CompTIA A+ Review Guide Third Edition. Exam Exam

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3 CompTIA A+ Review Guide Third Edition Exam Exam

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5 Third Edition Exam Exam Troy McMillan

6 Senior Acquisitions Editor: Kenyon Brown Development Editor: Kelly Talbot Technical Editor: Robin Abernathy, Ian Seaton, and Scott Johnson Production Editor: Christine O Connor Copy Editor: Kim Wimpsett Editorial Manager: Mary Beth Wakefield Production Manager: Kathleen Wisor Associate Publisher: Jim Minatel Book Designers: Judy Fung and Bill Gibson Proofreaders: Scott Klemp and Jen Larsen, Word One New York Indexer: Robert Swanson Project Coordinator, Cover: Brent Savage Cover Designer: Wiley Cover Image: Getty Images, Inc./Jeremy Woodhouse Copyright 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN: ISBN: (ebk.) ISBN: (ebk.) Manufactured in the United States of America No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) , fax (978) Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) , fax (201) , or online at Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. The fact that an organization or Web site is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Web site may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Web sites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. For general information on our other products and services or to obtain technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at (877) , outside the U.S. at (317) or fax (317) Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at For more information about Wiley products, visit Library of Congress Control Number: TRADEMARKS: Wiley, the Wiley logo, and the Sybex logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. CompTIA A+ is a registered trademark of Computing Technology Industry Association, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book

7 For my wife Heike, who makes all the hard work worth it.

8 Acknowledgments Special thanks go out to Kelly Talbot for keeping me on schedule and ensuring all the details are correct. Also, I d like to thank Robin Abernathy and Ian Seaton for the excellent technical edit that saved me from myself at times. Finally, as always, I d like to acknowledge Kenyon Brown for his continued support of all my writing efforts.

9 About the Author Troy McMillan writes practice tests, study guides, and online course materials for Kaplan IT Cert Prep, while also running his own consulting and training business. He holds more than 30 industry certifications and also appears in training videos for Oncourse Learning and Pearson Press. Troy can be reached at

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11 Contents at a Glance Introduction xv Part I CompTIA A Chapter 1 Hardware 3 Chapter 2 Networking 137 Chapter 3 Mobile Devices 185 Chapter 4 Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 225 Part II CompTIA A Chapter 5 Windows Operating Systems 289 Chapter 6 Other Operating Systems and Technologies 411 Chapter 7 Security 463 Chapter 8 Software Troubleshooting 521 Chapter 9 Operational Procedures 565 Appendix Answers to Review Questions 597 Index 609

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13 Contents Introduction xv Part I CompTIA A Chapter 1 Hardware Given a Scenario, Configure Settings and Use BIOS/UEFI Tools on a PC Explain the Importance of Motherboard Components, Their Purpose, and Properties Compare and Contrast Various RAM Types and Their Features Install and Configure PC Expansion Cards Install and Configure Storage Devices and Use Appropriate Media Install Various Types of CPUs and Apply the Appropriate Cooling Methods Compare and Contrast Various PC Connection Interfaces, Their Characteristics, and Purpose Install a Power Supply Based on Given Specifications Given a Scenario, Select the Appropriate Components for a Custom PC Configuration to Meet Customer Specifications or Needs Compare and Contrast Types of Display Devices and Their Features Identify Common PC Connector Types and Associated Cables Install and Configure Common Peripheral Devices Install SOHO Multifunction Devices/Printers and Configure Appropriate Settings Compare and Contrast Differences Between the Various Print Technologies and the Associated Imaging Process Given a Scenario, Perform Appropriate Printer Maintenance 128 Review Questions 135 Chapter 2 Networking Identify the Various Types of Network Cables and Connectors Compare and Contrast the Characteristics of Connectors and Cabling 147

