All-Optical Switches The Evolution of Optical Functionality Roy Appelman, Zeev Zalevsky, Jacob Vertman, Jim Goede, Civcom
|
|
- Derrick Pope
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 All-Optical Switches The Evolution of Optical Functionality Roy Appelman, Zeev Zalevsky, Jacob Vertman, Jim Goede, Civcom Introduction Over the last few years, significant changes in optical networking have occurred. The ever-increasing demand for data services has been the driving force behind the wide deployment of new technologies to increase network capacity. Traditional optical networks were designed for efficient bandwidth utilization for voice applications, while not incorporating true optical layer functionality. Today, service providers are seeking to deploy new, intelligent optical networks based on a new generation of optical components in order to increase capacity, while decreasing operational costs and increasing revenues. These components are characterized by new optical functionality, as well as multi-function integration. One such component is the all-optical switch. The switch has evolved from a simple opto-mechanical device to an integrated component operating at higher speeds and incorporating new functionality. The use of optical switches for wavelength routing and optical cross connect applications has been explored extensively. However, the addition of new capabilities, such as dynamic variable optical attenuation (VOA) and optical multicast, into the optical switch component, together with the increase in operation speed, offers significant advantages and enables a variety of new applications. This white paper explores the different applications enabled using this breed of components. Table-1 illustrates a comparison between next generation optical switches and traditional devices. Next generation components are characterized by better performance (see Fig.-1) and additional optical functionality. This improved performance enables a plethora of new telecommunication applications (see Fig.-2). Applications range from the introduction of new networking technologies to new novel system implementations. This paper explores some of the new applications that stand to benefit from these new, next-generation optical components. Characteristic Traditional Optical Switches Next Generation Optical Switches Switching Speed >1ms <1µsec Multicast Not available Dynamic power partition between ports Integrated VOA Not available High dynamic range VOA functionality Reliability Based on mechanical devices (~10 Million cycles) Based on opto-electronic elements (~10 Billion cycles) Insertion loss Low Low Cross talk High 1 Low Scalability (in port count) Low Medium - High 1 While operating at sub ms switching speeds. Table-1 A comparison between traditional and next generation optical switches Figure-1 Typical switching performance of a next generation all-optical switch 1 Figure-2 Switching requirements from telecommunication applications
2 Optical Protection Schemes The establishment of SONET/SDH as the dominant transport technology has introduced some de-facto standards in network protection schemes. The emerging practice has tended towards the use of dual homing (or no protection) in the network access, self healing SONET/SDH rings in the MAN, and 1:1 or 1:N (primarily) linear protection in the longhaul [1]. The evolution towards intelligent optical networks has lead to the need for new, all-optical protection schemes to address a wide variety of network architectures, such as rings, linked rings, hybrid mesh-ring and mesh architectures. The integration of switching, multicast, and attenuation control is extremely useful when designing such protection schemes. For example, some of the most well-known ring protection schemes are Unidirectional Path Switched Ring (UPSR) and 2- Bi-directional Line Switched Ring (BLSR/2). Recently these schemes have been mapped into the optical domain [2] to create optical channel dedicated path protection rings (OCh-DPRING - based on O-UPSR) and optical multiplexed section shared protection rings (OMS- SPRING - based on O-BLSR) optical protection schemes (see Fig.-3). In the OCh-DPRING scheme (1+1 approach), each fiber carries wavelength channels in counter-propagating directions. The wavelengths are bridged at the head-end, which provides the ability to perform receiver-based protection switching with little or no signaling (see Fig-3a). The use of the dynamic multicast function in the integrated optical switch can help in the design of an OCh-DPRING architecture. The power distribution capability compensates for the power loss incurred from bridging. Since the optical paths in both directions of the ring are seldom equal, a dynamic power distribution approach is more efficient. Another method for improving efficiency is to lower the signal level below the standard operating SNR. Bridge function This allows for relatively fast and simple receiver-initiated protection schemes with minimal power penalty. In the OMS-SPRING architecture, protection is performed at the fiber span (OMS) level. This is more cost-effective in heavily multiplexed DWDM systems. The OMS-SPRING scheme is based on performing fiber loopback at the node adjacent to the failure (see Fig.-3b). In this scheme two virtual fibers are created from the two physical ones. A wavelength assignment/numbering scheme is used and the working and protection wavelengths are divided between the fibers. This implies that the traffic in each fiber (both working and protection) travels in opposite directions. The wavelength assignment ensures a reserved, protected wavelength for each working one. This scheme has the advantage of protecting the fiber rather than the optical channel. However, it suffers from the need to address the additional distance of the protection path, and a more complex signaling protocol. The combined switching and attenuation control functions are necessary in this architecture to support a flexible wavelength assignment mechanism and to create an efficient fiber loopback mechanism. These added bonuses increase when applying OMS-SPRING to 4 fiber rings. Integrated optical switches make ring-based schemes scalable to linked-ring, mesh-ring and mesh architectures. Using fast optical switches with integrated gain control and multicast functionality enables the utilization of virtual protected ring architectures as an overlay [3] over physical mesh networks (see fig. 4). The result is fast restoration, enabling carriers to offer differentiated service(s). It s also possible to mix different types of protection schemes. For example, it s possible to mix 1:N linear protection with ringbased protection mechanisms on one segment of the optical path so that a high-risk link can be protected with more costly 1+1 ring based protection (such as OMS-SPRING) while using a more economical 1:N scheme for the rest of the path. Loopback protection A D A D Protection channel Cut Protection channel Cut B C B C (A) DPRING protection scheme (B) OMS-SPRING protection scheme Figure-3 Ring based optical protecion schemes 2
