The Path to 5G. Market and Technology drivers 3GPP standards CRAN + SDN + NFV Reality or Hype??

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Rudolph Wells
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1 The Path to 5G Market and Technology drivers 3GPP standards CRAN + SDN + NFV Reality or Hype?? Neil Hobbs EMEA Business Development Manager November 2017

EXFO The network test, monitoring and analytics experts 97% OF THE TOP 100 CSPs WORLDWIDE USE EXFO LARGEST ACTIVE ASSURANCE DEPLOYMENT IN THE WORLD.

2 EXFO The network test, monitoring and analytics experts 97% OF THE TOP 100 CSPs WORLDWIDE USE EXFO LARGEST ACTIVE ASSURANCE DEPLOYMENT IN THE WORLD. 16M+ NON-INTRUSIVE TESTS PER HOUR ACROSS 250K PATHS. NO.1 WORLDWIDE IN PORTABLE OPTICAL TEST SOLUTIONS RECENT RECOGNITIONS Global Performance Monitoring Industry for Network Operators Fiber-Optic Test Equipment Leadership Product Line Strategy Leadership Award for C-RAN Testing EXFO s Fronthaul Test Kit Scores 4.5/5 in 2016 Lightwave Innovation Reviews Program Outstanding Test and Measurement Vendor You re in safe hands as EXFO has over 30 years of experience 2017 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 2

3 Image: U.S. Department of Transportation/ Wired.com Image: Amanda Kooser/CNET Image: Sonymobile.com FACT: We Live in a Connected World The New Meaning of Mobility EVERYONE... WANTS HIGH-QUALITY CONTENT Great challenge for MNOs to provide better coverage & capacity 3.47 Devices Per Person (2015) EVERYWHERE & ANYTIME AND ON MULTIPLE DEVICES!

4 What are the biggest challenges in implementing a 5G network?? 14% 9% 8% 16% 20% 33% Backhaul Too many consortiums Backwards compatibility Security Future proofing Performance targets Source: Light Reading

5 Without automation in both network and processes, service providers won t be able to deliver services at the cost point that customers need. Amy Wheelus AT&T VP, Cloud and Domain 2.0 Platform Integration

6 $1.6M $0.3M Revenue generated per employee Revenue generated per employee (17,000 (+contractors)) (220,000 (+contractors))

7 Automation Agility Profitability

8 Network Transformations Fiber Ethernet Mobile Smarter insights

9 5G - a new kind of a network One Network for Multiple Industries Enhanced mobile broadband Multi-Gbit/s data rate Extreme capacity Uniformity Deep awareness Mission critical services Ultra-low latency High reliability High availability Strong security Massive Internet of Things Low cost Ultra-low energy Deep coverage High density Extreme scalability + increase efficiency across all dimensions 2017 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 9

10 Mobile RAN Evolution The move to Fiber and C-RAN 10

11 Mobile RAN Evolution USA & Asia is leading the way! 11

12 Building Blocks of a Mobile Network Radio Access Mobile Core Network Multimedia Services PSTN and/or VoIP Internet MS UE Device Sensor (IoT) All 3G 4G/LTE RAN UTRAN E-UTRAN The Core CS/PS core EPC IMS Cloud Public & Private 3G+4G Single-RAN CDN 2016 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 12

13 Today s Wireless Network Reality Small Cells Outdoor DAS How to Distribute Multiple Antennas at Lower Cost - Fiber Cell Tower FTTA and RRH Mobile Backhaul RRH (Rooftop) Metro Core Network Mobile Backhaul Mobile Backhaul DAS Headend In-Building DAS FIBER Ethernet CPRI Mobile Backhaul Remote Unit Remote Unit DAS Headend

15 Network Quality Expectations Maximum BER Jitter Latency Frequency accuracy Optical Power Budget typical Fronthaul requirements CPRI specs < ± 2 ppb Round trip time LTE LTE-A < 250 μs ~ 190 μs X2-Delay in Joint-Transmission CoMP JT-CoMP < 5ms Latency Asymmetry +/- 16 ns +/- 2 ppb Time & phase synchronization is required for LTE Advanced; A phase accuracy requirement budget will be allocated to the CPRI link db Symmetric bit rate Examples: LTE / 150Mbps DL : CPRI Mbit/s LTE-A / 300Mbps DL : CPRI Mbit/s LTE-A / 600Mbps DL : CPRI Mbit/s

18 Frequencies and Bit Rates UE UE Antenna RRH BBU EPC UE UE Radio Fronthaul Backhaul CPRI / OBSAI IP x16 Carrier Freq. = 1.8 GHz Carrier Band = 20MHz Base Band RF = 2.4 Gb/s User Plane throughput = 150Mb/s (Example with LTE 2x2 MIMO 20MHz band) 2016 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 18

CPRI RATES AND EVOLUTION Also, CPRI option 9 (12.