14 xii Contents 2.3 Explain the Properties and Characteristics of TCP/IP Explain Common TCP and UDP Ports, Protocols, and Their Purpose Compare and Contrast Various Wi-Fi Networking Standards and Encryption Types Given a Scenario, Install and Configure a SOHO Wireless/Wired Router and Apply Appropriate Settings Compare and Contrast Internet Connection Types, Network Types, and Their Features Compare and Contrast Network Architecture Devices, Their Functions, and Features Given a Scenario, Use Appropriate Networking Tools 178 Review Questions 182 Chapter 3 Mobile Devices Install and Configure Laptop Hardware and Components Explain the Function of Components Within the Display of a Laptop Given a Scenario, Use Appropriate Laptop Features Explain the Characteristics of Various Types of Other Mobile Devices Compare and Contrast Accessories and Ports of Other Mobile Devices 215 Review Questions 222 Chapter 4 Hardware and Network Troubleshooting Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot Common Problems Related to Motherboards, RAM, CPU, and Power with Appropriate Tools Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot Hard Drives and RAID Arrays with Appropriate Tools Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot Common Video, Projector, and Display Issues Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot Wired and Wireless Networks with Appropriate Tools Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot and Repair Common Mobile Device Issues While Adhering to the Appropriate Procedures Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot Printers with Appropriate Tools 275 Review Questions 284

15 Contents xiii Part II CompTIA A Chapter 5 Windows Operating Systems Compare and Contrast Various Features and Requirements of Microsoft Operating Systems (Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows 8.1) Given a Scenario, Install Windows PC Operating Systems Using Appropriate Methods Given a Scenario, Apply Appropriate Microsoft Command-Line Tools Given a Scenario, Use Appropriate Microsoft Operating System Features and Tools Given a Scenario, Use Windows Control Panel Utilities Given a Scenario, Install and Configure Windows Networking on a Client/Desktop Perform Common Preventive Maintenance Procedures Using the Appropriate Windows OS Tools 397 Review Questions 408 Chapter 6 Other Operating Systems and Technologies Identify Common Features and Functionality of the Mac OS and Linux Operating Systems Given a Scenario, Set Up and Use Client-Side Virtualization Identify Basic Cloud Concepts Summarize the Properties and Purpose of Services Provided by Networked Hosts Identify Basic Features of Mobile Operating Systems Install and Configure Basic Mobile Device Network Connectivity and Summarize Methods and Data Related to Mobile Device Synchronization 456 Review Questions 461 Chapter 7 Security Identify Common Security Threats and Vulnerabilities Compare and Contrast Common Prevention Methods Compare and Contrast Differences of Basic Windows OS Security Settings Given a Scenario, Deploy and Enforce Security Best Practices to Secure a Workstation Compare and Contrast Various Methods for Securing Mobile Devices 502

16 xiv Contents 3.6 Given a Scenario, Use Appropriate Data Destruction and Disposal Methods Given a Scenario, Secure SOHO Wireless and Wired Networks 512 Review Questions 518 Chapter 8 Software Troubleshooting Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot PC Operating System Problems with Appropriate Tools Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot Common PC Security Issues with Appropriate Tools and Best Practices Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot Common Mobile OS and Application Issues with Appropriate Tools Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot Common Mobile OS and Application Security Issues with Appropriate Tools 556 Review Questions 562 Chapter 9 Operational Procedures Given a Scenario, Use Appropriate Safety Procedures Given a Scenario with Potential Environmental Impacts, Apply the Appropriate Controls Summarize the Process of Addressing Prohibited Content/Activity and Explain Privacy, Licensing, and Policy Concepts Demonstrate Proper Communication Techniques and Professionalism Given a Scenario, Explain the Troubleshooting Theory 591 Review Questions 595 Appendix Answers to Review Questions 597 Index 609

17 Becoming a CompTIA Certified IT Professional is Easy It s also the best way to reach greater professional opportunities and rewards. Why Get CompTIA Certified? Growing Demand Labor estimates predict some technology fields will experience growth of over 20% by the year 2020.* CompTIA certification qualifies the skills required to join this workforce. Higher Salaries IT professionals with certifications on their resume command better jobs, earn higher salaries and have more doors open to new multiindustry opportunities. Verified Strengths 91% of hiring managers indicate CompTIA certifications are valuable in validating IT expertise, making certification the best way to demonstrate your competency and knowledge to employers.** Universal Skills CompTIA certifications are vendor neutral which means that certified professionals can proficiently work with an extensive variety of hardware and software found in most organizations. Learn more about what the exam covers by reviewing the following: Exam objectives for key study points. Sample questions for a general overview of what to expect on the exam and examples of question format. Visit online forums, like LinkedIn, to see what other IT professionals say about CompTIA exams. Purchase a voucher at a Pearson VUE testing center or at CompTIAstore.com. Register for your exam at a Pearson VUE testing center: Visit pearsonvue.com/comptia to find the closest testing center to you. Schedule the exam online. You will be required to enter your voucher number or provide payment information at registration. Take your certification exam. Congratulations on your CompTIA certification! Make sure to add your certification to your resume. Check out the CompTIA Certification Roadmap to plan your next career move.