3 B Dynamic switch and VOA function E Dynamic multicast function A Cut F Protection channel C D (A) DPRING protection scheme over mesh B E loopback - dynamic switch and VOA function Dynamic switch and VOA A Cut F Protection channel C D (B) OMS-SPRING protection scheme over mesh Figure-4 Ring based virtual optical protecion schemes overlaying physical mesh architecture 3
4 Dynamic All-Optical Networks The rising customer demand for high bandwidth dataoriented services, coupled with recent advances in optical technology, has led to the introduction of dynamic, intelligent optical networks. The intelligent optical layer offers various services and performance enhancements such as dynamic channel provisioning, optical power monitoring, optical layer protection and optical burst switching. For both all-optical and O-E-O based networks, these new features create a DWDM network capable of dynamic wavelength allocation. The control plane for these types of networks may be based on network management systems, GMPLS or an optical burst switching variant, however the optical functionality required in all cases is similar. Dynamic wavelength allocation creates the need to better adapt to changes in the physical layer in the network. To illustrate, the network model in Figure-5 will be used. A steady state network topology, that includes single wavelength connectivity between nodes A and G via nodes C and F, is shown. At a given time, an additional wavelength is lit between nodes D and G. The effects of introducing a new wavelength differ for an O-E-O based network and an alloptical one. In O-E-O networks the wavelength is terminated at every node. This limits the optical effects to each link traversed by the wavelength. It also allows for simple equalization of optical power at every link (transmitter output power). Therefore, in O-E-O based networks the transient effects are limited to the optical amplifiers. For example, the new wavelength between nodes D and G causes an increase of optical power at the input to amplifier 1. This results in 3dB less gain to the connected channel. The decrease in optical power doubles at amplifiers 2 and 3, causing a significant decrease in power at the receiver in node F. As a result, a LOS alarm and protection switch may occur. To avoid this problem, the amplifiers along the link must be able to adapt to changing input power. This can be done using electronic control of the amplifier pump, by integrating a closed loop VOA into the amplifier design to control the output power level, or through the use of an amplifier design such as the one described in Fig.-8. Each one of the options fits a different networking scenario. For example, the amplifier design described in Fig.-8 offers significant cost advantages as well as increased flexibility in wavelength provisioning, however it results in reduced performance. In contrast electronic control of the optical pump offers increased amplifier performance, however it is considerably more expensive and offers limited flexibility. In the all-optical case, the new wavelength that arrives from node D follows a different optical path than the one from node A. Hence, a difference in optical power results at the input to node C. This yields several possible effects: An increase of optical power at the input to amplifier one, resulting in decrease of gain to connected channels. Cross-talk between channels due to nonlinear effects both in the optical amplifier and optical fiber. Cross-talk between channels in the optical cross-connect due to insufficient isolation. To manage these effects, gain control of both the optical signal and amplifiers is required. Gain control at the optical cross-connects (OXC) assures operation within a desired range of optical power. A larger operational range results in better optical reachability, but is more difficult to achieve. Automatic gain controlled amplifiers are necessary to address amplifier gain changes in the network. The integrated switch may be used either in the amplifiers (see Fig.-8) or in the OXCs. Switch operation speed is also important. Lighting new wavelengths must be performed either very quickly or very slowly and incrementally. Fast operation allows the optical path to stabilize before protection mechanisms are triggered. This requires stabilization times in the sub-millisecond range (system implementation dependent), which may not be possible with all-optical components. Incremented operation lights up the wavelength in small power increments. The effect of each individual increment on the previously connected channels is negligible; therefore stabilizing times per increment may be relaxed. The drawback is the length of time needed for setting up a connection and the added complexity to the over-all process. Dynamic optical switch C Optical Amplifiers F A Amp. 1 Amp. 2 Amp. 3 Figure-5 Dynamic optical network example topology B G D Provisioned channel E 4
5 All-Optical Multicast The multicast concept for packet-oriented networks has been widely studied during the past years due to the exponentially increasing number of bandwidth-intensive applications. By extending the concept to the optical domain, packet-based applications such as Broadband Video, HDTV, Storage Area Networks and Multimedia can be provided with enhanced performance. In addition, other benefits, such as optimizing the network (minimizing transceiver usage in the network, maximization of the virtual connectivity between the network nodes, wavelength grooming, minimizing of the number of wavelengths, etc.) can be realized. This has led to recent interest in optical multicast-capable networks [4], [5], [6]. Optical multicast refers to point-to-multipoint connections that are created using light-trees (see Fig.-6). All-optical multicast refers to distribution of the optical input power between the various output ports of the node. To illustrate some of the benefits that may be gained from optical multicast, the example illustrated in Fig.