The NIC is the main interface between the computer and the network cable.
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1 The NIC is the main interface between the computer and the network cable. 50
2 Parallel data into serial data. Memory CPU Computer Cable NIC 51
3 Considerations when selecting the NIC: Type of cable connection Type of Address/Data Bus The method used to configure the card. 52
4 The NIC must match the cable. RJ-45 BNC 53
5 RJ-45 Connector 54
6 The NIC must match the Address/Data Bus of the computer. ISA PCI 55
7 Installing the NIC in the computer. NIC installed inside the computer. Normally plugs into a bus slot. Some are built right into the motherboard. Plug-in boards must be configured correctly. 56
8 NIC Configuration Methods Plug-and-Play EEPROM Jumper pins 57
9 Preparing to Install the NIC Ensure there is an open bus slot. Ensure the adapter is compatible. Ensure there are system resources available. Ensure all installation items are available. Ensure all software is available. 58
10 Installing the NIC Hardware Configure the NIC to available resources. Use a ground strap. Remove cover from the computer. Remove rear panel slot cover plate. Remove card from its antistatic bag and immediately plug it into motherboard. Secure card slot cover plate to computer. 59
11 Installing the NIC Software Loading the device driver used by the NIC. Loading any utilities supplied with the NIC. 60
12 NIC Device Driver Supports communication between the NIC and OS. Automatically installed and configured if both NIC and OS support PnP. In other cases, driver loaded from floppy or CD supplied with NIC. 61
13 A more recent device driver may be available at the website of the NIC manufacturer. 62
14 Troubleshooting the NIC Is NIC talking to the motherboard? Is the NIC working internally? Is the NIC communicating with the external network? 63
15 LEDs Link Activity 64
16 Twisted-Pair Cable UTP Unshielded Twisted-Pair STP Shielded Twisted-Pair 65
17 Twisted-Pair Cable Foil Shield Foil Shield Wire Braid Shield STP UTP STP 66
18 10BaseT Ethernet uses Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable. 67
19 RJ-45 Connector Strain Relief Crimp Contacts Wires Latch 68
20 Twisted-Pair Advantages UTP is inexpensive. Workstations isolated from each other by central hub. Easy to add workstations to segment. Easier to route than coaxial cable. Easier to troubleshoot than coaxial cable network. 69
21 Twisted-Pair Disadvantages UTP cable is susceptible to RFI/EMI. Suffers crosstalk between wire pairs. Poor conductor; attenuates signal more quickly than coax. Maximum segment length half of coax. STP cable more expensive than UTP cable or coax. Difficult to work with shielding. 70
22 EIA/TIA Cable Categories Category 1 Voice-grade UTP phone Category 2 Data-grade UTP, 4 Mbps Category 3 Data-grade UTP, 10 Mbps Category 4 Data-grade UTP, 16 Mbps Category 5 Data-grade UTP, 100 Mbps 71
23 Category 3 Cable Common data-grade cable. Four unshielded twisted-pair wires. Transmission rates up to 10 Mbps. 72
24 Category 5 Cable Data-grade cable. Official transmission rates up to 100 Mbps. Four unshielded twisted-pair wires. 73
25 Two Bus Technologies: 10Base5 or Thicknet 10Base2 or Thinnet 74
26 Coaxial Cable Characteristics RG-58 Thinnet Cable Sleeve Wire Braid Dielectric Center Conductor RG-8 Thicknet Cable Foil 75
27 Coax Advantages Resistant to RFI. Good conductor. Longer network segments. Thinnet: easy/inexpensive workstation interconnection. Thicknet: stronger, more durable than any other network cable. 76
28 Coax Disadvantages Each segment must be terminated. Break in cable disables entire segment. Difficult to add workstations to a thinnet segment. Thicknet: difficult to use, heavy shield braid and foil. Thicknet: requires special piercing tap and transceiver. 77
29 What s in a name? 10Base5 10Base2 78
30 The number on the left is the speed of the LAN. Speed in Megabits Per Second 10 Base 5 10 Base 2 79
31 The number on the right is the length of the LAN segment. 10 Base 5 Length of Segment in Hundreds Of Meters 10 Base 2 80
32 The word in the middle signifies the type of signal. 10 Base 5 Type of Signal 10 Base 2 81
33 Baseband Signal 1 Signal 2 Signal 3 Broadband 82
34 RG-8, 10Base5, or Thicknet Cable RG-58, 10Base2, or Thinnet Cable 83
35 The RG-58 s lighter shield still provides good protection against electrical noise. 84
36 Fiber Optic Cables 85
37 Cable Construction 86
38 Fiber end-view 87
39 The Glass Fiber 88
40 ST connector 89
41 ST Connector 90
42 LAN Communication Copyright 2005 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved.
43 LAN Technologies: Ethernet Token Ring ARCnet LocalTalk 92
44 Ethernet Developed by Xerox in early 70s. Has become most popular networking technology in use today. A variety of speeds and cabling options have evolved. It is fast, inexpensive, and flexible. It continues to evolve. Majority of new networks use Ethernet. 93
45 Networking is all about sending data from one location to another. May I have Worksheet-101? Sure, here it is! PC-1 PC-2 94
46 The CPU routinely sends data from one place to another. CPU 95
47 But when multiple computers are involved, a new series of problems arise. PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 PC-4 PC-5 96
48 How do you keep all the computers from transmitting at the same time? PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 PC-4 PC-5 97
49 Is this for me? PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 PC-4 PC-5 98
50 Who sent this? PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 PC-4 PC-5 99
51 Ah, it s from PC-1. Gee, I wonder if it is correct. PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 PC-4 PC-5 100
52 Here s the ten gigabyte folder you wanted! PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 PC-4 PC-5 101
53 Large files are broken into manageable chunks called packets. Large File Packets 102
54 How do you keep two computers from transmitting at the same time? PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 PC-4 PC-5 103
55 Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) 104
56 Carrier Sense Each computer attached to the network examines the cable before transmitting. If it senses traffic on the cable, it waits until the traffic clears before transmitting. 105
57 Multiple Access All computers on the network have equal access to the cable. A lowly desktop has the same access as the Windows NT Server. Access is on a first-come, first-served basis. The only consideration is: Is someone else using the cable? 106
58 Collisions still happen PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 PC-4 PC-5 107
59 The computers involved in the collision detect the collision. Wow! That s not what I said! Wow! That s not what I said! PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 PC-4 PC-5 108
60 The computers involved in the collision back off for a random length of time. I ll back off for x Microseconds I ll try y Microseconds. PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 PC-4 PC-5 109
61 Collisions are a natural characteristic of Ethernet. PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 PC-4 PC-5 110
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