18 Introduction The A+ certification program was developed by the Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA) to provide an industry-wide means of certifying the competency of computer service technicians. The A+ certification is granted to those who have attained the level of knowledge and troubleshooting skills that are needed to provide capable support in the field of personal computers. CompTIA is a widely respected industry leader in this area. CompTIA s A+ exam objectives are periodically updated to keep the certification applicable to the most recent hardware and software. This is necessary because a technician must be able to work on the latest equipment. The most recent revisions to the objectives and to the whole program were introduced in 2015 and are reflected in this book. This book and the Sybex CompTIA A+ Complete Study Guide (both the Standard and Deluxe Editions) are tools to help you prepare for this certification and for the new areas of focus of a modern computer technician s job. What Is A+ Certification? The A+ certification program was created to offer a wide-ranging certification, in the sense that it s intended to certify competence with personal computers from many different makers/vendors. Everyone must take and pass two exams: and You don t have to take the exam and the exam at the same time. The A+ certification isn t awarded until you ve passed both tests. For the latest pricing on the exams and updates to the registration procedures, call Pearson VUE at (877) You can also go to Pearson VUE for additional information or to register online at If you have further questions about the scope of the exams or related CompTIA programs, refer to the CompTIA website at Who Should Buy This Book? If you want to acquire a solid foundation in personal-computer basics and your goal is to prepare for the exams by filling in any gaps in your knowledge, this book is for you. You ll find clear explanations of the concepts you need to grasp and plenty of help to achieve the high level of professional competency you need in order to succeed in your chosen field. If you want to become certified as an A+ holder, this book is definitely what you need. However, if you just want to attempt to pass the exam without really understanding the basics of personal computers, this guide isn t for you. It s written for people who want to acquire skills and knowledge of personal-computer basics.

19 Introduction xvii How to Use This Book We ve included several learning tools in the book. These tools will help you retain vital exam content as well as prepare to sit for the actual exams. Exam Essentials Each chapter includes a number of exam essentials. These are the key topics that you should take from the chapter in terms of areas on which you should focus when preparing for the exam. Chapter Review Questions To test your knowledge as you progress through the book, there are review questions at the end of each chapter. As you finish each chapter, answer the review questions and then check your answers the correct answers are in the Appendix. You can go back to reread the section that deals with each question you got wrong to ensure that you answer correctly the next time you re tested on the material. Interactive Online Learning Environment and Test Bank The interactive online learning environment that accompanies CompTIA A+ Complete Review Guide: Exams and , Third Edition, provides a test bank with study tools to help you prepare for the certification exam and increase your chances of passing it the first time! The test bank includes the following: Sample Tests All the questions in this book are provided, including the Chapter Tests that include the review questions at the end of each chapter. In addition, there are four Practice Exams. Use these questions to test your knowledge of the study guide material. The online test bank runs on multiple devices. Flashcards One set of questions is provided in digital flashcard format (a question followed by a single correct answer). You can use the flashcards to reinforce your learning and provide last-minute test prep before the exam. Other Study Tools A glossary of key terms from this book and their definitions are available as a fully searchable PDF. Go to to register and gain access to this interactive online learning environment and test bank with study tools. Tips for Taking the A+ Exams Here are some general tips for taking your exams successfully: Bring two forms of ID with you. One must be a photo ID, such as a driver s license. The other can be a major credit card or a passport. Both forms must include a signature.