-6 will be used. A single wavelength is shown connecting nodes {A, D, F, and G} (notice that node C is simply splitting the light while node F is performing a drop-andcontinue function). Assuming adequate optical budget, this same wavelength could connect node E as well (upon reception of a join request). Only one transmitter and 4 receivers are needed for this configuration. To achieve the same connectivity using an O-E-O configuration would require 5 transmitters and 5 receivers as well as highbandwidth electronic switching. An all-optical connection using point-to-point light paths would require 4 transmitters and 4 receivers as well as 4 different wavelengths due to the shared link between nodes A and C. These benefits have a cost. The realization of an optical multicast architecture must balance several conflicting design and performance criteria [4], including: 1. Minimizing the number of nodes traversed. 2. Minimizing some combination of the number of transceivers, optical amplifiers and O-E-O regenerators in the network. 3. Maximizing the virtual connectivity between the network nodes. 4. Maintaining an operable optical power budget. 5. Solving the Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) problem for both unicast and multicast connections that may exist side-by-side. 6. Minimizing the wavelength blocking probability. The optical switch with integrated multicast and gain control is a key device in the implementation of dynamic, all-optical, multicast-capable networks. They can help solve one of the primary design problems in optical multicast networks: managing the optical power budget. Since optical multicast inherently involves the distribution of the optical power among several client nodes, a power penalty is incurred. Flexible, dynamic power distribution keeps these losses to a minimum, while maximizing the efficiency of the network. In addition, when adding or removing a node from the multicast tree, the reaction time of the switch is important. For example, in the network scenario described in Fig.-6, upon reception of a join request from node E, power must be allocated along the optical path (in the tree) from node A to E. To assure network stability, it s imperative that the active connections to nodes {D, F, and J} are not disturbed. A closed-loop device (see Fig.-7) operating at submicrosecond speeds can minimize the effects of optical power transients on the active connections. A multicast enabled node C F A B Split added upon join request Working optical channel Point-to-point link G D Figure-6 Optical multicast network scenario E 5 Figure-7 Close loop gain controlled multicast device The device uses one of the multicast ports to monitor the optical power and changes the optical attenuation or multicast ratio accordingly
6 6
7 Optical Amplifiers Optical amplifiers (either EDFA or Raman) are usually built out of two main modules. A pump laser is used to supply the needed exciting power for the nonlinear optical effect providing the gain. A fiber gain module is used as the interaction medium for the amplification. The evolution of the optical layer, as detailed in the previous section, has not left the optical amplifiers behind. Today many different amplifier architectures are being developed to meet the evolving network s needs. Some architectures use electronic manipulation of the optical pump to provide increased dynamic range and to manage fast transients in the network. Some architectures are based on driving a single gain medium with several pump lasers, while other architectures provide low cost multi channel amplifiers by splitting a single pump laser between several gain modules. The evolved optical switch may be integrated into many of these architectures. It can be used as a fast gain control device either at the input or output of the amplifier to manage transients in the network and to enable the use of amplification modules with reduced dynamic range. It can also be used to create optical amplifier architectures where both wavelengths and fibers are provisioned dynamically. Figure-8 shows amplifier architecture that details such an adaptation. A single pump laser is used to excite a number of doped fibers. The optical switch with multicast and gain control functionality manages the power distribution between the interaction modules. This allows for the provisioning of gain modules for dark fibers. Using appropriate control-plane signaling, gain may be provided to these dark fibers at will. This architecture allows for gain control of existing optical channels in lit fibers as well as economic provisioning of dark ones. To illustrate, in order to provide gain to M active fibers as well as provision N-M dark ones, only one pump laser coupled to a 1xN-integrated switch is required (Figure-9). Using traditional amplifiers would require N pump lasers as well as N variable attenuators to manage the gain control. DWDM fibers Pump Laser 1xN switch Amplified DWDM fibers Gain medium Figure-8 Example of next generation optical amplifiers cable M Lit fibers N-M Dark fibers Single pump module A single next generation amplifier cable M Lit fibers M-N Dark fibers N traditional amplifiers with VOA Figure-9 provisioning scenario 7
8 OADMs Sonet/SDH rings are the most common topology in MANs today. The large installed base of fiber rings requires that any development in metro communication systems take this into account. This means that DWDM technology will initially be deployed over ring architectures with more economic hybrid mesh-ring and mesh architectures installed as overlays. Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (R- OADMs) are essential for deploying dynamic DWDM systems in ring architectures. The ability to reconfigure wavelengths quickly with no constraints allows carriers to dynamically provision their networks, thereby quickly realizing new revenue. All-optical reconfigurability also provides an easy migration path to more complex ring-mesh and mesh architectures. The evolved optical switch provides much needed optical functionality to the R-OADM. The switch provides the add/drop functionality. The gain control assists in wavelength reconfiguration, while the multicast functionality provides a Input much needed drop-and-continue function. Drop-and-continue is essential for provisioning wavelengths along interconnected rings, sharing a single wavelength s bandwidth between nodes, and for some protection architectures. Additional Applications As seen in this document, the evolved all-optical switch serves as an enabling technology for many telecommunication applications. However, the switch can be used in non-telecom applications as well. Using the switch in the optical set-up described in figure-10 results in a tapped delay line that may be used either as an optical buffer, temporal switch between packets, or the simulation of temporal multipath for RF-testing applications. Optical switches may also be used in a variety of testing equipment. When performing time consuming tests, such as PDL or insertion loss measurements on a multi-port optical system, significant time savings can be realized during manufacture by using fast, reliable optical switches (with or without multicast capability) to switch between the systems ports and the test equipment. Output 2x2 switching elements Data Packets The Result: Possible rearrangement of data time Data Packets time Input 1x2 switching elements 1xN Coupler Optical Signal Output Optical signal T in time The Result: A configurable optical Figure 10 A tapped optical delayline/buffer T in T out time Conclusion The evolution of the optical switch into a multi-functional alloptical device has enabled numerous novel applications that could not have been realized previously. These applications range from new networking applications, such as dynamic all-optical networks and optical burst switching, to test equipment and delay lines. Next generation infrastructures built upon these applications will provide new and useful services at a significantly lower cost. 8
