Location Based Radio Resource Allocation (LBRRA) In WIMAX And WLAN network

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1 Location Based Radio Resource Allocation (LBRRA) In WIMAX And WLAN network RAKESH KUMAR JHA SVNIT, Electronics and Communication department Surat, India Dr Upena D Dalal,SVNIT SVNIT, Electronics and Communication department Surat, India Upena_dalal@yahoo.com Abstract We proposed WiMAX and WLAN interface technology for Location Based Radio Resource Allocation (LBRRA). Since as quality of technology increase demand is also increases with human nature. In this paper we are given solution for replacement of optical fiber (Fiber to Home) for internet. Our proposed solution has been reduced cost significantly for next generation networks (NGN).In this proposed solution we have replaced Wi-Fi router with WiMAX-WLAN router. The range of WiMAX is up to the 50km in radius so this network is satisfied end user within one city easily with high data rates, good Quality of Services (QoS), seamless mobility both within a network and between networks of different technologies and service providers. The network technology is developed to fulfill these requirements is standardized by IEEE, is , also referred to as WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access).In second phase how improve connection rejected by BS (Base Station) and client we can overcome both and also improve the QoS of the service in real time analysis for any location. Proposed work can apply in all types of location like hilly area, high traffic density area, medium traffic and ideal area. The Scope of this paper is to design a WiMAX Network to support a wide variety of applications. WiMAX defines five scheduling services in which all applications are supported. The performance analysis of a WiMAX network is done on the basis of Resource Allocations, from this analysis we can justify that, how many packets are created in the network, how many packets are copied, how many packets are destroyed on each and every nodes with location based so that we can improve or analyze with better understanding of any networks. In last phase analyzed the request band width (BW) and admitted bandwidth with WLAN and WiMAX interface with Adaptive Modulation and coding (AMC) Keywords- WiMAX,WLAN,WiMAX+WLAN, PHY Layer, MAC Layer, WiMAX Architecture, QoS (Quality of Service), OPNET Modeler,RRA, BWrequest,AMC I. INTRODUCTION [7][8][9][10][11] Until the year 2000, users of the Internet accessed its contents primarily through wired, fixed infrastructure sites (e.g., universities, home dial-up connections, and corporate and government facilities). However, technology has evolved such that a significant number of users today access Internet services wirelessly. This access revolution has gone hand-in-hand with the increasing usage of laptop computers and smaller mobile wireless devices such as cellular telephones and RIM BlackBerry devices. The cumulative result has created an information-centric society where users rely on network services in most aspects of their day-to-day life. The emerging wireless Internet architecture aims to continue the access revolution by supporting an increasing number of users at increased data rates, such that the user experience is similar to the experience from a wired, high-speed connection. A variety of wireless technologies have been proposed, both in standards organizations and by industry consortiums, to enable wireless network access. So what is broadband wireless? Broadband wireless is about bringing the broadband experience to a wireless context, which offers users certain unique benefits and convenience. There are two fundamentally different types of broadband wireless services. The first type attempts to provide a set of services similar to that of the traditional fixed-line broadband but using wireless as the medium of transmission. This type is called Fixed Wireless Broadband. The second type of broadband wireless, called Mobile Broadband, offers the additional functionality of portability, nomadicity, and mobility. WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) technology is designed to accommodate both fixed and mobile broadband applications. The main aim of this paper is to introduce the WiMAX network, discuss its Architecture along with the brief explanation of its Physical Layer and MAC (Media Access Control) Layer [1][13]. The WiMAX network is implemented with the help of OPNET Modeler Networking tool, the performance analysis of the network model is done along with resource allocation[14][15] i.e. the Base Station (BS) allocates its desired resources by setting the modulation schemes on Subscriber Stations (SS) depending on its distance from Base Station (BS), also to check the total capacity of the network by /11/$26.00 c 2011 IEEE 399