20 xviii Introduction Arrive early at the exam center so you can relax and review your study materials, particularly tables and lists of exam-related information. Read the questions carefully. Don t be tempted to jump to an early conclusion. Make sure you know exactly what the question is asking. Don t leave any unanswered questions. Unanswered questions are scored against you. There will be questions with multiple correct responses. When there is more than one correct answer, a message at the bottom of the screen will prompt you to either Choose two or Choose all that apply. Be sure to read the messages displayed to know how many correct answers you must choose. When answering multiple-choice questions you re not sure about, use a process of elimination to get rid of the obviously incorrect answers first. Doing so will improve your odds if you need to make an educated guess. On form-based tests (nonadaptive), because the hard questions will eat up the most time, save them for last. You can move forward and backward through the exam. For the latest pricing on the exams and updates to the registration procedures, visit CompTIA s website at Performance-Based Questions CompTIA has introduced performance-based questions on the latest A+ exams. These are not the traditional multiple-choice questions with which you re probably familiar. These questions require the candidate to know how to perform a specific task or series of tasks. More than likely the candidate will be presented with a scenario and will be asked to complete a task. They will be taken to a simulated environment where they will have to perform a series of steps and will be graded on how well they complete the task. CompTIA A+ 900 Series Exam Objectives CompTIA goes to great lengths to ensure that its certification programs accurately reflect the IT industry s best practices. The company does this by establishing Cornerstone Committees for each of its exam programs. Each committee comprises a small group of IT professionals, training providers, and publishers who are responsible for establishing the exam s baseline competency level and who determine the appropriate target audience level. Once these factors are determined, CompTIA shares this information with a group of hand-selected subject-matter experts (SMEs). These folks are the true brainpower behind the certification program. They review the committee s findings, refine them, and shape them into the objectives you see before you. CompTIA calls this process a Job Task Analysis (JTA). Finally, CompTIA conducts a survey to ensure that the objectives and weightings truly reflect the job requirements. Only then can the SMEs go to work writing the

21 Introduction xix hundreds of questions needed for the exam. And, in many cases, they have to go back to the drawing board for further refinements before the exam is ready to go live in its final state. So, rest assured, the content you re about to learn will serve you long after you take the exam. Exam objectives are subject to change at any time without prior notice and at CompTIA s sole discretion. Please visit the certification page of CompTIA s website at for the most current listing of exam objectives. CompTIA also publishes relative weightings for each of the exam s objectives. The following tables list the objective domains and the extent to which they re represented on each exam Exam Domains % of Exam 1.0 Hardware 34% 2.0 Networking 21% 3.0 Mobile Devices 17% 4.0 Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 28% Total 100% Exam Domains % of Exam 1.0 Windows Operating Systems 29% 2.0 Other Operating Systems and Technologies 12% 3.0 Security 22% 4.0 Software Troubleshooting 24% 5.0 Operational Procedures 13% Total 100% The following sections show the objectives beneath each of these in more detail.

22 xx Introduction CompTIA Exam Objectives 1.0 Hardware 1.1 Given a scenario, configure settings and use BIOS/UEFI tools on a PC. Firmware upgrades flash BIOS BIOS component information RAM Hard drive Optical drive CPU BIOS configurations Boot sequence Enabling and disabling devices Date/time Clock speeds Virtualization support BIOS security (passwords, drive encryption: TPM, LoJack, secure boot) Built-in diagnostics Monitoring Temperature monitoring Fan speeds Intrusion detection/notification Voltage Clock Bus speed 1.2 Explain the importance of motherboard components, their purpose, and properties. Sizes ATX Micro-ATX Mini-ITX ITX Expansion slots PCI

23 Introduction xxi PCI-X PCIe minipci RAM slots CPU sockets Chipsets North bridge South bridge CMOS battery Power connections and types Fan connectors Front/Top-panel connectors USB Audio Power button Power light Drive activity lights Reset button Bus speeds 1.3 Compare and contrast various RAM types and their features. Types DDR DDR2 DDR3 SODIMM DIMM Parity vs. non-parity ECC vs. non-ecc RAM configurations Single channel vs. dual channel vs. triple channel Single-sided vs. double-sided Buffered vs. unbuffered RAM compatibility

