Multimode Fibres for the Next Generation of Enterprise Networks

Transcription

1 Multimode Fibres for the Next Generation of Enterprise Networks John Kamino OFS Product Manager Multimode Fibre

2 Agenda Multimode Fibre Market Drivers Multimode Fibre Types and Standards Multimode Application Standards Multimode Fibre Value Proposition Future of Multimode Fibre Conclusions 2

3 Agenda Multimode Fibre Market Drivers Multimode Fibre Types and Standards Multimode Application Standards Multimode Fibre Value Proposition Future of Multimode Fibre Conclusions 3

4 IP Traffic Growth Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Methodology, June 2, 2011 Mobile: Includes mobile data and Internet traffic generated by handsets, notebook cards, and mobile broadband d gateways Internet: Denotes all IP traffic that crosses an Internet backbone Managed IP: Includes corporate IP WAN traffic, IP transport of TV/VoD 4

5 Internet Applications YouTube April hours of video uploaded every minute 1 April billion hours of video watched/month, 500 years of YouTube video watched daily 1 Apple April 2012 Apple sells 11.8 million new ipads and 35.1 million iphones in 1Q March 2012 Apple itunes hits 25 billion app downloads d 2 Facebook March million active users, 526 million daily users March million photos uploaded daily / 4 5

6 What is happening today Cloud Computing High Performance Computing Migration to hosted services Increased optical density 40x over previous generations Optical Interconnect Opportunities in Supercomputers and High End Computing OFC 2012 Tutorial March 6, 2012 Alan Benner

7 Next Generation Speeds Coming! 7

8 Agenda Multimode Fibre Market Drivers Multimode Fibre Types and Standards Multimode Application Standards Multimode Fibre Value Proposition Future of Multimode Fibre Conclusions 8

9 Multimode Fibre Types Multimode (described in the industry using primarily the ISO/IEC designations) Industry Standards Fibre Type ISO/IEC IEC TIA/EIA ITU-T 62.5/125 OM1 (1) A1b 492AAAA /125 OM2 (2) A1a.1 492AAAB G /125 OM3 A1a.2 492AAAC /125 OM4 A1a.3 492AAAD --- (1) OM1 is typically a 62.5um fibre, but can also be a 50um fibre. (2) OM2 is typically a 50um fibre, but can also be a 62.5um fibre. ISO/IEC IEC TIA/EIA-492AAAx ITU-T G "Generic Cabling for Customer Premises" "Product Specifications - Sectional Specification for Category A1 Multimode Fibres" "Detail Specification for Class 1a Graded-Index Multimode Optical Fibers" "Characteristics of a 50/125 um Multimode Graded Index Optical Fibre Cable for the Optical Access Network" 9

10 Multimode Fibre Types, Performance Grades Fibre Type Wavelength Max Loss Min Bandwidth (MHz km) (nm) (db/km) OFL BW EMB OM n.a µm n.a. OM n.a. 50 µm na n.a. OM µm n.a. OM µm n.a. OFL BW = Overfilled Launch Bandwidth EMB = Effective Modal Bandwidth (also known as Laser BW) OMx designations are from ISO/IEC International Cabling Standard 10

11 So What Is Going On With Bend Insensitive Multimode Fibres (BI-MMF)?

12 What are the benefits of Bend Insensitive Multimode Fibre? Bend Insensitive Multimode Fibre (BI-MMF) provides an opportunity to re-design cable management for improved space efficiency Denser, more compact trays and shelves improve airflow and cooling in data center racks and cabinets Smaller bend radii allow shorter distances between an adapter faceplace and door front. BI-MMF provides relief from strict cable management policies for standard d multimode fibre (But there can be some negatives associated with this!)