2 discussing the admitted and rejected connections to the Base Station (BS), these admitted and rejected connections are shown on the basis of QoS (Quality of Service) Scheduling Services provided by Base Station (BS).In last phase we had compared the performance analysis with AMC This paper is organized as follows: Section 2 In this section conferred about the Quality of Service (QoS) which is standardized by IEEE WiMAX Forum, these QoS are the scheduling services which are set according to its priority on the Base Station (BS) to serve the Subscriber Stations (SS) in its range. Section 3 Here we have illustrated the WiMAX Network Model implementation, this model is implemented with the help of OPNET Modeler 14.5v. Section 4 In this section shown the parameters set on the Base Station (BS) and Subscriber Station (SS) according to IEEE standards. Section 5 This section is important here we have plotted tabular result to investigate the results for admitted and rejected connections on proposed network model. We also given the performance analysis with AMC. Section 6 Analyzed the Conclusion drawn from the results and Section 7 On this basis of research found that a lot work will do in future and it s described in Future Scopes section. II. QUALITY OF SERVICE (QOS) IN IEEE [2][3] Scheduling services are globally the data handling mechanisms allowing a fair distribution of resources between different WiMAX/ users. Each connection is associated with a single data service and each data service is associated with a set of QoS parameters that quantify aspects of its behavior, known as a QoS class. Four classes of QoS were defined in the IEEE d standards (and then in WiMAX): Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS); real-time Polling Service (rtps); non-real-time Polling Service (nrtps); Best Effort (BE). A fifth one has been added with IEEE e-2005: Extended real-time Polling Service (ertps) class. The purpose of scheduling is to allow every user, if possible, to have the suitable QoS required for his or her application. For example, a user sending an does not require a real-time data stream, unlike another user having a Voice over IP (VoIP) application[12]. Table 2. 1 describes all the five Scheduling Services. Table 2. 1: WiMAX QoS (Quality of Service) Service Flows Service Flow Designation Unsolicited grant services (UGS) Real-time Polling service (rtps) Non-real-time Polling service (nrtps) Best-effort service (BE) Extended real-time Polling service (ertps) Defining QoS Parameters Maximum latency tolerance Jitter tolerance Minimum reserved rate Maximum latency tolerance Traffic priority Minimum reserved rate Traffic priority Traffic priority Minimum reserved rate Maximum latency tolerance Jitter tolerance Traffic priority Application Examples Voice over IP (VoIP) without silence suppression Streaming audio and video, MPEG (Motion Picture Experts Group) encoded File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Web browsing, data transfer VoIP with silence suppression To support a wide variety of applications, WiMAX defines five scheduling services [4] (Table 1) that should be supported by the base station MAC scheduler for data transport over a connection: A) Unsolicited grant services (UGS): This is designed to support fixed-size data packets at a Constant Bit Rate (CBR). Examples of applications that may use this service are T1/E1 emulation and VoIP without silence suppression. The mandatory service flow parameters that define this service are maximum sustained traffic rate, maximum latency, tolerated jitter, and request/transmission policy. B) Real-time Polling Services (rtps): This service is designed to support real-time service flows, such as MPEG video, that generate variable-size data packets on a periodic basis. The mandatory service flow parameters that define this service are minimum reserved traffic rate, maximum sustained traffic rate, maximum latency, and request/transmission policy. C) Non-real-time Polling Service (nrtps): This service is designed to support delay-tolerant data streams, such as an FTP, that require variable-size data grants at a minimum guaranteed rate. The mandatory service flow parameters to define this service are minimum reserved World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies

3 traffic rate, maximum sustained traffic rate, traffic priority, and request/transmission policy. D) Best-effort (BE) Service: This service is designed to support data streams, such as Web browsing, that do not require a minimum service-level guarantee. The mandatory service flow parameters to define this service are maximum sustained traffic rate, traffic priority, and request/transmission policy. Figure 3-1: The whole location based Architecture with three different applications E) Extended real-time Polling Service (ertps) Service: This service is designed to support real-time applications, such as VoIP with silence suppression, that have variable data rates but require guaranteed data rate and delay. This service is defined only in IEEE e-2005, not in IEEE III. WIMAX NETWORK MODEL[5] This network model describes the architecture of WiMAX network in current situation, where the clients are simple Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi) Nodes getting access from Access Points (AP), these Access Points are a WiMAX to WLAN converters, the nodes including Laptops, Palmtops, PDA, Smart Phones, etc. In this chapter after designed the architecture we have analyzed the performance of AMC with QPSK ½, 16 QAM, and 64 QAM. This comparison result will give the optimization idea with Modulation. Since our network consist with three servers so here we have applied all Video, Voice and Data servers. This scenario consists with the three Servers and these are VoIP Server, Video Server and FTP Server. The VoIP Server have QoS (Quality of Service) Service Class of UGS (Unsolicited Grant Service) with an application of Voice over IP call (PCM Quality) is placed near Delhi (INDIA), the Video Server have QoS Service Class of rtps (Real Time Polling Service) with an application of Video Conferencing (Light) is placed near Kolkata (West Bengal INDIA) and the FTP Server have QoS (Quality of Service) Service Class of BE (Best Effort) with an application of File Transfer (Light) is placed near Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh INDIA).The whole location based system architecture with all three servers location and applications is given in Figure 3.1.As depicted in Figure 3.1 this scenario consists of two Subnets and the subnets are the Router Subnet and WLAN WiMAX Subnet. Two Subnets are present in the network the Router Subnet and the WLAN WiMAX Subnet. The Router Subnet is placed near Nagpur (Maharashtra INDIA) and WLAN WiMAX Subnet is placed near Surat (Gujarat INDIA). The WLAN WiMAX Subnet is connected to the servers via Router Subnet. The inner architecture of both the subnets (i.e. Router Subnet and WLAN WiMAX Subnet) is shown in Figure 3.2. The inner architecture of Router Subnet is shown in Figure 3.3; here we can see that the main router is placed near Nagpur (Maharashtra INDIA) which is connected to the Servers via 10BaseT (Ethernet) link. Figure 3-2: Distribution of All Routers in Router Subnet It is clearly shown that the links are coming from VoIP Server placed near Delhi (INDIA) and Video Server placed near Kolkata (West Bengal INDIA). This central Router is again connected to other two Routers; Router A and Router B via the same 10BaseT link as shown in Figure to improve the performance of the whole network. These Routers A and B are connected to the Base Stations (BS) in the WLAN WiMAX Subnet through the same 10 BaseT link. The inner architecture of WLAN WiMAX Subnet which is placed near Surat (Gujarat - INDIA) is shown in the Figure 3.3 Figure 3-3: Distribution of WLAN clients with WiMAX AP inside WLAN+WiMAX subnet. The WiMAX Base Station (BS) may access maximum number of nodes depending on its capacity described in IEEE standards; here only one WiMAX node is taken which is covered by one Base Station (BS). There are two Access Points (APs) in the Subnet which are covered by two Base Stations (BSs) each. The Access Points (APs) used in a subnet is not only a regular Access Points (APs) used in ADHOC Network in Wi-Fi environment, but it is one type of router which takes WiMAX packets from Base Station (BS) and converts it to Wi-Fi packets and route 2011 World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies 401

