //Enable global interrupt asm ("sei"); for(;;) //Wait compare interrupt signal from Timer1 sleep_mode(); //Check symbol on UART if (UCSRA & (1<<RXC))

29 //Parse received symbol vga_terminal_handle(); continue; //Check visible field if(video_enable_flg) //OK, visible //Main render routine //Set pointer for render line (display bufffer) _ptr = &str_array[raw_render * vga_symbols_per_row]; //Set pointer for render line (character generator) _ptr1 = &symbol[0][y_line_render >> 1]; //Cycle for render line i = vga_symbols_per_row; while(i--) SPDR = pgm_read_byte(_ptr1 + (* _ptr++)*vga_symbol_height/2); video_on; //That's a great pity can't shift data faster (8Mhz at FOSC=16Mhz)!! //Delay for draw last symbol

30 video_off; else //Not visible //Can do something else.. //******Cursor handle****** //Count frame static unsigned int framecount; framecount++; //Here draw cursor if (framecount&0x800) str_array[current_symbol] = ' '; else str_array[current_symbol] = 0x7F; //******Cursor handle****** //You can add here your own handlers..

31 //for(;;) #include <avr/io.h> int main(void) avr_init(); //Check pin VGA/PAL if(check_pal_jumper) pal_render(); else vga_render(); return(0); static void avr_init(void) //Set pin jumper VGA/PAL //sbi(ddrc,0); DDRC&=~(1<<DDC0); //sbi(portc,0); PORTC =(1<<PC0); //Enable SPI spi_init(); //init uart uart_init();

32 //Set power mode set_sleep_mode(sleep_mode_idle); //Check pin mode VGA/PAL if(check_pal_jumper) //init PAL SYNC port //sbi(portc,1); PORTC =(1<<PC1); //sbi(ddrc,1); DDRC =(1<<DDC1); //C.0 is sync:1000 ohm + diode to 75 ohm resistor //MOSI is video:330 ohm + diode to 75 ohm resistor // Initialize Sync for PAL OCR1A = 1024; //One PAL line 64us TCCR1B = (1<<WGM12) (1<<CS10);//full speed; clear-on-match TCCR1A = 0x00; //turn off pwm and oc lines TIMSK = 1<<OCIE1A; //enable interrupt from Timer1 CompareA else //init VGA SYNC ports //HSYNC //sbi(portd,3); PORTD=(1<<PD3); //sbi(ddrd,3); DDRD=(1<<DDD3);

33 //VSYNC //sbi(portd,2); PORTD=(1<<PD2); //sbi(ddrd,2); DDRD=(1<<DDD2); // Initialize Sync for VGA TCCR0 = 0x00; //stop TCNT0 = 0xC3; //set count, One VGA line 31.77us TCCR0 = 1<<CS01; //start timer with prescaler select 1/8 TIMSK = 1<<TOV0; //enable interrupt from Timer0 overflow return;

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39 Rangkaian Alat Untuk Menampilkan Karakter Ke Layar TV Hasil Tampilan Setelah Percobaan

X X X. VGA - Standard:

X X X. VGA - Standard: VG Pin 01 Pin 02 Pin 03 - Pin Pin 05 Pin 06 Pin 07 Pin 08 - Pin Pin 10 Pin 11 - Pin Pin 13 Pin 14 - Pin (female to V Monitor) P1 RED V P2 GRN V P3 BLU V P5 GND HSy P6 RED_RTN P7 GRN_RTN P8 BLU_RTN P10