ROADMs & Control Plane for Research & Educational Networks

Transcription

1 ROADMs & Control Plane for Research & Educational Networks Terena NGN Workshop, April 4, 2008, Munich Thomas Schneider Business Development Manager EMEA

2 Agenda NRENs ROADMs and Open GMPLS Control Plane ROADMs and 40G 2

3 National Research & Educational Networks NRENs A quick Technical Analysis Reach w/o 3R: km Capacity: 40 wavelengths typically High bit-rate services 10G LAN PHY, STM-64 40G required today 100G already considered InfiniBand may come up Flexibility requirements Control Plane, UNI/NNI, possibly support for UEN/UCLP ROADMs (Degree-8) 3

4 Agenda NRENs ROADMs and Open GMPLS Control Plane ROADMs and 40G 4

5 ROADM Architectures N Mux / Switch / Demux λ 1 Switches VOA λ 1.. Broadcast and Select N 3dB 3dB WB λ N Add / Drop λ N 1 N Drop 1 N Add Switched (WSS) Switched (iplc) N 1 x N WSS 1 x N WSS N 3dB 1 x N iplc 1 N Drop 1 Add N 1 N Drop 1 N Add WB: Wavelength Blocker, WSS: Wavelength-Selective Switch 5

6 Degree-N ROADM OMS (West) ROADM OMS (East) Degree-2 ROADM Single WDM Channels N W E S N S W E Higher-Degree ROADM N k x N WSS k x N WSS Higher-Degree ROADM based on WSS 1 N Drop 1 Add N 6

7 iplc-based ROADM Common Input Drop Output Express Output Common Output AWG MUX VOA... Switch AWG DMX Express Input Spectral Characteristic Wavelength Monitor PD Add Inputs AWG leads to typical filter characteristic Attenuation λ 1 λ 2 λ 3 Channel Selectivity 7

8 Higher-Degree ROADM: MEMS Mechanical switches (MEMS) Multi-degree switching possible (In1/2/N Out) Spectral Characteristic (Flat Top) In 1 In N Mirror Array Insertion Loss f [GHz] Out 8

9 ROADM (and GMPLS) Applications Re-configure the network Adapt to changing network and customers requirements (slow) Protection and restoration (meshed networks!) (fast) Enabled through GMPLS Control Plane: Topology discovery (routing), signalling, path computation Management of connections between GMPLS nodes Access to any channel anywhere single-channel add/drop Enable centralized L3 networks (with single L3 hub) Power level equalization, increase of transparent field lengths Increased visibility of installed infrastructure 9

10 Equalization with ROADMs Pre-Amplifier Drop Dynamic Channel Equalizer Post-Amplifier Add +6dBm 0dBm Enabled through monitor taps, VOAs/SCEs, and Control Plane signaling λ 1... λ N Can eliminate up to 5dB of ripple/tilt Necessary / enabler for regional installations λ 1... λ N 10

11 Network Re-configurations Offloading Core Routers Transponders T T T T ROADM Flexible Add/Drop It s difficult to share / re-use transponders or colored client I/Fs Network Capacity Passthru Large Core Ring Total Capacity 140% Ring 120% Mesh 100% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Relative Amount of dynamic Paths 11

12 Centralized Layer-3 Centralized L3 Device Client Client Single-channel Add/Drop of any Channel anywhere Logical IP topology Client Client Client Photonic transmission gear is protocol and bit rate agnostic No need to provide protocol gateways for L3 at client sites 12

13 Restoration W1 (failed) W6 All-optical Lambda conversion LOA SOA CW LOA SOA CW W2 Restored Traffic W3 W4 W5 MEMS Switch Matrix (Red-shifted) IL LOA Linear Optical Amplifier Fast, distributed topology discovery, signalling, routing but ROADMs can provide a restoration path through a network, but today they do not perform the end-to-end switch-over ROADMs may need to provide wavelength conversion Uncertainty w.r.t. link length complex link engineering 13

14 RAYcontrol GMPLS Control Plane Intelligent optical networking Provisioning Simplified, automated Agile, fast (auto-discovery, signalling, routing) Integrated network management (synchronized databases) Network efficiency Higher asset utilization Automated network inventory and reuse Efficient restoration Network evolution Interoperability UNI UNI NNI NNI Connection Controller (CC) CCI Control Plane Forwarding Plane New services and operation modes (UEN, UCLP) New architectures (true meshes) 14

15 Control Plane Building Blocks Routing OSPF (reachability) OSPF-TE (traffic engineering) GMPLS-OSPF (optical extensions) IETF standard link-state routing protocol Supports link auto-discovery; extended for GMPLS Supports network-wide synchronization; do. Signaling RSVP (reservations) RSVP-TE (tunnel LSP setup) GMPLS-RSVP (optical extensions) IETF standard soft-state signaling protocol Supports hop-by-hop signaling; extended for GMPLS Supports resource reservation and configuration; do. Path Computation Shortest Path (Dijkstra) Kth-Shortest Path (Yen) Constrained Shortest Path, CSPF How to get from Ingress point to Egress point? Services have many characteristics that affect path selection CSPF, adds constraints to standard Dijkstra algorithm 15