4 to the WLAN clients, the Access Points (APs) works as a WiMAX clients. Similarly each Access Points (APs) may contain maximum number of WLAN clients depending on its capacity, in my case each Access Points (APs) consists of seven (7) WLAN nodes out of which one (1) node from each Access Point (AP) are kept outside the coverage area of a respective Access Point (AP). As shown in the Figure of a Subnet the upper Access Point (AP) is in connection with Base Station (BS) WiMAX_BS_B via WiMAX link (Radio link) and the lower Access Point (AP) is in connection with WiMAX_BS_A via the same WiMAX link (Radio link). Again from the specification of IEEE the Access Points (APs) are within the coverage area of Base Station (BS) (which is 30 kms practically). The WLAN clients are placed in a circular fashion which surrounds their respective Access Points (APs). After the network architecture has been designed we have analyzed the performance of the network and try to optimize the network with different AMC for different application by resource allocation. In all the scenarios the architecture and application is same only AMC will change. Scenario 1: Optimization with 16 QAM Scenario 2: Optimization with 64 QAM Scenario 3: Optimization with QPSK IV. NETWORK SIMULATION PARAMETERS In this network model the model components used are listed as follows: 1. WiMAX Configuration Node 2. Application Configuration Node 3. Profile Configuration Node 4. Ethernet Servers 5. Router Subnet 6. WiMAX Subnet 7. ASN GW 8. Routers 9. WiMAX Base Stations (BSs) 10. WiMAX Subscriber Stations (SSs) Since it is very difficult to give all parameters so I am producing some important parameters. AMC Profile Sets Definitions [6]: This Attribute defines the profile sets that can be used by the Base station and the Subscriber Station (SS) on the Uplink (UL) and the Downlink (DL) for Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC). The parameters for this attribute are shown in Figure 4-1, and Figure 4-2 respectively. Figure 4-1: Uplink (UL) Profile Set Row 0 In AMC Profile Set Definition there are two types of profile sets, Uplink (UL) Profile Set and Downlink (DL) Profile Sets, each profile sets consists of two rows, Row 0 and Row 1, Figure 4-1 and Figure 4-2 shows the attributes for UL profile Sets and Figure 4-3 And Figure 4-4 Shows the attributes for DL profile Sets. Each row consists of Profile Set Information; it defines the set of burst profiles that will be used as part of this particular profile set. There are 2 burst profile sets available. i) IEEE STDs. UL Profile Set Information and ii) Repetition Coding UL Profile Set Information. IEEE STDs. UL Profile Set Information has modulation and coding schemes without repetition coding. Repetition Coding UL Profile Set Information has modulation and coding schemes with repetition coding. Figure 4-2: Uplink (UL) Profile Set Row 1 Figure 4-3 and Figure 4-4 indicates the attributes for DL profile sets. Here also two rows are present and each row contains profile set information. Similar to Uplink (UL) the Downlink (DL) profile set information also contain 2 types of burst profile sets: i) IEEE STDs. DL Profile Set Information and ii) Repetition Coding DL Profile Set Information IEEE STDs. DL Profile Set Information has modulation and coding schemes without repetition coding, whereas, Repetition Coding DL Profile Set Information has modulation and coding schemes with repetition coding World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies

5 per frame - when the MAPs for each frame are built). This leads to more accurate delay results. Still no physical layer effects are modeled. When this attribute is set to "Physical Layer Enabled", the simulation accounts for physical layer effects (frame-by-frame modeling is also performed). Figure 4-3: Downlink (DL) Profile Set Row 0 Contention Parameters: This attribute characterizes the contention behavior of bandwidth requests. It defines the number of attempts made before a successful transmission of a bandwidth request. This attribute value is derived from a uniform distribution. The attribute value for this parameter is shown in Figure 4-5. Efficiency Mode: This attribute is an important attribute. The attribute setting takes effect over the whole network model. When this attribute is set to "Efficiency Enabled", the simulation does not model the frame-by-frame allocations on the UL and DL (nor the physical layer effects). Instead, it schedules grants for the transmission as bandwidth requests come in and as there is availability with respect to the finite data capacity of the PHY. (The finite capacity of the PHY influences the time a grant for a given number of symbols lasts; the scheduler is invoked again as soon as the finishing of an earlier grant leads to new availability). Figure 4-6: Efficiency Mode Attribute Here the efficiency mode attribute is set in Mobility and Ranging Enabled Mode, which is shown in Figure 4-6. Generally, setting the Efficiency Mode to Physical Layer Enabled or Framing Module Enabled generates more accurate delay statistics due to the increased granularity introduced by the ARQ, framing, and physical layer features. MAC Service Class Definitions: This attribute allows