9 References [1] Ayandeh S., Veitch P., Dynamic Protection and Restoration in Multilayer Networks, OIF , April [2] Ghani N., et al., Architectural Framwork for Automatic Protection Provisioning in Dynamic Optical Rings, OIF , January [3] Doverspike R., Yates j., Challenges for MPLS in Optical Network Restoration, IEEE Com. Magazine, Feb [4] Papadimitriou D., et al., Optical Multicast A Framework, OIF , April [5] Mukherjee B., et al., Light Trees: Optical Multicasting fo Improved Performance in Wavelength Router Networks, IEEE Com. Magazine, Feb [6] Papadimitriou D., et al., Optical Rings and Optical Hybrid Mesh-Rings Topologies, Internet Draft, Work in Progress, draft-papdimitiou-optical-rings-00.txt, Feb
ECE442 Communications Lecture 4. Optical Networks
ECE442 Communications Lecture 4. Optical Networks Husheng Li Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Spring, 2014 Network Elements 1 WDM networks provide circuit switched end-to-end optical
More informationOptical Fiber Communications. Optical Networks- unit 5
Optical Fiber Communications Optical Networks- unit 5 Network Terminology Stations are devices that network subscribers use to communicate. A network is a collection of interconnected stations. A node
More informationA Review of Traffic Management in WDM Optical Networks: Progress and Challenges
www.ijecs.in International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science ISSN:2319-7242 Volume 6 Issue 8 August 2017, Page No. 22309-22313 Index Copernicus value (2015): 58.10 DOI: 10.18535/ijecs/v6i8.13
More informationIntroduction Metro Area Optical Networks Components of a MAN Metro Service POP Core MAN Services Access Services Metro Optical Services Service POP
Introduction Metro Area Optical Networks Components of a MAN Metro Service POP Core MAN Services Access Services Metro Optical Services Service POP Services Core Services MAON Physical Topologies Four
More informationSynergies Between Optical and Packet Rings
Synergies Between Optical and Packet Rings Nasir Ghani Sorrento Networks Inc http://www.sorrentonet.com 50 th IETF Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, March 2001 50 th IETF Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, March 2001 Page
More informationOptical networking technology
1 Optical networking technology Technological advances in semiconductor products have essentially been the primary driver for the growth of networking that led to improvements and simplification in the
More informationTransport is now key for extended SAN applications. Main factors required in SAN interconnect transport solutions are:
E Transport is now key for extended SAN applications. Main factors required in SAN interconnect transport solutions are: Native support for all SAN protocols including ESCON, Fibre Channel and Gigabit
More informationNext Generation Requirements for DWDM network
Next Generation Requirements for DWDM network Roman Egorov Verizon Laboratories May 3, 2011 Verizon copyright 2011. NG Requirements for DWDM network: Outline Optical Transport Network Metro vs. Long-Haul
More informationSimulation of All Optical Networks
Simulation of All Optical Networks Raul Valls Aranda Communication Department Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV) C/ Camino de Vera s/n Valencia, Spain Pablo A. Beneit Mayordomo Communication Department
More informationOPTICAL EXPRESS The Key to Facilitating Cost-Effective and Efficient Network Growth
WHITE PAPER OPTICAL EXPRESS The Key to Facilitating Cost-Effective and Efficient Network Growth Driven by a new generation of high-bandwidth consumer and business services and applications, the demand
More informationAON Agile Optical Networks Measuring the Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio in Agile Optical
White Paper AON Agile Optical Networks Measuring the Optical Signal-to- Ratio in Agile Optical Introduction The mainstreaming of consumer broadband and the accelerated growth of enterprise traffic have
More information1. INTRODUCTION light tree First Generation Second Generation Third Generation
1. INTRODUCTION Today, there is a general consensus that, in the near future, wide area networks (WAN)(such as, a nation wide backbone network) will be based on Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) optical
More informationBenefits of Metropolitan Mesh Optical Networks
Tellabs 4951 Indiana Avenue Lisle, Illinois 60532 U.S.A. Tel: +1.630.378.8800 Fax: +1.630.852.7346 www.tellabs.com Benefits of Metropolitan Mesh Optical Networks Bert Buescher, senior product marketing
More informationREDUCING CAPEX AND OPEX THROUGH CONVERGED OPTICAL INFRASTRUCTURES. Duane Webber Cisco Systems, Inc.
REDUCING CAPEX AND OPEX THROUGH CONVERGED OPTICAL INFRASTRUCTURES Duane Webber Cisco Systems, Inc. Abstract Today's Cable Operator optical infrastructure designs are becoming more important as customers
More informationWavelength-Switched to Flex-Grid Optical Networks
Book Chapter Review-Evolution from Wavelength-Switched to Flex-Grid Optical Networks Tanjila Ahmed Agenda ØObjective ØIdentifying the Problem ØSolution: Flex-Grid Network ØFixed-grid DWDM Architecture
More informationInternet Traffic Characteristics. How to take care of the Bursty IP traffic in Optical Networks
Internet Traffic Characteristics Bursty Internet Traffic Statistical aggregation of the bursty data leads to the efficiency of the Internet. Large Variation in Source Bandwidth 10BaseT (10Mb/s), 100BaseT(100Mb/s),
More informationDWDM Topologies CHAPTER. This chapter explains Cisco ONS dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) topologies.
CHAPTER 12 This chapter explains Cisco ONS 15454 dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) topologies. Note The terms "Unidirectional Path Switched Ring" and "UPSR" may appear in Cisco literature.
More informationDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING M.E., - COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS FIRST YEAR / FIRST SEMESTER - BATCH: 2014-2016 CU7103 OPTICAL NETWORKS 1 SYLLABUS CU7103 OPTICAL NETWORKS L T P C 3
More informationNew Approaches to Optical Packet Switching in Carrier Networks. Thomas C. McDermott Chiaro Networks Richardson, Texas
New Approaches to Optical Packet Switching in Carrier Networks Thomas C. McDermott Chiaro Networks Richardson, Texas Outline Introduction, Vision, Problem statement Approaches to Optical Packet Switching
More informationName of Course : E1-E2 CFA. Chapter 15. Topic : DWDM
Name of Course : E1-E2 CFA Chapter 15 Topic : DWDM Date of Creation : 28.03.2011 DWDM 1.0 Introduction The emergence of DWDM is one of the most recent and important phenomena in the development of fiber
More informationCoriant mtera ROADM. Compact, Flexible, and Future-proof Route and Select ROADM-on-a-Blade
Coriant mtera ROADM Compact, Flexible, and Future-proof Route and Select ROADM-on-a-Blade The demand for more bandwidth and greater agility has been driving network operators to deploy ROADM-based optical
More informationNetwork Topologies & Error Performance Monitoring in SDH Technology
Network Topologies & Error Performance Monitoring in SDH Technology Shiva Sharma Electronics and Communications Department Dronacharya College of Engineering Gurgaon, Haryana Shiva.92@hotmail.com Abstract
More informationWhy Service Providers Should Consider IPoDWDM for 100G and Beyond
Why Service Providers Should Consider IPoDWDM for 100G and Beyond Executive Summary The volume of traffic on service providers networks is growing dramatically and correspondingly increasing cost pressures.
More informationMETRO/ENTERPRISE WDM PLATFORM
F L A S H W A V E METRO/ENTERPRISE WDM PLATFORM SCALABLE OPTICAL TRANSPORT Metro optical transport networks are increasingly defined by the unpredictable convergence of voice, data and video technologies.
More informationOptical Communications and Networking 朱祖勍. Nov. 27, 2017
Optical Communications and Networking Nov. 27, 2017 1 What is a Core Network? A core network is the central part of a telecommunication network that provides services to customers who are connected by
More informationAlcatel-Lucent 1675 LambdaUnite MultiService Switch
Alcatel-Lucent 1675 LambdaUnite MultiService Switch Versatile switching platform designed to meet today s network requirements and to drive future network trends LambdaUnite MultiService Switch (MSS) is
More informationMulticasting with Physical Layer Constraints in Metropolitan Optical Networks with Mesh Topologies
Multicasting with Physical Layer Constraints in Metropolitan Optical Networks with Mesh Topologies Tania Panayiotou KIOS Research Center for Intelligent Systems and Networks Dept Electrical and Computer
More informationControl and Management of Optical Networks
Control and Management of Optical Networks Typical Management Functions! Performance management! Fault management! Configuration management! Security management! Accounting management! Safety management
More informationOPTICAL NETWORKS. Optical Metro Networks. A. Gençata İTÜ, Dept. Computer Engineering 2005
OPTICAL NETWORKS Optical Metro Networks A. Gençata İTÜ, Dept. Computer Engineering 2005 Introduction Telecommunications networks are normally segmented in a three-tier hierarchy: Access, metropolitan,
More informationOptical Networks. A Practical Perspective. Rajiv Ramaswami Kumar N. Sivarajan MORGAN KAUFMANN PUBLISHERS
Optical Networks A Practical Perspective Second Edition Rajiv Ramaswami Kumar N. Sivarajan к MORGAN KAUFMANN PUBLISHERS AN IMPRINT OF ACADEMIC PRESS A Division of Harcourt, Inc. SAN FRANCISCO SAN DIEGO
More information10 Optical Network Engineering
10 Optical Network Engineering George N. Rouskas Department of Computer Science North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695-7534 Email: rouskas@csc.ncsu.edu 10.1 INTRODUCTION Over the last few years
More informationProgress Report No. 15. Shared Segments Protection
NEXT GENERATION NETWORK (NGN) AVAILABILITY & RESILIENCE RESEARCH Progress Report No. 15 Shared Segments Protection The University of Canterbury Team 18 April 2006 Abstract As a complement to the Canterbury
More informationRESILIENT PACKET RING TECHNOLOGY
1 RESILIENT PACKET RING TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTION 1. An important trend in networking is the migration of packet-based technologies from Local Area Networks to Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs). The rapidly
More informationFigure 1: History has shown that switching and grooming speeds increase as transport speeds increase
EFFICIENT NETWORK SWITCHING HIERARCHY Stephen French*, Dr. Jean-Francois Labourdette, Dr. Krishna Bala and Patricia Miller-Pittman Tellium Inc., 2 Crescent Place, Oceanport, NJ 07757 *sfrench@tellium.com,
More informationEvolving the metro network Metro optical network infrastructure for the cloud generation
Evolving the metro network Evolving the metro network Metro optical network infrastructure for the cloud generation 1 Where network infrastructure and metro strategy meet Metro networks are experiencing
More informationOFFH-CDM ALL-OPTICAL NETWORK
Patent Title: OFFH-CDM ALL-OPTICAL NETWORK Inventor: FOULI K., MENIF M., LADDADA R., AND FATHALLAH H. Status: US PATENT PENDING, APRIL 2008 Reference Number: 000819-0100 1 US Patent Pending: 000819-0100
More informationThe Company Behind the Smartest, Fastest Optical Networks
The Company Behind the Smartest, Fastest Optical Networks SMART PIONEERING FOCUSED The Products Inside the Smartest, Fastest Optical Networks STANDARDS-SETTING SCALABLE INNOVATIVE Smarter Software, Faster
More informationCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION. In Communication Networks, Survivability is an important factor
1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION In Communication Networks, Survivability is an important factor to be considered in planning and designing of Survivable Fiber Optic Networks (SFON). Survivability depicts network
More informationA Modified Heuristic Approach of Logical Topology Design in WDM Optical Networks
Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering 008 May 3-5, 008 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia A Modified Heuristic Approach of Logical Topology Design in WDM Optical Networks
More informationOpen Cloud Interconnect: Use Cases for the QFX10000 Coherent DWDM Line Card
Open Cloud Interconnect: Use Cases for the QFX10000 DWDM Delivering Scale, Security, and Resiliency to Metro, Regional, and Long-Haul Data Center Interconnect 1 Open Cloud Interconnect: Use Cases for the
More informationNetworking in DWDM systems. Péter Barta András Kalmár 7-9. of April, Debrecen
Networking in DWDM systems Zero Touch Photonics Péter Barta András Kalmár 7-9. of April, 2010 -Debrecen Outline Drivers Flexibility and transparency benefits Tunable ROADM (Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop
More informationERicsson pau 140o family photonic attachment unit
ERicsson pau 140o family photonic attachment unit ERicsson pau The Ericsson Photonic Attachment Unit (PAU) family provides a variety of DWDM networking functions for building the photonic network layer
More informationON JOINT RESTORATION OF PACKET-OVER-OPTICAL NETWORKS
ON JOINT RESTORATION OF PACKET-OVER-OPTICAL NETWORKS Chunxiao Chigan 1,2 Gary W. Atkinson 1 Ramesh Nagarajan 1 Thomas G. Robertazzi 2 1 Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, 101 Crawfords Corner Road, NJ 07733
More informationAlcatel 1671 Service Connect
Alcatel 1671 Service Connect Service providers are looking for a solution that allows them to realize advanced capabilities today, while charting a clear migration strategy from traditional equipment to
More informationOPTICAL LAYER PLUGGABLES: THE END OF HARD CHOICES IN THE METRO?
