Indonesia Vietnam. Cambodia 10. China pakistan Philippines Nepal Brunei Japan Singapore India. Thailand 3 Hong Kong 2. Source

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1 Education Budget as % of GDP Asia & Sth.Pacific Vietnam pakistan Hong Kong Education Budget as % of GDP Middle East & Nth.Africa U.A.E. Sth.Africa Education Budget as % of GDP Europe + U.K Education Budgets as % of GDP Asia & Sth.Pacific Middle East & Nth.Africa Vietnam 1 9 pakistan Hong Kong 2 1 Europe 1 9 netherlands 8 7 U.K U.A.E. Sth.Africa 1

2 Number of Computers (per thousand people) Asia & South Pacific Burma Laos Vietnam South Hong Kong Number of Computers (per thousand people) Middle East and North Africa U.A.E. Iran Number of Computers (per thousand people) Europe & U.K Number of Computers (Per Thousand People) Asian and Sth Pacific Middle East & Nth. Africa Burma 9 Laos Vietnam 4 3 U.A.E. South 2 Hong Kong 1 Iran Europe & U.K

3 2 1 1 Total Number of Computers (in million) Asian and Sth Pacific Burma Laos Vietnam South Hong Kong Total Number of Computers (in millions) Middle East & Nth. Africa U.A.E. Iran Total Number of Computers (in millions) Europe & U.K Total Number of Computers (in millions) Middle East & Nth. Africa Asian and Sth Pacific Burma 2 Laos 1 Vietnam 1 South Hong Kong Europe & US 2 U.A.E. Iran 1 1 U.K. 3

4 Knowledge Engineering Fixed Telephone Lines X s Asia Pacific The Following Six Slides Represent Data From A Selection Of Countries about Fixed Telephone Lines X s and Per 1 People in The Regions of Europe +, Middle East + Nth.Africa + Asia Pacific. Bangl adesh Br unei Cambodi a Chi na T hai land Sr i Lanka Phi li ppi nes Indonesi a Br unei Kor ea Myanmar Si ngapor e Sr i Lanka Fixed Telephone Lines X s Middle East + Nth.Africa Fixed telephone Lines X s Europe + Telephone Lines Per 1 Persons - Europe (s) 27 U K

5 Denmar k Ger many A us t r alia Denmar k Fi nl and Fr ance Ger many Gr eece Icel and Nether l ands Nor way Pol and Por tugal Spai n Swi tzer l and U K Chin a M aldives P hilippin es T hailan d Jor dan Bahr ai n Jor dan Li bya Mor occo Niger ia Sy r i a Fixed Telephone Lines X s Fixed Telephone Lines Per 1 People Europe Bangl adesh Br unei Indonesi a Myanmar U K U K Singapor e Sr i Lanka Fixed Telephone Lines Per 1 People Asia Pacific Fixed Telephone Lines Per 1 People Middle East + Nth.Africa Kuw ait Myanmar Kuw ait 22 27

6 N etherlands Ita ly Gre ece Ge rm an y Austr alia Kor ea Ita ly Po land Sp ain Swe den U K Mal dives Vi et Nam Mor occo Jor dan Ir an (I.R.) Bahr ain Austr alia Bangl adesh Br unei Cambodi a Chi na Indonesi a Kor ea Myanmar Si ngapor e Sr i Lanka Thai land Fixed Telephone Lines Per 1 people Knowledge Engineering Bahr ain Ir an (I.R.) U K Niger ia Sy r i a Saudi Ar abia Jor dan Kuwai t Li bya Mor occo Ni ger i a Saudi Ar abi a Syr i a The Following Six Slides Represent Data From A Selection of Countries,About Mobile Telephone Line Subscribers In The Regions Of Europe and, Middle East + Nth.Africa and Asia Pacific Mobile Cellular Subscribers X s Europe - Mobile Cellular Subscribers X s Asia Pacific, 4, 3, 2, 1, '2 '7, 4, 3, 2, 1, '2 '7 Myanmar 6

7 '2 '7 '2 '7 Mobile Cellular Subscribers X s Middle East & Nth. Africa Mobile Cellular Subscribers X s Mobile Cellular Subscribers X s Asia Pacific Mobile Cellular Subscribers X s Middle East & Nth. Africa, 4, 3, 2, 1, '2 '7, 4, 3, 2, 1,, 4, 3, Myanmar 2, 1, Mobile Cellular Subscribers X s Europe -, 4, 3, 2, 1, '2 '7 Mobile Cellular Subscribers Per 1 people Middle East & Nt.Africa Mobile Cellular Subscribers Per 1 People Asia + Sth.Pacific ' '7 Myanmar 7

8 Mobile Cellular Subscribers Per 1 People Europe + U.S.A Mobile Cellular Subscribers Per 1 People Mobile Cellular Subscribers Per 1 People Asia + Sth.Pacific Mobile Cellular Subscribers Per 1 people Middle East & Nt.Africa ' ' Myanmar '7 Mobile Cellular Subscribers Per 1 People Europe + U.S.A '7 Knowledge Engineering Internet Users X s Europe + The Following Six Slides Represent Data From A Selection of Countries,About Internet Users In The Regions Of Asia Pacific, Middle East + Nth.Africa,Europe and. 2, 2, 1, 1,, (s) 8

9 (s) Users Internet Users X s _ Middle East + Nth.Africa Internet Users X s Asia Pacific 2, 2, 1, 1,, Users 2, 2, 1, 1,, (s) Internet Users X s Internet Users % Population Europe + Internet Users X s Europe + Internet Users X s _ Middle East + Nth.Africa 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1,, 1, 1,, Internet Users X s Asia Pacific 2, 2, 1, 1,, (s) Sw itzerland Norw ay 2 1 Sw eden 1 's Sw itzerland 9

10 Internet Users % Population Middle East + Nth.Africa Internet Users % Population Europe Users per Kuw ait Y 's Internet Users % Population Middle East + Nth.Africa Internet Users % Population Asia Pacific 's ' s 1

11 1's 1' s 1's Internet Users As a % of Population Knowledge Engineering Internet Users % Population Europe + Internet Users % Population Middle East + Nth.Africa The Following Six Slides represent a Comparison of Internet and Broadband Subscribers in The Regions Of Asia Pacific, Middle East + Nth.Africa,Europe and Internet Users % Population Asia Pacific Europe + Internet and Broadband Subscribers as % of Population Middle East + Nth.Africa Internet and Broadband Subscribers as % of Population Per 1 1's 27 Subscribers per 1 's Per 1 1's 27 Subscribers per 1 's

12 Asia Pacific Internet + Broadband Subscribers as % of Population Europe + Internet + Broadband Subscribers X 's Broadband Subscribers X 's 27 Internet Subscribers X 's 27 4 Broadband Subscribers Population % Internet Subscribers Population % Middle East + Nth.Africa Internet + Broadband Subscribers X "s Asia Pacific Internet and Broadband Subscribers X 's Broadband 1 Broadband Subscribers X 's 27 Subscribers X 's 1 27 Internet Subscribers X 's 27 8 Internet Subscribers X 's Hong Kong 12

13 Middle East + Nth.Africa Internet and Broadband Subscribers as % of Population Per 1 1's 27 Subscribers per 1 's 27 Asia Pacific Internet and Broadband Subscribers as % of Population Broadband Subscribers Population % 27 Internet Subscribers Population % Broadband Subscribers X 's 27 Internet Subscribers X 's Broadband Subscribers X 's 27 Internet Subscribers X 's 27 Broadband Subscribers X 's 27 Internet Subscribers X 's 27 Internet + Broadband Subscribers as % of Population Internet + Broadband Subscribers X s Europe + Internet + Broadband Subscribers X 's Middle East + Nth.Africa Internet + Broadband Subscribers X "s Europe + Internet and Broadband Subscribers as % of Population Fra nce Irelan d P oland S pain 8 Asia Pacific Internet and Broadband Subscribers X 's Hong Kong 1 Per 1 1's 27 Subscribers per 1 's. 27 Hong Kong Middle East + Nth.Africa Public Expenditure Per Student in PPP US$ Europe + Public Expenditure Per Student in PPP US$ Tertiary Secondary Primary Holland U.K Tertiary Secondary Primary 13

14 18 Asia + Sth.Pacific Public Expenditure Per Student in PPP US$ Eur ope + Public Expenditure on Education as a % of Government Expenditure Laos Vietnam Tertiary Secondary Primary Holland U.K % Middle East + Nth.Africa Public Expenditure on Education as a % of Total Government Expenditure Asia + Sth.Pacific Public Expenditure on Education as a % of Total Government Expenditure Bah rain Jorda n Nig eria Yem en % Laos Vietnam % 14

15 Percentages of Technical/Vocational Enrolment in secondary by GDP per capita (logarithm) Percentages of Technical/Vocational Enrolment in secondary by GDP per capita Figure 1 shows that the greater a country s Gross Domestic Product per capita, the greater its secondary Percentage of Technical/Vocational Enrolment. For instance, the three countries with the highest PTVEs -, Belgium and the United Kingdom - also have very high GDP per capita; meanwhile, Malawi, Nigeand have low values for both GDP per capita and PTVEs. Some neighbouring and/or relatively homogeneous countries tend to cluster, e.g. all five Nordic countries have high income levels and PTVE between 2% and 3%; and the Republic of have similarly high income and PTVE around 1%; and Armenia and Azerbaijan have lower income and very low PTVE. There are exceptions, however. The United States and do not have secondary vocational education despite their high GDP per capita. In contrast, Suriname and Panama are middle-income countries with very high PTVE. Fig:1 I.T. and World Development Human Development Index The Human Development Index (HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of life expectancy, literacy, educational attainment, and GDP per capita for countries worldwide. It is claimed as a standard means of measuring human development a concept that, according to the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), refers to the process of widening the options of persons, giving them greater opportunities for education, health care, income, employment, etc. The basic use of HDI is to rank countries by level of "human development", which usually also implies to determine whether a country is a developed, developing, or underdeveloped country. 1

16 World map indicating Human Development Index (27 Digital Opportunity Index Digital Opportunity Index Digital Opportunity Index 16

17 Digital Opportunity Index The Digital Divide The Digital Divide is real and growing in many cases The ability to move into the Digital Age will effect each country s future growth opportunities and impact greatly it s industries and citizens. Many countries are not well placed at this time and need a Digital Rescue package in order to catch up and compete. An effective national IT policy must be multi-sectored and target changes and give incentives Digital Opportunity Index The Knowledge Economy and Economic Performance Economic development and knowledge are closely related (figure 4). In fact, the correlation between the accumulation of knowledge, as measured by the KEI, and levels of economic development is around 87 percent.countries with higher KEI values tend to have higher levels of economic development,and vice versa. This positive correlation does not establish a causal relationship between the KEI and economic development. In fact, it is very plausible that high-income countries, because they are more affluent, are able to afford more investments in knowledge. The correlation, by itself, does not permit us to predict with any degree of certainly that building up certain forms of knowledge in a poor country will be sure to produce economic growth anytime soon. 17

18 Technology and Development Technology and Development 18