configuration of parameters that make up a service class. A service class groups the QoS requirements of a service flow. Any service class definition can be referenced by any service flow (uplink/downlink) defined in the network. This attribute is shown in Figure 4-7. Figure 4-4: Downlink (DL) Profile Set Row 1 Figure 4-7: MAC Service Class Definitions Attributes V. RESULT ANALYSIS Figure 4-5: Contention Parameters Attribute The "Efficiency Enabled" option produces comparatively fewer events, thus reducing simulation time and enhancing the scalability of a WiMAX simulation. This is done at the expense of some accuracy - however, the extra accuracy is not typically needed in use cases such as network planning. WLAN WiMAX Network 1. Average WiMAX Delay (sec) When this attribute is set to "Mobility and Ranging Enabled", the simulation accounts for mobility and ranging effects (physical layer effects and frame-by-frame modeling is also performed). When this attribute is set to "Framing Module Enabled", the simulation does a frame-by-frame modeling of allocations on the UL and DL. (The scheduler is invoked periodically - once Figure 4-8: Average WiMAX Delay 2011 World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies 403

6 As shown above Figure 4-8 we have judge that the WiMAX delay is maximum in the case of 16 QAM then QPSK ½ and lowest in the case of 64 QAM because data dropped is maximum at AP0 and AP1 in the case of 16 QAM then QPSK and minimum data dropped in case of 64 QAM. We can refer the Figure 4-9 and Figure 4-10 for justifications. 2. Average Data Dropped at AP_0 Figure 4-12: Average WiMAX Delay at AP_0 Figure 4-9: Average WiMAX Data Dropped at Access Point_0 (AP_0) (in packets/sec) 3. Average Data Dropped at AP_1 Observations: The nature of these delays because 64 QAM is aggressive node and they want to send the request very fast to AP and when this SS will receive all the demand application delay is decreases. In case of 16 QAM all the SS node is in conservative node when aggressive node is highly active then they act as ideal when the priority of aggressive SS is low they act as a active so now Delay of 16 QAM is increases and when the SS received all the demand Application the Delay will decreases. Since QPSK half is working normally so delay in QPSK is very low. 6. Average WiMAX Delay at AP_1 (in sec) Figure 4-10: Average WiMAX Data Dropped at Access Point_1 (AP_1) (in packets/sec) 4. WLAN Data Dropped (bits/sec) In below Figure WLAN data dropped in case of QPSK is Maximum. Figure 4-13: Average WiMAX Delay at AP_1 The above result again verifies all the Delay results at AP_1 7. WiMAX Throughput at AP_0 (in packets/sec) Figure 4-11: Wireless LAN Data Dropped due to buffer overflow 5. Average WiMAX Delay at AP_0 (in sec) From the below Figure we have observed that the Delay in case of QPSK ½ is very low near about zero but in case of 64 QAM Delay is first increase then decreases. In case 16 QAM delay is first increases and at last decreases. Figure 4-14: WiMAX Throughput at AP_ World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies

7 8. WiMAX Throughput at AP_1 (in packets/sec) Figure 4-15: WiMAX Throughput at AP_1 Since Delay of QPSK ½ is Minimum hence throughput is Maximum. Similarly in case of 64 QAM and 16 QAM In above Figure one connection has been rejected with Uplink i.e. in the duration of demand from SS to BS. We observe that the mostly service class GOLD and scheduling type UGS is rejected. Observation: In QPSK ½ is normal demand by SS to BS so may be very few demand is not update frequently due to heavy load i.e. video application and may cause Rejection appeared in channel. 2)Resource Allocation in case of AP has 64 QAM Modulation scheme applied 1)Resource Allocation in case of AP has QPSK ½ Modulation scheme applied 1. BS_A Admission Control Statistics Figure 4-19: Resource Allocation with 64 QAM Figure 4-16: WiMAX BS Admission Control Statics These results are given the analysis of resource allocation of Total Uplink and Downlink capacity. Total capacity in MSPS is BS_A Admitted Connections Figure 4-20: WiMAX BS Admitted Connection with type of modulation at BS_A 3)Resource Allocation in case of AP has 16 QAM Modulation scheme applied Figure 4-17: WiMAX BS Admitted Connection with type of modulation at BS_A 3. BS_A Rejected Connections Figure 4-21: BS Admission Control Statics Figure 4-18: Rejected Connection at BS_A 2011 World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies 405