WHITE PAPER OPTICAL LAYER PLUGGABLES: THE END OF HARD CHOICES IN THE METRO? Examining Three Optical Layer Architectures Internet video, enterprise cloud, and Data Center Interconnect (DCI) are driving
More informationmtera SONET/SDH Migration
APPLICATION NOTE mtera SONET/SDH Migration Evolving TDM Networks to / with the Coriant mtera UTP Although spending on SONET/SDH infrastructure has declined over the past decade, the technology persists
More informationIS WDM READY FOR LOCAL NETWORKS?
IS WDM READY FOR LOCAL TWORKS? by Brent Allen and Solomon Wong Nortel Networks, OPTera Metro Solutions KANATA, Canada Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology, in the form of photonic networking,
More informationEthernet and TDM Sub-Wavelength Switching in Packet Optical Networking Platforms with a Centralized Switch
Ethernet and TDM Sub-Wavelength Switching in Packet Optical Networking Platforms with a Centralized Switch Design and Developers Forum, Globecom 2008 Sunan Han Fujitsu Network Communications The Integration
More informationName of Course : E1-E2 CFA. Chapter 14. Topic : NG SDH & MSPP
Name of Course : E1-E2 CFA Chapter 14 Topic : NG SDH & MSPP Date of Creation : 28.03.2011 NGN SDH and MSPP 1. Introduction: Innovation, the lifeline to survival in the telecommunication market, has spurred
More informationArista 7500E DWDM Solution and Use Cases
ARISTA WHITE PAPER Arista DWDM Solution and Use Cases The introduction of the Arista 7500E Series DWDM solution expands the capabilities of the Arista 7000 Series with a new, high-density, high-performance,
More informationOptical Loss Budgets
CHAPTER 4 The optical loss budget is an important aspect in designing networks with the Cisco ONS 15540. The optical loss budget is the ultimate limiting factor in distances between nodes in a topology.
More informationOnePlanner. Unified Design System
DATA SHEET OnePlanner Unified Design System OnePlanner is an advanced multi-layer network design and optimization tool that leverages Ciena s extensive background in Layer 1 control plane planning and
More informationA Novel Optimization Method of Optical Network Planning. Wu CHEN 1, a
A Novel Optimization Method of Optical Network Planning Wu CHEN 1, a 1 The engineering & technical college of chengdu university of technology, leshan, 614000,china; a wchen_leshan@126.com Keywords:wavelength
More informationCircuit Emulation Service
Best in class Network Modernization Approach Circuit Emulation enables telecom operators to translate legacy systems using TDM signals such as E1/, E3/DS3, STM-n/OC-n to appropriate packet formats and
More informationEvolution of Protection Technologies in Metro Core Optical Networks
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive) Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences 2006 Evolution of Protection Technologies in Metro Core Optical Networks
More informationResilient IP Backbones. Debanjan Saha Tellium, Inc.