20 CPRI Line Rates (CPRI Version 7.0) Options (Rates) Rate Mbit/s Line Coding Protocol Version (Scrambling) Mbit/s Mbit/s Version 1: No Scrambling +25% vs Option 7 +50% vs Option % vs Option Mbit/s Mbit/s Mbit/s Mbit/s 7A Mbit/s Mbit/s Mbit/s Mbit/s 8B/10B 64B/66B Version 1: No Scrambling Version 2: Scrambling Scrambling Recommended Version 2: Scrambling In data networking and transmission, 64b/66b is a line code that transforms 64-bit data to 66-bit line code to provide enough state changes to allow reasonable clock recovery and facilitate alignment of the data stream at the receiver

FTTA : Fiber To The Antenna Fronthaul Radi

Amp Antennas Optical Fiber cables Ant Ant

BBU DU pool = BBU Hotel CPRI RF Amp RF Amp

Cell Site Router CSR NID BACKHAUL MPLS EPC

Typical architecture for 4G / LTE cellular

22 FTTA : Fiber To The Antenna Fronthaul Radi o RRHs Radi Radi Ant o Radi o o RF Radio Amp Antennas Optical Fiber cables Ant Ant Copper / Coax Cables acronyms: RRU RRH DU BBU DU pool = BBU Hotel CPRI RF Amp RF Amp RF Amp Radio Radio Radio Base Band Unit Cell Site Router CSR NID BACKHAUL MPLS EPC Fronthaul Cell Site Cabinet = BBU Hotel Typical architecture for 4G / LTE cellular deployments 2016 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 22

FTTA is the new RAN Foundation CPRI link-rate explosion 3 Gbps data service 48 Gbps CPRI (4x4 MIMO in 200MHz band @ 28GHz considered for 5G) Make sure the foundation is good before building up What

23 FTTA is the new RAN Foundation CPRI link-rate explosion 3 Gbps data service 48 Gbps CPRI (4x4 MIMO in 200MHz 28GHz considered for 5G) Make sure the foundation is good before building up What you deploy should be ready for future requirements Upgrade to CRAN (driven by CoMP) Upgrade of the Optical Transport Network Higher CPRI rates Higher QoE requirements So, pay attention to FTTA first Verify the Optical connectors, SFP s Validate the Fibers (optical power budget) Validate the CPRI link (sync, alarms, BER, Latency)

More Pressure on RAN Centralization This transformation is already happening Complexification of radio access Coordination of radio resources: multiple carriers, CoMP, small cells, etc.

24 More Pressure on RAN Centralization This transformation is already happening Complexification of radio access Coordination of radio resources: multiple carriers, CoMP, small cells, etc. Challenge of delivering capacity, short latency, high availability Reduction of CAPEX and OPEX Antenna site simplification Energy consumption gain (>50%) Improved efficiency of field services More flexibility of operation Pool of BBUs in secured place Road blocks Availability of optical network up to antenna sites Which meets the specific requirements of CPRI and 3GPP 2016 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 24

downlink) < 16 ns (3 meters) Loss challenge: Longer distances in C-RAN imply loss; budget harder

25 From FTTA to Centralized RAN Key requirements: Latency (RTT of HARQ messages): 3 ms max. in LTE Power budget: target approx db Latency asymmetry (uplink vs. downlink) < 16 ns (3 meters) Loss challenge: Longer distances in C-RAN imply loss; budget harder to meet C-RAN introduces very «lossy» elements like MUX/DEMUX Macro-bends, splices, connectors, 2016 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 25

26 Technology transformation Flat architecture Carrier aggregation WiFi offload D2D Cat-M (CAT-M1)* NB-IoT Narrow-band LWA (LTE, WiFi), LAA (License assisted) New radio Extreme throughput Extreme latency Extreme connectivity Next-gen core SDN * Please see supporting material 2017 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 26

