An Update on ETSI ISG QKD

Transcription

1 An Update on ETSI ISG QKD Andrew Shields (Chair) Industry Specification Group in Quantum Key Distribution Global Deployments of QKD EU Flagship Programme UK Quantum Network TREL Tokyo QKD Network Cambridge Martlesham Bristol Reading UCL (BT) London NPL Southampton Canada South Korea Chinese QKD Network 1

2 Industrial Standards Why do we need standards? Interoperability of systems from different manufacturers Integration into conventional telecom networks Stimulate application development on common interfaces Stimulate a component supply chain for Quantum Technologies Security assurance Industrial standards are essential for commercialization of quantum cryptography and related technologies. ETSI Industry Specification Group in QKD Mission: To develop ETSI Group Specifications describing quantum cryptography p y for ICT networks Publishes GS Documents based on QKD use cases, Application Interfaces, Security Proofs, Module Specification, Ontology, Characterisation of Components, Deployment Parameters and Implementation Security Membership comprises large industry, telecom operators, SMEs, NMIs, government lb labs, universities New members are welcome! Next ISG Meeting in Vienna, 4 6 December

3 ISG Work on Implementation Security Fix potential security loopholes of real QCrypt systems QCrypt protocols can be proven information theoretic secure However, deviations between model and real system could be exploited by Eve Passive attack: provided by inadvertent side channel info Active attacks: Eve disturbs system to gain info without discovery encoded single photons optical fibre Eve: exploits difference between theory and practical implementation Privacy Amplification allows information theoretic security even for imperfect implementations Just need to estimate information available to Eve due to imperfection Optical Component Characterisation Optical set up in a typical QKD System Transmitter LS IM PM Alice RNG A PowM Receiver FS EPC PM RNG SPD SPD LS: light source IM: intensity modulator PM: phase modulator RNG: random number gen. EPC: pol controller FS: fibre stretcher SPD: single ph. detector QKD systems contain many optical components Need to define which components & parameters are important and how to measure in traceable and standardised manner Manufacturers would like to compare components from different suppliers Deviation from expected behaviour can provide side channel info to Eve Addressed in ETSI Group Specification QKD 011 (published May 2016) 3

4 Optical Component Characterisation Defined procedures for calibrating QKD hardware are essential for security assurance and supply chain provision Document: Specifies performance parameters and 15 procedures for traceably calibrating quantum layer components in QKD systems (138 pages) Published May 2016 Authors: NPL (UK Rapporteur), Applied Communications Sciences (USA), Austrian Institute of Technology (Austria), INRIM (Italy), JRC Ispra (European Commission), NTT (Japan), NIST (USA), PTB (Germany), Toshiba Research Europe Limited (UK), University of Waterloo (Canada). Active Attacks The first active attack considered is the Trojan horse (*) Eve injects bright light into Alice and measures back reflections Eve might determine info about Alice s settings without causing disturbance! Trojan Horse Attack THA Countermeasure LS Alice Eve Bob (*) Vakhitov et al, JMO 2001; Gisin et al, PRA 2006; Lucamarini et al, PRX

5 Countermeasures against Trojan Horse Attack Decoy state BB84 protocol Described in Draft GS document: Implementation Security: Trojan Horse Attacks THA Countermeasure Collaboration between M. Lucamarini (TREL), K. Tamaki (NTT) and M. Curty (Vigo University) New J of Physics 18, (2016) Field Trial with Attack Countermeasures Central Tokyo to western suburbs. 50% aerial, 50% underground fibre. Total loss 15 db (0.33 db/km). 2.5 months continuous operation Terabits of secure key. Map data courtesy of: Google, SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, NGA, GEBCO, Image Landsat and Japan Hydrographic Association. 5

6 Summary Several large QKD network deployments underway worldwide Standards are essential for future interoperability To assure customers that technology is implemented securely To stimulate markets for components, systems and applications Thank you! 6