Resilient IP Backbones Debanjan Saha Tellium, Inc. dsaha@tellium.com 1 Outline Industry overview IP backbone alternatives IP-over-DWDM IP-over-OTN Traffic routing & planning Network case studies Research
More informationSWITCHlambda Update Felix Kugler, SWITCH
SWITCHlambda Update Felix Kugler, SWITCH 2003 SWITCH Topics SWITCHlan network topology & technology 10Gigabit Ethernet testing on DWDM links Single Fiber Gigabit Ethernet 2 SWITCHlan topology by end of
More informationThe Emerging Optical Control Plane
The Emerging Optical Control Plane Traditional transport networks can be modeled as the interaction of two operating planes: a transport plane and a management plane. In this model, the transport plane
More informationWide Area Networks :
Wide Area Networks : Backbone Infrastructure Ian Pratt University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory Outline Demands for backbone bandwidth Fibre technology DWDM Long-haul link design Backbone network technology
More informationOptical Transport Platform
Optical Transport Platform Bandwidth expansion on demand MICROSENS fiber optic solutions - intelligent, reliable, high-performance Optical Transport Platform The MICROSENS Optical Transport Platform provides
More informationLambda Networks DWDM. Vara Varavithya Department of Electrical Engineering King Mongkut s Institute of Technology North Bangkok
Lambda Networks DWDM Vara Varavithya Department of Electrical Engineering King Mongkut s Institute of Technology North Bangkok vara@kmitnb.ac.th Treads in Communication Information: High Speed, Anywhere,
More informationMultilayer Design. Grooming Layer + Optical Layer
Multilayer Design Grooming Layer + Optical Layer Raghu Ranganathan, Office of CTO Email: rraghu@ciena.com OFC 2008 Workshop Acknowledgements: Joe Berthold Loudon Blair Michael Frankel Lyndon Ong Harshad
More informationTECHNOLOGY PAPER ON HIGH CAPACITY DWDM NETWORK
DOCUMENT NO.: PBT 132 Copyright Commtel D. N. S. (India) Pvt. Ltd. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION... 3 2 SCOPE... 3 3 DWDM TECHNOLOGY... 3 4 FIBERS SUPPORTING DWDM... 5 5 DWDM ARCHITECTURES... 6 6 NOKIA
More informationIntroduction CHAPTER ONE
CHAPTER ONE Introduction Despite the fact that optical fiber is the prevalent transmission medium and the emergence of true optical networking has been anticipated since the early 1990s [1], current networks
More informationChoosing the Right. Ethernet Solution. How to Make the Best Choice for Your Business
Choosing the Right Ethernet Solution How to Make the Best Choice for Your Business TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 CH. 1 Why Do Organizations Choose Ethernet? 4 CH. 2 What Type of Ethernet Solutions Will
More informationMulti-Protocol Lambda Switching for Packet, Lambda, and Fiber Network
Multi-Protocol Lambda Switching for Packet, Lambda, and Fiber Network Jun Kyun Choi Tel) (042) 866-6122 1 Contents Backgrounds for Optical Network Review of SONET/SDH Technologies Motivations for IP over
More informationEricsson ip transport nms
Ericsson ip transport nms Ericsson IP Transport NMS is the fully integrated and complete end-to-end O&M management solution for the IP and transport products used in mobile backhaul, metro, core and fixed/mobile
More informationSurvivability Architectures for Service Independent Access Points to Multiwavelength Optical Wide Area Networks
Survivability Architectures for Service Independent Access Points to Multiwavelength Optical Wide Area Networks Master s Thesis Defense Ananth Nagarajan EECS Department, University of Kansas 10/13/98 Outline
More informationExcellence in Connectivity Solutions
HUBER+SUHNER Polatis All Optical Switching FIBER LAYER SWITCHING AT SCALE Highest Capacity All-Optical Switch Industry Leading Port Density Superior Optical Performance Carrier Class Reliability Proven
More informationCHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction. This chapter provides in detail about the multiple access technologies and the OCDMA system. It starts with a discussion on various existing multiple-access
More informationSimple Optical Network Architectures
Simple Optical Network Architectures Point to Point Link The simplest optical communication system is that linking two points. The length of such links may be a small as 100 m for say, a computer data
More informationMultiservice Optical Switching System CoreDirector FS. Offering new services and enhancing service velocity
Multiservice Optical Switching System CoreDirector FS Offering new services and enhancing service velocity Transform your network into a programmable set of network resources, fundamentally changing the
More informationData Center Interconnect Solution Overview
CHAPTER 2 The term DCI (Data Center Interconnect) is relevant in all scenarios where different levels of connectivity are required between two or more data center locations in order to provide flexibility
More informationThe Analysis of SARDANA HPON Networks Using the HPON Network Configurator
The Analysis of SARDANA HPON Networks Using the HPON Network Configurator Rastislav ROKA Institute of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University
More informationSycamore Networks Implementation of the ITU-T G.ASON Control Plane
Technical Brief Sycamore Networks Implementation of the ITU-T G.SON Control Plane bstract This document provides a detailed overview of the control plane behavior of Sycamore Networks SN 16000 Intelligent
More informationProtection Schemes and Network Topologies
CHAPTER 2 This chapter describes how protection is implemented on the Cisco ONS 15540 ESPx. It also describes the supported network topologies and how protection works in these topologies. This chapter
More informationS Optical Networks Course Lecture 7: Optical Network Design
S-72.3340 Optical Networks Course Lecture 7: Optical Network Design Edward Mutafungwa Communications Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, P. O. Box 2300, FIN-02015 TKK, Finland Tel: +358 9 451
More informationAlcatel 1696 Metro Span. Metropolitan DWDM System
Alcatel 1696 Metro Span Metropolitan DWDM System In metropolitan areas, the need for higher bandwidth and valueadded services is becoming increasingly critical. Service providers must find flexible and
More informationS.R.M. University Faculty of Engineering and Technology School of Electronics and Communication Engineering