CPRI and 3GPP requirements are made for FTTA harder to meet in a

29 Type Desc. Availability Dedicated Fibers 1 fiber per CPRI Quickly Mobile Architecture Evolution Centralized Radio Access Networks (C-RAN) # of Fibers High Optical Network Options Passive WDM Active WDM Colored SFP (CWDM or DWDM) OTN based Quickly Short Term Low (2-4) Very Low (1-2) BBU Hotel (C.O.) Test domains Dispersion Ethernet Optical-RF Active + Passive WDM NG-PON2 CWDM + OTN Synergy w/ FTTH Short Term Long Term Low (2-4) Reuse FTTH network CPRI OTDR FIP Ethernet Fronthaul (ecpri) CPRI I/Q encapsul ated in Ethernet Long Term Medium to high Wireless Fronthaul Millimeter waves (unlicensed) Very Quick n/a

Main Sources of Issues in FTTA Cell Sites X?

connectors Connector not well seated in the coupler (Junction box/bbu/rrh) Wrong fiber

clicked-in properly within the SFP Faulty SFP at the RRH Wrong SFP plugged-in (RRH or

30 Main Sources of Issues in FTTA Cell Sites X? FIBER & CONNECTORS SFPS EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTION Dirty connectors Damaged/scratched connectors Connector not well seated in the coupler (Junction box/bbu/rrh) Wrong fiber pair matching between RRH & BBU Broken fiber connector at the RRH Fiber connector not clicked-in properly within the SFP Faulty SFP at the RRH Wrong SFP plugged-in (RRH or BBU), or not matching the opposite SFP Remote-radio-head DOA Remote-radio-head malfunction/not syncing Antenna malfunction Faulty SFPs Wrong CPRI data rate

31 Evolution of the Cell Tower The Move from Coax to Fiber Evolution Fronthaul: CPRI Protocol Fiber no access to analog RF signal

32 OpticalRF - RF Spectrum Analysis over CPRI Antenna #1 Antenna #2 RRH Downlink Uplink Uplink Downlink Optical Splitter BBU

33 OpticalRF Dual Quad AxC Side by Side Display Dual / Quad Antenna display to show diversity imbalances Can indicate faulty antenna or cabling issue (PIM)

34 EXFO s 5-Step Approach Mobile Fronthaul Network Validation Step 1 Connector inspection Step 2 Fiber characterization Step 3 CPRI link validation Step 4 BBU emulation Step 5 RF spectrum analysis Over CPRI Step 5 RF spectrum analysis over the air (OTA)

35 Typical FTTA Construction Application Multiple test points, Multiple measurements STEP 1 Fiber Connector Inspection (FIP) STEP 2 Fiber Link Loss / ORL (iolm) STEP 3 CPRI Master Interface Emulation STEP 4 Digitized RF Spectrum Analysis

Deployment & Field Services Challenges Speeds up cell-site deployment / problem

Reduce field dispatches and prevent unnecessary tower climbs Validation of the

provides Expertise on Methods & Procedures: Connector & Fiber test methods

36 Deployment & Field Services Challenges Speeds up cell-site deployment / problem resolution Close the technology gap: transition from copper / RF to fiber / CPRI Reduce field dispatches and prevent unnecessary tower climbs Validation of the Product Specification + faster turn-up To keep the project and budget on track EXFO provides Expertise on Methods & Procedures: Connector & Fiber test methods Documented Performance (Reporting) Centralized management of MOP 2016 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 36

38 Conclusions C-RAN being deployed as a roadmap to 5G networks Centralized RAN is the predominant architecture, but this will evolve over time to cloud RAN Fronthaul Considerations Latency Synchronization Bandwidth Performance Fronthaul Solutions CWDM and DWDM fronthaul Overlapping fronthaul with backhaul Semi-passive fronthaul ROADMs - flexible routing Deployment/Operation Considerations Construction Testing, measurement and validation Service monitoring Troubleshooting 2016 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 38

39 EXFO EXPERTISE REACHING OUT Thank you! Trusted Advisor For Rollout MoP Workflow Management Lab, Field, and Operation Test Based on years of experience with operators

40 Thank you! EXPERTISE REACHING OUT

Visionary Technology Presentations

Visionary Technology Presentations The path toward C-RAN and V-RAN Philippe Chanclou, 5G WORLD 5G LIVE! THEATRE - DAY ONE JUNE 29th 2016 29th 30 th June 2016 London U-K Co-Ax The Radio Access Network architecture