Case Study Core Capabilities in Nuclear Forensics

Transcription

1 Nuclear Forensics Workshop, Bangkok, 7 9 December Case Study Core Capabilities in Nuclear Forensics Klaus Mayer Joint Research Centre Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU) Karlsruhe, Germany Objectives of Nuclear Forensic Analysis Nuclear Forensics Workshop, Bangkok, 7 9 December Nuclear Forensics shall provide information on nuclear material of immediate relevance to law enforcement Core Capabilities Nuclear Forensics aims at providing clues on the history (production process, date of production, place of production, intended use) of nuclear material Advanced Capabilities 1

2 Nuclear Forensics Nuclear Forensics Workshop, Bangkok, 7 9 December Information of immediate relevance to law enforcement: Main characteristics of material Radiological hazard Amount of material Information required for comprehensive investigation: Full set of characteristic parameters Comparison information Case Study Nuclear Forensics Workshop, Bangkok, 7 9 December Contaminated Scrap Metal Detection and then? 2

3 U contaminated scrap metal in Europe Nuclear Forensics Workshop, Bangkok, 7 9 December Fund 34: Tornio, Feb 2010, from Rotterdam Fund 32: Rotterdam, Nov 2008 Fund 33: Rotterdam, Jul-Oct 2009 Fund 35: Rotterdam, Apr 2010 Fund 36: Rotterdam, Apr 2010 Fund 37: Rotterdam, Jun 2010 Fund 38: Rotterdam, Sep 2010 Fund 39: Rotterdam, Oct 2010, all except F 35 from St. Petersburg, F 35 from Karachi Fund 27: Hennigsdorf, Mar 2006, from St. Petersburg Fund 23: Karlsruhe, Feb 1997, from? Find 27 Nuclear Forensics Workshop, Bangkok, 7 9 December Shipload of scrap metal Radiation detectors at material entry Entire container Single (or few) items Alarm triggered by detector Alarm verification Identification of item Length: 55 cm Separation of item inside: 12 cm 3

4 Find 27 Nuclear Forensics Workshop, Bangkok, 7 9 December Notification of competent National Authority State ministry for the environment Deployment of measurement expert support team (MEST) Contractor On-site measurement high resolution gamma spectrometry Assessment of type of material (categorization) highly enriched uranium (90% 235 U) Length: 55 cm Estimation of amount of material inside: 12 cm 50 g Assessment of radiological hazard incrustation of HEU on inner walls no action on scrap metal yard Find 27 Nuclear Forensics Workshop, Bangkok, 7 9 December Information to other Authorities Law enforcement Federal Ministry for the Environment ITDB via National Point of Contact Joint evaluation of situation no criminal or unlawful act Decisions and Actions Sample taken for further analysis Analysis request to ITU Disposal of item Item transferred to federal waste storage facility Length: 55 cm inside: 12 cm 4

5 Example 2: Lauenförde, Germany Nuclear Forensics Workshop, Bangkok, 7 9 December February 2007, Lauenförde, Germany. 14 Uranium pellets found in a garden. Questions: Intended use of the material? Origin of the material? Example 2 - Chronology Nuclear Forensics Workshop, Bangkok, 7 9 December February 2007 Pellets found in garden Determination of main parameters (core capability) 28. February 2007 Regional Authority asks for support by ITU Reach-back support 03. March 2007 Samples arrive at ITU Advanced nuclear forensics 05. March Intermediate Report (first clues) 09. March Intermediate Report (all conclusions) 10. Mai 2007 Final Report (full details) 5

6 Investigation in the Laboratory Nuclear Forensics Workshop, Bangkok, 7 9 December Unpacking Non-destructive measurement Visual Inspection Homogeneity Testing Unpacking Nuclear Forensics Workshop, Bangkok, 7 9 December

7 Pellet Homogeneity - Dimensions Nuclear Forensics Workshop, Bangkok, 7 9 December Pellet No. Höhe Durchmesser Masse Masse Uran(1) [mm] [mm] [g] [g] 30/1 11,24 9,23 7, , /2 11,35 9,23 7, , /3 11,36 9,23 7, , /4 11,35 9,23 7, , /5 11,08 9,23 7, , /6 11,20 9,22 7, , /7 11,26 9,25 7, , /8 11,18 9,21 7, , /9 11,27 9,24 7, , /10 11,12 9,26 7, , /11 11,12 9,24 7, , /12 11,23 9,24 7, , /13 11,01 9,22 7, , /14 10,95 9,23 7, ,565 0 Pellet Homogeneity - Enrichment Nuclear Forensics Workshop, Bangkok, 7 9 December Pellet-Nr. Datum der Messzeit U-235 Fehler (1s) (ITU Numerierung) Messung (s) (Gew.%) (Gew.%) Fund Mar Fund Mar Fund Mar Fund Mar Fund Mar Fund Mar Fund Mar Fund Mar Fund Mar Fund Mar Fund Mar Fund Mar Fund Mar Fund Mar Mittelwert Streuung (1s)

8 Example 2 - Data interpretation Nuclear Forensics Workshop, Bangkok, 7 9 December Database Query Enrichment, Geometry Nuclear Forensics Workshop, Bangkok, 7 9 December Measurement Database Record [1] Database Record [2] Average StDev Average Tolerance Average Tolerance Pellet Diameter mm Dishing Diameter Dishing Distance (Land) mm * 0.3* mm * 0.1* Chamfer Width mm Siemens (RBU) Fuel Fabrication Plant Hanau 8

9 Investigation in the Laboratory Nuclear Forensics Workshop, Bangkok, 7 9 December Isotopic Composition measured by TIMS U-234 U-235 U-236 U-238 Isotope Abundance (Mass%) 0,029 4 % 3,455 % 0,005 2 % 96,511 % Uncertainty 0,000 3 % 0,004 % 0,000 1 % 0,003 % measured by MC-ICP-MS U-234 U-235 U-236 U-238 Isotope Abundance (Mass%) 0,029 3 % 3,459 0 % 0,005 0 % 96,506 7 % Uncertainty 0,000 2 % 0,002 0 % 0,000 1 % 0,003 0 % Investigation in the Laboratory Nuclear Forensics Workshop, Bangkok, 7 9 December Chemical Impurities Concentration [ppm] 300,0 250,0 200,0 150,0 100,0 50,0 Lauenförde Russia Europe 0,0 Al Bi Ce Fe La Mn Na Nd Chemical Element P Sr Ti Y Zn 9

10 Pellet Geometry Nuclear Forensics Workshop, Bangkok, 7 9 December Investigation in the Laboratory Nuclear Forensics Workshop, Bangkok, 7 9 December Age Determination Radioactive decay as built-in chronometer Last chemical separation Nov./Dec Pellet production campaign Feb./March 1991 Fall 1991 Upgrade of physical protection at RBU plant 10

11 Conclusions Nuclear Forensics Workshop, Bangkok, 7 9 December Pellets are Homogeneous Typical Western European PWR pellets Russian origin can be excluded Sintered, unground, damaged Based on geometry RBU (Siemens in Hanau, Germany) was identified as the only possible manufacturer Pellet production campaign Feb./March Fall 1991 upgrade of physical protection at RBU plant. Summary Nuclear Forensics Workshop, Bangkok, 7 9 December Core capabilities in nuclear forensics Available to each government Rapid and efficient Affordable Sustainable Supported through international cooperation 11