8 VII. FUTURE SCOPE In the proposed network analyzed the location based resource allocation to identify the connection rejection with different application with QoS and admitted bandwidth with AMC. In future research we can minimize the rejection with cross layer architecture, with BS station optimization. We can also analyze and compare the result with ARQ, HARQ and dynamic adaption of BS. For better understanding, overcome the rejection and increase the performance of the network with the help of comparison analysis with WiMAX and WiMAX +WLAN networks results. Figure 4-22: Statics with polling overhead, Requested BW, Admitted BW and Modulation Scheme From all the above results we have observed that Total Capacity of with UL and DL is constant. In our result this we also analyze that poling overhead is also constant and it is appeared due to uplink (UL) real time service. Finally we have judge that in our location based proposed network the Request BW (Msps) and Admitted BW is different in all three cases. In Table 3.1 given all three cases for both BW requirements. Table 3-1: Comparison of Request BW and Admitted BW among QPSK, 64 and 16 QAM S.NO. Request Band Admitted BW(sps) Width(bps) QPSK QAM QAM This network model is based on the performance analysis of WiMAX network with location Based Radio Resource Allocation (LBRRA). The Resources are allocated on the account of total Uplink (UL) capacity, total Downlink (DL) capacity, number of Admitted Connections and number of Rejected Connections for a particular Base Station (BS). VI. CONCLUSION An exact analysis has been given for location based resource allocation for WiMAX and WLAN interface network. On the basis of simulation result we have concluded that Total Capacity of with UL and DL is constant. In second phases we also concluded that poling overhead is also constant and it is appeared due to uplink (UL) real time service. Finally in last phase we have judge that in our location based proposed network the Request BW (Msps) and Admitted BW is different in all three cases with AMC and 16 QAM is best one with proposed location network. VIII. REFERENCES [1] G. Nair, J. Chou, T. Madejski, K. Perycz, D. Putzolu and J. Sydir, IEEE Medium Access Control and Service Provisioning, Intel Technology Journal, Volume: 08, Issue: 03, August 2004, PP [2] R. Guerin and V. Peris, Quality of Service in packet networks: Basic mechanisms and directions, Computer Networks, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp , February 1999 [3] Jinchang Lu, Maode Ma, Cross-layer QoS support framework and holistic opportunistic scheduling for QoS in single carrier WiMAX system, journal of Network and Computer Applications, Volume 34, Issue 2, March 2011, Pages [4] Alexander Sayenko, Olli Alanen, Juha Karhula, Timo Hämäläinen, "Ensuring the QoS requirements in scheduling, MSWiM '06: Proceedings of the 9 th ACM international symposium on Modeling analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems, October [5] Gilberto Flores Lucio, Marcos Paredes-Farrera, Emmanuel Jammeh, Martin Fleury, Martin J. Reed, Electronic Systems Engineering Department, University of Essex, OPNET Modeler and Ns-2: Comparing the Accuracy Of Network Simulators for Packet- Level Analysis using a Network Test bed, [6] Walid Saad, Zaher Dawy, Sanaa Sharafeddine, A utility-based algorithm for joint uplink/downlink scheduling in wireless cellular networks, Journal of Network and Computer Applications, In Press, Corrected Proof [7] Nuaymi, L. (2007). WiMAX Technology for Broadband Wireless Access. France: John Wiley & Sons [8] Ibrahim Ozcelik, Interconnection of CAN segments through IEEE wireless MAN, Journal of Network and Computer Applications, Volume 31, Issue 4, November 2008, Pages [9] IEEE. Standard , Part 16: Air interface for fixed broadband wireless access systems, June [10] IEEE. Standard , Part 16: Air interface for fixed and mobile broadband wireless access systems, December [11] Jeffrey G. Andrews, Arunabha Ghosh, Rias Muhammad, Fundamentals of WiMAX Understanding Broadband Wireless Networking, pp.1-63, , [12] Yan Zhang, H.-H. C. (2008). Mobile WiMAX: Toward Broadband Wireless. New York: Auerbach Publication. [13] Dr. Sassan Ahmedi, Introduction to Mobile WiMAX Radio Access Technology: PHY and MAC Architecture. Intel Corporation. [14] Rakesh jha,upena D alal, Location Based Performance of WiMAX Network for QoS with Optimal Base Stations (BS) Wireless engineering and Technology(WET) journal by scientific research, Vol. 2, No.3, PP , July 2011 [15] Rakesh jha,upena D alal, ResourceAllocatioor Downlink OFDMA in WiMAX Systems, ICCCS '11 Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Communication, Computing & Security (ACM),PP.82-85,Feb 12-14, World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies