LoRa - LoRaWAN - LRSC. Wireless Long Range Network for M2M Communication

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1 Marcus Oestreicher LoRa - LoRaWAN - LRSC Wireless Long Range Network for M2M Communication

2 Overview Introduction LoRa LoRaWAN LRSC Use Cases

3 Introduction IBM Research Zurich BlueZ Business Computing Group Smartcards, JavaCard Embedded Systems, LRSC

4 Long Range Radio Semtech LoRa TM Range > 2km in urban areas, > 10km in rural areas (i.e., reaches meters in basements) Typically operated in ISM band (sub-ghz link) Spread-spectrum approach whereby different spreading factors don t interfere with each other Data rate between 0.3kbps (SF12) and 10kbps (SF7), 100kbps via FSK Dynamically trades data rate against range 10mA RX current, 100nA sleep current End devices rotate through alternating frequencies when transmitting Gateways can receive multiple messages from different end devices simultaneously Capacity can be incrementally increased by reducing cell size

5 LoRaWAN How to connect million devices? End-device characteristics Nomadic or fixed Possibly located underground (e.g., smart meters) out of reach of existing wireless infrastructure Possibly battery-powered w/ a life time of years on a single set of batteries Communication requirements Low data rate w/ traffic being uplink-biased Relaxed latency constraints High interference robustness Message delivery may be unreliable Operator focus Ease of maintenance Cost-effectiveness Reliability and security

6 LRSC Federated LoRaWAN Infrastructure IP communication (TCP/IP, MQTT, ) GW end devices GW Service Provider Application Router Application Network Server GW Service Provider Application Router Application GW FF IBM LRSC LoRa wireless communication

7 LoRaWAN Specification End Device Classes Class A devices: Random Access Bidirectional communication Pre-Personalisation or Over-the-air Activation (Join procedure) MAC management commands/responses (e.g. datarate adaptation) EU-/US-/..- MAC variations: duty cycles, frequency plan.. Class B devices: Pingable' devices Server can push messages to devices in scheduled receive slots Receive slots are based on the time information contained in beacons Class C devices: Always listening

8 End Devices Class A Transmit/Receive Windows - Minimum receive window length: downlink preamble length - RX1: frequency and data rate of transmit operation - RX2: configurable frequency and data rate - Tx/Rx windows may not overlap Transmit RX1 RX2 Data messages w/wo confirmation Datarate adaptation Frequency plan Edge Frequencies [Mhz] Field / Power Spectrum Access Bandwidth [Mhz] dBm 0.1% 7Mhz dBm 1% 600kHz dBm 0.1% 500kHz dBm 10% 250kHz dBm No req. 300kHz dBm 1% 300kHz

9 End Devices Class A Data messages encrypted and MICed using AES keys Network session key (AES-128) Application session key (AES-128) Device state Application Identifier (Application EUI) Device EUI Device key Sequence numbers Activation schemes: Activation by personalization Over-The-Air activation: Join-Request -> Join-Response

10 End Devices Development Integration Options: Modem Radio module Device driver stacks: LMIC LoRaMac-node Notes Development vs Deployment Understand the LoRaWAN communication model Adaptive datarate, Downlink, ACKs, Frame Counters

11 LRSC Network Server Handling uplink traffic Filtering message duplicates from multiple gateways Ensure message integrity cryptographically Collect meta data for statistics, data rate adaptation, further downlink traffic Forward message to back-end applications Schedule downlink traffic Application downlink messages, ACKs Gateway selection (involves RSSI/SNR meta data, duty cycle) Data rate adaptation Join/Rejoin procedure Session key setup, key exchange Network database Performance Error handling Sanity checking, blacklisting Reporting, logging

12 LRSC Application Routers Federated network Separate network operators from device/application owners Relay messages between network server and backend applications Encryption point for backend application payloads both uplink and downlink End-device activation Grants/denies device join requests Pre-personalisation interface Creates session keys, session keys derived from device specific keys Personalization system for deriving and managing device keys from root keys External interface to backend applications Bluemix, Watson IoT Deployment Strategies

the consumer Provide balancing power to the grid and local distribution grid congestion

13 Use Case EcoGrid EU Research Project SmartGrid project on the Danish island Bornholm Balance out generation and distribution of renewable energy source wind with demand by the consumer Provide balancing power to the grid and local distribution grid congestion management by introducing a new 5-minute real-time market for small scale electricity consumers

14 Use Case EcoGrid EU Research Project Control: We actuate the Ripple signal of HPs and EHs. Devices are controlled by their own embedded control systems. Tight constraints on indoor air temperature and runtime of the devices Approach: Model Predictive Control 5

Use Case Senet Developed and deployed sensor networks for EnerTrac LoRaWAN network to remotely monitor the level of propane or oil inside tanks at customer sites Use sensor data for

15 Use Case Senet Developed and deployed sensor networks for EnerTrac LoRaWAN network to remotely monitor the level of propane or oil inside tanks at customer sites Use sensor data for usage predictions and strategic delivery decisions Reduction in delivery costs by as much as 30% Provider of growing LoRaWAN network: square mile coverage devices 200 towers

16 Q&A Q&A

Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) Presented By: Dr. Hafiz Yasar Lateef Director, Telxperts Pty Ltd.

Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) Presented By: Dr. Hafiz Yasar Lateef Director, Telxperts Pty Ltd. Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) q Low-Power WAN Technologies are designed for machine-to-machine