16 ROADM Support End-to-End Service Power Equalization ROADMs include per-wavelength power monitoring Optical services may traverse multiple ROADM nodes Nodes equalize automatically in sequence, GMPLS-controlled Multi-Degree Optical Switching MD-ROADMs, when deployed in a mesh, lead to an exponential increase in available paths MD-ROADM enables pure OOO switching Wavelengths are not converted, ingress / egress waves must match Additional constraint considered in CSPF path selection 16

17 Path Setup A B E1 E2 R1 R2 E4 E3 D 17 C

18 Equalization Process Path Setup phase Path [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Ingress Equipment Set data rate Set protection Connect add Connect drop Transit Equipment Connect UP DN Connect DN UP 3R Equipment Set UP data rate Set DN data rate Enable UP trib Enable DN trib Connect UP/drop Connect DN/add Connect DN/drop Connect UP/add Resv Egress Equipment Set data rate Set service type Set protection Enable line port Enable trib port followed by Path Equalize phase [DN EQ] [DN EQ] [DN EQ] [DN EQ] [UP EQ] [UP EQ] [UP EQ] [UP EQ] Data Flow 18

19 GELS Ethernet Support GMPLS-controlled Ethernet Label Switching Ethernet as just another transport technology VLAN or VLAN+MAC becomes GMPLS label Labels identify end-to-end path, distributed via signaling Ethernet services become regular GMPLS tunnels Integrates Ethernet into GMPLS management framework Same tools (routing, signaling) used by optical GMPLS Eliminates need for other control mechanisms (RSTP, etc.) Benefits Traffic Engineering for Ethernet explicit control over path Automation 802.1ad/ah (PB, PBB) forwarding tables populated via CP signaling rather than manually 19

20 Agenda NRENs ROADMs and Open GMPLS Control Plane ROADMs and 40G 20

21 40 Transmission Constraints Linear Effects Attenuation, leading to noise (ASE) 6dB less sensitivity* Chromatic Dispersion, CD worsen by factor 16* Polarization-Mode Dispersion, PMD worsen by factor 4* Nonlinear Effects (SPM, XPM, FWM, SRS, SBS) Added signal distortion Interaction with CD Nonlinear crosstalk This is getting even worse for 100G! CD is getting worse by a factor of 100 (100G vs. 10G) Number of Spans [a.u.] Noise Limit Non-linear Limit *) 40G NRZ as compared to 10G NRZ Launched Channel Power [a.u.] 21

22 40G Modulation Format Comparison Im Duobinary Im CSRZ Im DPSK Im PolMux- DQPSK Re Re Re Re OSNR (1) ~16dB ~15dB ~12.5dB ~13.5dB CD (2) ±150ps/nm ±50ps/nm ±50ps/nm >5000ps/nm PMD (3) 2.5ps 3.5ps 2.5ps >10ps SPM / NL Phase Noise GHz ROADMs (4) ±0dB 4dB 3dB 0dB Upgrade (5) (1) BER=1E-3 (2) w/o TDC (3) 1dB Penalty (4) Penalty for 6 ROADMs (5) of 10G NRZ OOK 22

23 Comparison of 40G Techniques 40G CSRZ 40G Duobinary 40G DPSK 40G PM-DQPSK Application Area Regional links w/ only few ROADMs but medium-hi PMD requirements, upgrades of 10G Metro core and regional links with many ROADMs, upgrades of 10G Regional and long-haul links with only few ROADMs, careful with LH 10G overlay Long-haul with ROADMs and high PMD, careful with LH 10G overlay, accumulated phase noise, non-linearity Power [db] NRZ-Duobinary CSRZ (OOK) NRZ (OOK) RZ-DPSK 50%RZ (OOK) CSRZ-DQPSK Normalized Frequency Normalized Frequency 23

24 ADVA 40G and ROADM References Köln Alcatel 40G Siemens hit G 10G ADVA 40G ADVA 4x10G ADVA Vertically Integrated Optical testbed for Large Applications St. Augustin ADVA ADVA 40G ADVA 4x10G 40G 10G Siemens OTS4040 Siemens OTS4010 Implementation Purpose Test of advanced network features Applications 10GbE LAN PHY, GFP, and 40G tests Key performance Early availability of relevant future features Implementation 2005 Purpose High-end test-bed Applications evlbi (Radio astronomy), HD Video Key features Open GMPLS Control Plane Multi-degree ROADMs 24

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