Bangladesh Urban Resilience Project

Transcription

1 Bangladesh Urban Resilience Project 19 December 2015

2 Marc Forni Swarna Kazi Senior Disaster Risk Management Specialist Co-Task Team Leader, Urban Resilience Project The World Bank Disaster Risk Management Specialist Co-Task Team Leader, Urban Resilience Project The World Bank 2

3 BACKGROUND Bangladesh context Bangladesh Bangladesh is among the most disaster prone countries 160 Million People. Approx. 147,000 Square Km. Highly exposed to a variety of hazards, such as floods, cyclones, tidal surges, and earthquakes. Source: Institute of Water Modeling, Bangladesh 3

4 BACKGROUND Bangladesh context Bangladesh The Government of Bangladesh (GoB) has proactively invested in DRM to save lives, reduce losses, and protect development gains GoB has put in place policies and invested in coastal infrastructure and early warning systems to mitigate the risk from floods and cyclones. Reduction of loss of life due to major cyclones events: 1970: 300, : 138, : Less than 4,000 (most intense cyclone) 4

5 Strategic Vision - Bangladesh World Bank DRM Portfolio in Bangladesh Reinforce significant gains in cyclone and flood resilience To be achieved through significant investment lending (Emergency Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project - USD 356 million, Coastal Embankment Improvement Project - USD 400 million, Multipurpose Disaster Shelter Project - USD 375 million) Lead the engagement in addressing urban disaster risk To be achieved through comprehensive Technical Assistance and investment program (Urban Resilience Project USD 173 million ) Current World Bank DRM Portfolio: USD 1.3 Billion

6 Addressing Urban Disaster Risk 6

7 Dhaka: Capital & Megacity Dhaka: Capital of Bangladesh Dhaka Metropolitan: 15 million people and one of the fastest growing mega-cities in the world Densely populated Widespread urbanization Widespread poverty Complex governance structures Overlapping authority in urban planning City-level actors critical to developing resilient and live-able cities in Bangladesh Creating an enabling environment for coordinated, locally-managed DRM is essential to build urban resilience 7

8 BACKGROUND Vulnerable Urban Infrastructure Vulnerable Urban Infrastructure Brittle Flammable 8

9 BSEC Building Fire, Feb 26, 2007 Dead 3, Injured 55 Bashundhara City Fire, March 13, 2009 Dead 7, Injured 35 Nimtoly Fire, June 3, 2010 Dead 123, Injured 240 Rana Plaza Building Collapse, before and after April 23, 2013: Dead 1,127, Injured 2,500 9

10 April 24, 2013 at 09:30 am Building structure starts to shake Pillars snap Floors collapse Upper portion of the building falls to the ground 10

11 Search & Rescue Operations The local community start rescue operations immediately after the incident Bangladesh Army, Navy, Fire Service & Civil Defense, Border Guard Bangladesh, Police, Ministries, Agencies and volunteer teams arrive on scene and organize rescue activities (Source: Situation Report on Building Collapse at Savar, Dhaka. Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief, 2013) 11

12 12

13 May 14, 2013: Rescue Operations Officially End Total rescued: 3,553 Total deaths: 1,127 (Source: Situation Report on Building Collapse at Savar, Dhaka. Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief, 2013) 13

14 Why did this happen? 14

15 Unregulated Building Construction Rana Plaza, approved as a 7-storied building but constructed to 10 floors Original 7-storied design did not comply to the Bangladesh National Building Code Material property varied from place to place - indicative of poor quality control The structural designers IEB no. mentioned in the drawings was fake (M/ ) 15

16 How was it managed? 16

17 Weak Emergency Response Systems Lack of accountability, including unclear chain of command and supervision Lack of modern, integrated communication system Lack of orderly, systematic planning Lack of predefined methods to integrate inter-agency requirements into the management structure and planning process 17