13 What is Bend Insensitive Multimode Fibre (the simple description) Macrobend Test Diameter Standard 50/125 fibre Bend Insensitive Multimode Fibre 100 turns 850 nm 0.5dB 850 nm 0.5dB 37.5 mm radius 33.6 mm radius 1300 nm 0.5dB 1300 nm 0.5dB Tennis Ball 2 turns 850 nm 1.0dB 850 nm 0.1dB 15 mm radius 1300 nm 1.0dB 1300 nm 0.3dB 22.4 mm radius Golf Ball 2 turns 850 nm 0.2dB NOT DEFINED 7.5 mm radius 1300 nm 0.5dB 8.1 mm radius Euro Cent

14 What is the status of Bend Insensitive Multimode Fibre? Standardization process is underway IEC Currently reviewing multimode core diameter and Numerical Aperture (NA) measurement procedures Revisions requested to accurately characterize fibre and ensure backward compatibility Reviewing system performance of BI-MMFs to determine if current EMB measurement and characterization methods are adequate TIA Task force (TR BI-MMF task force) chaired by Dave Mazzarese, OFS, leading standardization effort. IEC expected to adopt TIA recommendations. Will leverage IEC work

15 What parameters impact system performance? Interoperability / Connection properties Bandwidth Reliability It is desirable for optical fibres to be optimized for system performance 15

16 Comparison of wave guides Standard Multimode Fibre Bend Insensitive Multimode Fibre guided modes Multimode Fiber Core Leaky modes Index of Refraction Profile Standard Core Cross-Section Trench added to Index Profile for Improved BI-MMF Core Macrobend Performance Cross-Section

17 Standard Multimode Fibre and BI-MMF Fibre Appearance Standard Core Cross-Section Halo provides a visual indicator of BI-MMF. A properly designed BI-MMF trench does not affect system performance! BI-MMF Core Cross-Section BI-MMF Halo End Face Photograph Of Standard Fiber and BI-MMF Standard 50µm Fiber BI- MMF 50µm Fiber

18 BI-MMF Waveguide Impact on Basic Attributes Design 2m test (per FOTP) Core size / NA 1000 m (proposed) Core size / NA Impact on End User Standard 50µm 50 µm/ µm/0.195 Design 1 51 µm/ µm/0.20 Design 2 51 µm/ µm/0.20 Design 3 50 µm/ µm/0.19 Mismatch to Standard can increase connection loss! 18

19 Impact of poorly designed BI-MMF Reduced Performance Higher loss when poorly designed BI-MMF is connected to Std MMF Similar trends likely when different BI-MMFs are connected Interoperability may be an Design Length (m) Connection loss Standard 50µm BI-MMF Design BI-MMF Design BI-MMF Design Standard 50µm BI-MMF Design issue with some BI-MMFs BI-MMF Design BI-MMF Design

20 What parameters impact system performance? Interoperability / Connection properties Bandwidth Reliability It is desirable for optical fibres to be optimized for system performance 20

21 DMD Testing (per TIA FOTP-220) Measures Refractive Index variations on Bandwidth DMD Scanning Process Clad High Speed Detector DMD Scan Example DMD SM SM nm nm Laser SM 850 nm Laser Laser SM SM SM nm nm nm Laser Laser Laser SM SM SM SM nm nm nm nm Laser Laser Laser Laser SM SM SM nm nm nm Laser Laser Laser SM SM SM nm nm nm Laser Laser Laser SM SM SM SM SM SM nm nm nm nm nm nm Laser Laser Laser Laser Laser Laser SM SM nm nm Laser Laser Core DMD = Difference in delay between the earliest and latest arriving pulses OFS pioneered the use of DMD to measure production fibres 21

22 DMD Measurements of Comparable EMBc Fibres MW18 MW23 SLW MW18 MW23 SLW BIMMF Design BIMMF Design EMBc OFL850 EMBc OFL Light traveling in high order modes was ignored when EMBc weight functions were developed, is this assumption still valid for BI-MMF? 22

23 Standard Multimode Fibres Gbps 850 nm Laser Detector Core Cladding Higher order leaky modes quickly attenuated No effect on bandwidth Maximum transmission distance! 23

24 Good Bend Insensitive Multimode Fiber Leaky Modes Propagate in BIMMF!! Proper design and manufacture overcome leaky mode effect 10 Gbps 850 nm Laser Detector Core Cladding Trench Area 24

25 Poor Bend Insensitive Multimode Fiber Leaky Modes Propagate in BIMMF!! Lower Bandwidth and Transmission Distance 10 Gbps 850 nm Laser ????????? Detector Core Cladding Trench Area Higher order leaky modes not accounted for with current bandwidth measurements and standards! 25

26 Systems Performance of Comparable EMBc Fibres Back to Back BIMMF Design 1 BIMMF Design 3 Note: EMBc measurements are similar, but DMD Outer Mask Width shows significant higher order mode problems Some BI-MMFs have large system penalties and others do not! Current OM3 and OM4 bandwidth measurement criteria developed for standard MMF may need to be modified MW18 MW23 SLW EMBc OFL850 BIMMF Design BIMMF Design

27 What parameters impact system performance? Interoperability / Connection properties Bandwidth Reliability It is desirable for optical fibres to be optimized for system performance 27

28 Fibre Reliability is Critical! Fibre reliability is a function of: Mechanical Reliability Inherent glass quality intrinsic strength Proof test level extrinsic strength Packaging cable design Deployment Optical Reliability Maintaining optical signal through the link Sufficient bandwidth to support future system upgrades 28

29 Relative diameter r=?? mm Shelf Edge r=3.5 mm Std. Pencil r=7.5 mm r=8.13 mm 1 cent Euro Sharp 1/4 turns around fibre shelves can have very small radius Optical reliability can be maintained Long term mechanical reliability is at risk 7.5mm is a reasonable radius to maintain, without additional risk of mechanical failure Bend insensitive fibre is not a substitute for proper cable management!!! 29

30 Pinched Fibres Mechanical Failure Probability (No Tension) 1.5 mm bend radius 1.75 mm bend radius 2.0 mm bend radius X-ray of pinched fibres show that the bend diameter is less than the cable diameter for pinched fibres month 100% 0% 0% Single fibre jumpers are 1.7 or 2 mm in diameter 1 yr 100% 100% 0% 2 yr 100% 100% 0% 4 yr 100% 100% 1% 10 year 100% 100% 50% Pinched fibres are mechanically un-reliable 30

31 Reliability Mechanical reliability concerns Risky Bend Warning! Bendloss (db) Bend loss at 850-nm (2.5 Turns) for OM3 fiber types Standard OM3 does not meet the BI-MMF macrobend requirement Stand. BOMMF BIMMF 1 1 BOMMF BIMMF 2 2 BOMMF BIMMF 3 3 These three BI-MMF designs have less than 0.2 db at 850 nm Optical reliability concerns Mandrel radius (mm) Bend insensitive fibre is not a substitute for proper cable management! 31

32 Mechanical Reliability Criteria What is the criteria for a data center? MDU FTTx Trunks and Metro Applications Long haul Submarine Users per Fibre ,000 Accepted Reliability Criteria Less than 10 ppm in 20 years Less than 1 ppm in 30 years Less than 1 ppm in 30 years 0 ppm in 40 years target Cost of failure 1 customer down, truck roll Several customers down, need for immediate repair FCC reportable incident, need for immediate repair FCC reportable incident. Failure extremely costly (Ship must be used) Minimum design bend 5 mm Radius 10 mm Radius 15 mm Radius 30 mm Radius 32

33 How much does downtime cost? Data centers are so crucial to ebay's business that the company has determined exactly how much it loses whenever there's an outage. The verdict? Depending on what goes down, the impact on the site is $2,000 to $4,000 per second. EBay's Utah data center is company's largest capital investment By Mark Fontecchio, News Writer 18 Mar 2010 SearchDataCenter.com 33

34 Summary of Bend Insensitive Multimode Fibre Bend insensitive fibres offer significantly improved bending loss, and can improve cable management problems in today shighdensity density interconnects It is prudent to balance macrobend performance with other fibre parameters a e including bandwidth d and interoperability to optimize system performance Bend insensitive multimode fibre standardization is currently underway. Significant progress is being made and technical content completion is targeted for the end of 2012 Bend insensitive fibre is NOT a substitute for proper cable management 34

35 Agenda Multimode Fibre Market Drivers Multimode Fibre Types and Standards Multimode Application Standards Multimode Fibre Value Proposition Future of Multimode Fibre Conclusions 35

36 Applications Enterprise Local Area Network Data Center/Supercomputing Moving rapidly to optical based networking Driven by bandwidth requirements Servers are capable of utilizing 10G speeds Availability of 40/100G uplinks will drive adoption of 10G at the server Driver for multimode fibre growth 36

37 TIA-942 Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard for Data Centers Originally published in 2005 Revision TIA-942-A expected publication in 2012 Major modifications from ANSI/TIA-942 in Optical OM3 and OM4 are now the only recognized multimode media types. OM4 is recommended. OM1 and OM2 Fibre is no longer recognized. LC connector is the recognized single fibre (simplex and duplex Fibre) connector. MPO is the recognized multi-fibre connector Removed 100m length limitation on optical fibre horizontal cabling. Now based on individual application requirements.

38 Evolution of Short Reach Applications

39 Ethernet Link Distance/ Application Mapping Link Speed Data Center Lg. Data Center Very Lg. Data Center Backbone 1Gb/ Gb/s OM3/OM4 10 Gb/s OM4 40 Gb/s 100 Gb/s OM4 OS1/OS2 Link Distance 100m 150m 300m 400m 1000m >1000m 39

40 Why is OM4 important? Fibre dominates in Access to Distribution and Distribution to Core links. Alan Flatman Principal Consultant, LAN Technologies, UK Long Data Center Links vs. Length IEEE802.3ba, Jan. 2008, Flatman_01_

41 40G & 100G Ethernet (IEEE 802.3ba) Reach & Media: 40 Gb/s for servers, HPC, SAN, NAS 10km on SMF (1310nm) 100m on OM3 MMF (850nm) 150m on OM4 MMF (850 nm) 40GBASE-LR4 40GBASE-SR4 40GBASE-SR4 7m over copper 40GBASE-CR4 1m over backplane 40GBASE-KR4 100 Gb/s for switching, routing, aggregation 40km on SMF (1310nm) 10km on SMF (1310nm) 100m on OM3 MMF (850nm) 150m on OM4 MMF (850nm) 100GBASE-ER4 100GBASE-LR4 100GBASE-SR10 100GBASE-SR10 7m over copper 100GBASE-CR10 41

42 40G & 100G Ethernet (continued) Reduced d reach of 100m on OM3, 150m on OM4 compared to 10G (300m on OM3, 550m on OM4) is due to relaxation of transmitter spectral width: from 0.45 to 0.65 nm There have been no changes to the fibre itself! 150m on OM4 expected to support 95%+ of Data Center links. 42

43 40G & 100G Ethernet MDI Recommendations References MPO interface req s/specs /p of IEC GBASE-SR4SR4 Left 4 Fibres are Tx Right 4 Fibres are Rx (inner 4 Fibres unused) 100GBASE-SR10 Inner 10 Fibres, Top Row are Rx Inner 10 Fibres, Left Side are Tx Inner 10 Fibres, Bot Row are Tx Inner 10 Fibres, Right Side are Rx (outermost Fibres both rows unused) (outermost Fibres each side unused) Option A (recommended) Option B Inner 10 Fibres, Top are Rx Inner 10 Fibres, Bot are Tx (outermost Fibre Top & Bot unused) Option C 43

44 High Speed Short Reach Technologies: Multiple Fibre Parallel Systems for 40G: One 12-Fibre cable duplex link 8 active Fibres 12 Fibre MPO connector One wavelength per fibre 4 x 10 Gb/s 44

45 High Speed Short Reach Technologies: Multiple Fibre Parallel Systems for 100G: Two 12 Fibre Cables, or 24 Fibre Cable 20 Active Duplex link MPO connector 2 x 12 Fibre 1 x 24 Fibre One wavelength per fibre 10 x 10 Gb/s 45

46 Ethernet Next Generation Next Generation 100Gb/s Optical Ethernet Study Group 4x25Gb/s transmission Different options discussed not all will be chosen

47 Can Multimode Fibre transmit 25Gb/s? C. Patrick Caputo- Georgia Institute of Technology Stephen E. Ralph Georgia Institute of Technology Yi Sun OFS 47

48 Early 25Gb/s Transmission Test Results Open Eye Diagram 25Gb/s transmission over 200m OM4 Fibre!!! 48

49 Fibre Channel Link Distance Link Speed Media Type 4G FC OM4 8G FC 800-M5-SA-I 8G FC 800-M5-SN-I 16G FC OM3/OM4 OM4 OM4 OS1/OS2 Link Distance 100m 125m 150m 190m 300m 380m 400m >400m

50 Fibre Channel next generation 32G Fibre Channel Roadmap Still serial transmission! 2 Fibres Same external connectors SFP and LC connectors Backward compatibility to 8 GFC and 16 GFC Planned FC-PI-6 release 2H2012 Product shipment 2014 Target link distance 100m on OM4 Fibre

51 Agenda Multimode Fibre Market Drivers Multimode Fibre Types and Standards Multimode Application Standards Multimode Fibre Value Proposition Future of Multimode Fibre Conclusions 51

52 Cost implications (100 G) Copper OM3 OM4 OS1 Twinax Multimode Multimode Singlemode Distance 7m 100m 150m 10 km Transceiver Pi Price? CAPEX Cable price CAPEX Power use per port 50 w 5 w 5 w 20+ w OPEX 52

53 Comparison between Single-mode and Multimode Fibre Systems Traditionally, optoelectronics have driven the cost difference between single-mode and multimode Single-mode CWDM system Pro: Lower cabling cost Con: Significantly higher transceiver cost Con: Higher power consumption Con: Larger size OM3 and OM4 multimode parallel systems Pro: Much lower transceiver cost using existing 10Gb/s VCSELs Pro: Lower power consumption Pro: Smaller footprint Con: Higher cabling cost 53

54 Single-mode vs Multimode 100Gb/s Cost Comparison Transceiver cost information from Sanspot.com and Avnetexpress.com - September 2011

55 Power Consumption Lower power consumption critical as link density and speed increase 100G CFP single-mode transceivers consume 20+ watts 100G CXP multimode transceivers consume ~5watts Savings ~ 15 watts/transceiver Cooling another 15 watts/transceiver 4 transceivers/server (2 on each end), multiplied by hundreds or thousands of servers per data center can consume significant amounts of power!! 55

56 Single-mode vs. Multimode Module Size Significantly larger footprint for singlemode CFP module Much lower faceplate density 4 single-mode modules in 1U footprint vs multimode modules! 56

57 Agenda Multimode Fibre Market Drivers Multimode Fibre Types and Standards Multimode Application Standards Multimode Fibre Value Proposition Future of Multimode Fibre Conclusions 57

58 Where is Multimode Going? Towards 25+ Gb/s transmission rates! Data centers are overflowing with connections A million connection data center is coming Connections will be multi Fibre The evolution path (Ethernet) 10 Gb/s is a single Fibre (Duplex cable) solution 40 Gb/s is a 4X10 solution with a 12 Fibre ribbon 100 Gb/s is a 10X10 solution using two 12 Fibre ribbons Transition from 40 G to 100 G will require new cabling on this path 100 Gb/s 4X25 solution is an easier upgrade path! 58

59 Conclusions Data centers are shifting from copper to fibre Copper is more costly and has limited transmission distance Fibre has much lower power consumption Multimode Fibre has key advantages over both copper and single-mode Fibre OM3 and OM4 Multimode fibre is the media of choice for Gb/s transmission rates in data centers OM1 and OM2 fibres will decrease in importance 59

60 Thank You! 60