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1 Price, A., Aguado, A., Hugues Salas, E., Haigh, P. A., Sibson, P., Marhuenda, J.,... Erven, C. (2016). Practical integration of Quantum Key Distribution with Next-Generation Networks. Abstract from International Conference for Young Quantum Information Scientists (YQIS), Spain. Other version Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available:
2 Practical Integration of Quantum Key Distribution with Next-Generation Networks A. B. Price, A. Aguado, E. Hugues-Salas, P. A. Haigh, P. Sibson, J. Marhuenda, J. Kennard, J. G. Rarity, M. G. Thompson, R. Nejabati, D. Simeonidou and C. Erven
3 Overview QKD Refresher Networks of the Future Emulating a Software Defined Network Time-Sharing QKD Systems Distributing Virtual Network Functions Next steps
4 QKD Refresher Shor s algorithm can be used to attack conventional key distribution methods. Grover s search strengthens brute force attacks. Need a quantum-secure method of key distribution to use alongside conventional ciphers reinforced against Grover s.
5 QKD Refresher Authenticated Classical Channel C. H. Bennett and G. Brassard, Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing, in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing 175 (1984). V. Scarani, A. Acin, G. Ribordy and N. Gisin, Quantum Cryptography Protocols Robust against Photon Number Splitting Attacks for Weak Laser Pulse Implementations, Phys. Rev, Lett. 92 (2004).
6 QKD Refresher C. H. Bennett and G. Brassard, Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing, in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing 175 (1984). V. Scarani, A. Acin, G. Ribordy and N. Gisin, Quantum Cryptography Protocols Robust against Photon Number Splitting Attacks for Weak Laser Pulse Implementations, Phys. Rev, Lett. 92 (2004).
7 QKD Refresher One Time Pad Mathematically secure Infeasible for day-to-day communications AES Secure enough Widely used in day-to-day communications
8 AES Enciphers and deciphers messages in 128-bit blocks with 256-bit keys for post-quantum security. Can perform full encryption when operating in the correct mode (e.g. CTR). M. Dworkin, Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Encryption: Methods and Techniques, NIST A (2001).
9 Networks of the Future Future networks will be software-defined, deploying data handling rules as software rather than hardcoding them in the firmware of devices, allowing global reconfigurability of the network from a single location as and when required. F. Hu, Q. Hao and K. Bao, A Survey on Software-Defined Network and OpenFlow: From Concept to Implementation, IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials 16 (2014).
10 Networks of the Future
11 Emulating a Software Defined Network
12 Emulating a Software Defined Network # possible switch configurations = set wavelength set power 1 classical fibre 1 quantum fibre Best case: Negligible cross-talk Worst case: 49.1 x 10 3 counts/s
13 Time-Sharing QKD Systems
14 Distributing Virtual Network Functions 10 km data centre: Secret key rate = 825 bits/s, QBER = 2.96 %
15 Distributing Virtual Network Functions Transmitted AES-encrypted Windows VM ( GiB), Ubuntu VM (0.178 GiB) and CentOS OVS_LC (0.716 GiB). AES GCM encrypts 64 GiB per key/iv pair. 606 ± 2 s to generate each 223 ± 1 kbit set of VNF keys allows 79 Alices per Bob in 10G networks.
16 Summary and Next Steps Demonstrated compatibility of QKD with the software defined networking paradigm. Utilised the SDN framework to time-share commercial QKD systems. Secured the transfer of virtual network functions using quantum keys.
17 Summary and Next Steps The Bristol is Open metropolitan-scale SDN relies on VNF distribution to maintain a versatile infrastructure.
18
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