18 Familiar? 18

19 Great Chicago Fire,

20 Great Kanto Earthquake, Tokyo,

21 What caused these urban disasters? Poor implementation and enforcement of building codes Land plans were biased by rent seeking and lobbies Infrastructure to support emergency services was not well built Emergency service providers were not professionalized Experts believed these cities were doomed to never improve Chicago, 2015 Tokyo,

22 Way forward? 22

23 City Resilience Program Customizable modular framework for investment Vulnerability awareness building tools Information & data management solutions Physical risk reduction measures Risk transfer and management strategies

24 City Resilience Program - Dhaka Customizable modular framework for investment Physical Risk assessment and Risk Atlas Analysis of legal and institutional arrangements Spatial planning platform Crowd-sourced mapping Integrated emergency management systems Construction permitting and enforcement Risk Informed Infrastructure Investment

25 Addressing Critical Issues The GoB has been working with the World Bank since 2012 in preparation for the planned investments addressing the aforementioned issues. This collaboration supported by the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) to address seismic risk and the structural vulnerability of urban buildings and infrastructure. GFDRR has provided US$1.5 million of grant support for technical assistance (TA) through the Bangladesh Urban Earthquake Resilience Program (BUERP) This support convened government officials across ministries and agencies to: i) reach consensus on the level of seismic risk in Dhaka and other parts of Bangladesh; and ii) increase the understanding of legal and institutional arrangements and on-the-ground practices related to urban DRM 25

26 Analytics & Technical Assistance 26

27 Institutional Relationship of DRM Stakeholders 27

28 Urban Resilience Project ( ) Objective: strengthen the capacity of Government of Bangladesh agencies to respond to emergency events and to strengthen systems to reduce the vulnerability of future building construction to disasters in Dhaka and Sylhet 28

29 Urban Resilience Project ( ) 1) Enhance national-level and local-level DRM facilities and agencies in Dhaka and Sylhet to effectively plan and respond to urban disasters. This will be achieved by developing disaster response systems, including emergency operations center, interoperability communication systems, rescue and search equipment, and related training and drills; 2) Assess the vulnerability of essential infrastructure, public facilities, and lifelines; 3) Ensure resilient construction by integrating disaster risk into development planning, and establishing the infrastructure to ensure an efficient process for land use and zoning clearance (e.g.: improved permitting systems and building code enforcement). 29

30 Implementation Structure 30

31 Emergency Management and Response 31

32 Resilient Infrastructure 32

33 Permitting and Construction Enforcement 33

34 Geospatial Data Sharing Platform 34

35 An Integrated Approach Urban Resilience in Bangladesh Government of Bangladesh, JICA and World Bank 35

36 WB URP WB URP Conceptual Collaboration between JICA and WB for Urban Resilience in Bangladesh Structural Integrity 1) National Level BNBC Enforcement MoHPW/PWD JICA UBSP/WB URP Emergency Response 1) Emergency Coordination System Establishment of National Coordination Center 2) Building Construction DSCC Sylhet CC Technical Review Panel (similar to Building Regulatory Authority) TRP Review of Design & Construction RMG Factories 2) Assessment of existing facilities DB of Pvt Critical & essential facilities Survey of structural vulnerability assessment Data Sharing Platform FSCD 3) HRD Establish Emergency Operation Center WB URP Establish Emergency Operation Center WB URP Retrofit/Remediation (approx. 20 factories) New FSCD HQ 14 Fire Stat. JICA UBSP JICA UBSP JICA UBSP 3) Building Permission & Approval RAJUK URU WB URP Training for URU Electronic Construction Permitting Professional Accreditation Program Training on BNBC to URU Develop the process, technical criteria for BNBC enforcement 4) HRD (PWD/Pvt Engineering firm/pvt Contractor) Training Seminar Workshop JICA UBSP HRD (FSCD) Control Room (incl Mobile) Drill Program Warehouses Equipment WB URP 36

37 Thank You