S.R.M. University Faculty of Engineering and Technology School of Electronics and Communication Engineering Question Bank Subject Code : EC459 Subject Name : Optical Networks Class : IV Year B.Tech (ECE)
More informationTopology Design of Large-Scale Optical Networks. Yufeng Xin
ABSTRACT Yufeng Xin. Topology Design of Large-Scale Optical Networks. (Under the direction of Professor George N. Rouskas and Professor Harry G. Perros). Optical networks consisting of optical cross-connects(oxcs)
More informationBridging the Gap in Optical Network Testing by Bill Heselden
Bridging the Gap in Optical Network Testing by Bill Heselden TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1.0 Meeting Demand 02 2.0 Installation Testing 03 3.0 Commissioning the MON 05 The evolution of service is driving a desire
More informationFLEXING NEXT GENERATION OPTICAL MUSCLES
FLEXING NEXT GENERATION OPTICAL MUSCLES A Perspective on Flexi-rate Innovation and True 400G From high-capacity data center connectivity to LTE-enabled mobility, the foundation of our modern communications
More informationProtection for Tree-Based EPON-FTTH Architecture Using Combination ACS and OXADM
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4(12): 6260-6268, 2010 ISSN 1991-8178 Protection for Tree-Based EPON-FTTH Architecture Using Combination ACS and OXADM Mohammad Syuhaimi Ab-Rahman Computer
More informationNetwork Survivability
Network Survivability Bernard Cousin Outline Introduction to Network Survivability Types of Network Failures Reliability Requirements and Schemes Principles of Network Recovery Performance of Recovery
More informationTeraWave Fiber Fiber for the Long Haul
TeraWave Fiber Fiber for the Long Haul David Mazzarese John George Robert Lingle March 2014 OFS Technical Marketing and Professional Services Long Haul Network Capacity Reaching Limits Advanced Fibers
More informationCourse Details. Optical Networks. Grading. Course References. Outline of Course. Course Project. Jason Jue The University of Texas at Dallas
Course Details Optical Networks Jason Jue The University of Texas at Dallas Instructor: Jason Jue E-mail: jjue@utdallas.edu URL: http://www.utdallas.edu/~jjue/optical/ Lectures: Thursday 2-5 pm Course
More informationJoint ITU-T/IEEE Workshop on Next Generation Optical Access Systems. Standards Overview of ITU-T SG15/Q2
Joint ITU-T/IEEE Workshop on Next Generation Optical Access Systems Standards Overview of ITU-T SG15/Q2 David Faulkner ITU/SG15/Q2 Rapporteur Objectives of this Presentation Review SG15/Q2 on Optical Systems
More informationFault management. Acnowledgements
Fault management Andrea Bianco Telecommunication Network Group firstname.lastname@polito.it http://www.telematica.polito.it/ Computer Networks Design and Management - Acnowledgements Inspired by Davide
More informationFault management. Fault management. Acnowledgements. The impact of network failures. Pag. 1. Inspired by
Fault management ndrea Bianco Telecommunication Network Group firstname.lastname@polito.it http://www.telematica.polito.it/ Network Management and QoS Provisioning - 1 cnowledgements Inspired by Davide
More information-ZTE broadband metro network solution Electro-optical cross connection inducing higher value.
-ZTE broadband metro network solution Electro-optical cross connection inducing higher value www.zte.com.cn Challenges to IP-based metro transport network As telecoms networks are in the shift to be packetized
More informationNETWORK TOPOLOGIES. Application Notes. Keywords Topology, P2P, Bus, Ring, Star, Mesh, Tree, PON, Ethernet. Author John Peter & Timo Perttunen
Application Notes NETWORK TOPOLOGIES Author John Peter & Timo Perttunen Issued June 2014 Abstract Network topology is the way various components of a network (like nodes, links, peripherals, etc) are arranged.
More informationTHETARAY ANOMALY DETECTION
NEPTUNE 0100110001101111011100100110010101101101001000000110100101110 0000111001101110101011011010010000001100100011011110110110001 1011110111001000100000011100110110100101110100001000000110000 1011011010110010101110100001011000010000001100011011011110110
More informationData Center Revolution Impact on Ethernet and MPLS
USB Data Center Revolution Impact on Ethernet and MPLS Umesh Kukreja Hans-Jürgen Schmidtke Kim Jones FutureNet, April 2008 1 Nokia Siemens Networks Copyright Nokia Siemens Networks, 2007. All rights reserved.
More informationZero touch photonics. networks with the cost efficiency of WDM. András Kalmár Péter Barta 15. April, Szeged
Zero touch photonics Combining the flexibility of TDM networks with the cost efficiency of WDM András Kalmár Péter Barta 15. April, 2009 - Szeged Outline Drivers Flexibility and transparency benefits Tunable
More informationMicro or MSA Gain Block
Micro or MSA Gain Block Features * Micro (40x64x12mm) or MSA (70x90x15mm) compact CGB size * MSA (70x90x12mm) compact AGB size * Wide operating wavelength range * ized single-mode fiber pigtail * Exceptionally
More informationCore Networks Evolution
Core Networks Evolution Prof. Daniel Kofman daniel.kofman@enst.fr Telecom Paris - ENST Content Any Service, Any Time, Everywhere, Everyone Towards the triple play and beyond Main trends in Core Networks
More informationAllWave FIBER BENEFITS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. Metropolitan Interoffice Transport Networks
AllWave FIBER BENEFITS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Metropolitan Interoffice Transport Networks OFS studies and other industry studies show that the most economic means of handling the expected exponential growth
More informationSONET Bidirectional Line-Switched Ring Equipment Generic Criteria
Contents SONET Bidirectional Line-Switched Ring Equipment Generic Criteria Contents Contents 1. Introduction... 1 1 1.1 Update History...1 2 1.2 Scope...1 4 1.3 Criteria...1 5 1.4 Requirement Labeling
More informationOptical Technologies in Terabit Networks. Dr. John Ryan Principal & Chief Analyst RHK
Optical Technologies in Terabit Networks Dr. John Ryan Principal & Chief Analyst RHK Optical Internetworking Forum, Atlanta, June 5th, 2000 IP Traffic Is Exploding... RHK's Internet Traffic Forecast 18,000,000
More informationProgrammableFlow White Paper. March 24, 2016 NEC Corporation
March 24, 2016 NEC Corporation Contents Preface 3 OpenFlow and ProgrammableFlow 5 Seven Functions and Techniques in ProgrammableFlow 6 Conclusion 19 2 NEC Corporation 2016 Preface SDN (Software-Defined
More information