24 xxii Introduction 1.4 Install and configure PC expansion cards. Sound cards Video cards Network cards USB cards FireWire cards Thunderbolt cards Storage cards Modem cards Wireless/cellular cards TV tuner cards Video capture cards Riser cards 1.5 Install and configure storage devices and use appropriate media. Optical drives CD-ROM/CD-RW DVD-ROM/DVD-RW/DVD-RW DL Blu-ray BD-R BD-RE Magnetic hard disk drives 5,400 rpm 7,200 rpm 10,000 rpm Hot-swappable drives Solid-state/flash drives Compact flash SD Micro-SD Mini-SD xd SSD Hybrid emmc

25 Introduction xxiii RAID types Tape drive Media capacity CD CD-RW DVD-RW DVD Blu-ray Tape DVD DL 1.6 Install various types of CPUs and apply the appropriate cooling methods. Socket types Intel: 775, 1155, 1156, 1366, 1150, 2011 AMD: AM3, AM3+, FM1, FM2, FM2+ Characteristics Speeds Cores Cache size/type Hyperthreading Virtualization support Architecture (32-bit vs. 64-bit) Integrated GPU Disable execute bit Cooling Heat sink Fans Thermal paste Liquid-based Fanless/passive

26 xxiv Introduction 1.7 Compare and contrast various PC connection interfaces, their characteristics, and purpose. Physical connections USB 1.1 vs. 2.0 vs. 3.0 Connector types: A, B, mini, micro FireWire 400 vs. FireWire 800 SATA1 vs. SATA2 vs. SATA3, esata Other connector types VGA HDMI DVI Audio Analog Digital (optical connector) RJ-45 RJ-11 Thunderbolt Wireless connections Bluetooth RF IR NFC Characteristics Analog Digital Distance limitations Data transfer speeds Quality DRM Frequencies 1.8 Install a power supply based on given specifications. Connector types and their voltages SATA Molex

27 Introduction xxv 4/8-pin 12v PCIe 6/8-pin 20-pin 24-pin Specifications Wattage Dual rail Size Number of connectors ATX Micro-ATX Dual-voltage options 1.9 Given a scenario, select the appropriate components for a custom PC configuration to meet customer specifications or needs. Graphic/CAD/CAM design workstation Multicore processor High-end video Maximum RAM Audio/video-editing workstation Specialized audio and video card Large fast hard drive Dual monitors Virtualization workstation Maximum RAM and CPU cores Gaming PC Multicore processor High-end video/specialized GPU High-definition sound card High-end cooling Home Theater PC Surround sound audio HDMI output HTPC compact form factor TV tuner

28 xxvi Introduction Standard thick client Desktop applications Meets recommended requirements for selected OS Thin client Basic applications Meets minimum requirements for selected OS Network connectivity Home Server PC Media streaming File sharing Print sharing Gigabit NIC RAID array 1.10 Compare and contrast types of display devices and their features. Types LCD TN vs. IPS Fluorescent vs. LED backlighting Plasma Projector OLED Refresh/frame rates Resolution Native resolution Brightness/lumens Analog vs. digital Privacy/antiglare filters Multiple displays Aspect ratios 16:9 16:10 4:3

29 Introduction xxvii 1.11 Identify common PC connector types and associated cables. Display connector types DVI-D DVI-I DVI-A DisplayPort RCA HD15 (i.e., DE15 or DB15) BNC minihdmi minidin-6 Display cable types HDMI DVI VGA Component Composite Coaxial Device cables and connectors SATA esata USB FireWire (IEEE 1394) PS/2 Audio Adapters and convertors DVI to HDMI USB A to USB B USB to Ethernet DVI to VGA Thunderbolt to DVI PS/2 to USB HDMI to VGA

30 xxviii Introduction 1.12 Install and configure common peripheral devices. Input devices Mouse Keyboard Scanner Barcode reader Biometric devices Game pads Joysticks Digitizer Motion sensor Touch pads Smart card readers Digital cameras Microphone Webcam Camcorder MIDI-enabled devices Output devices Printers Speakers Display devices Input & Output devices Touchscreen KVM Smart TV Set-Top Box 1.13 Install SOHO multifunction device/printers and configure appropriate settings. Use appropriate drivers for a given operating system Configuration settings Duplex Collate