Nuclear security in France : role of cooperation to enhance security culture

Transcription

1 EU High-level Event on "International cooperation to enhance a worldwide nuclear security culture" Nuclear security in France : role of cooperation to enhance security culture Dr. Frédéric Mariotte Deputy Director Security Head Division/Risk Management Sector French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission Head of CEA National Crisis Organization Amsterdam, 20 March 2014

2 French nuclear stakeholders Nuclear safety authorities Nuclear security authority 1 technical support organization for authorities 2. Propose modalities in order to reach these objectives 4. Carry out the approved measures 1. Define the security (or safety ) objectives 3. Check that such modalities encounter to achieve the targets 5. Control the execution of these measures SGDSN 3 major operators in French nuclear activities 250 nuclear facilities 2

3 IAEA pillars of nuclear security Prevention to protect nuclear and other radioactive material, facilities and transports from malicious acts. National nuclear security regulations. Physical protection of nuclear materials & facilities. Accountancy of nuclear materials. Protection of information systems. Protection of scientific/technical assets and classified national security information. Detection of malicious acts involving nuclear and other radioactive material : Detection at nuclear facilities. Other detections : illicit trafficking, critical infra-structure, major public events, Response to illegal acts involving nuclear and other radioactive material: Response on nuclear facilities (theft and sabotage). National response framework for other nuclear security events : unauthorized act, nuclear terrorism threat, illicit trafficking, major public events,... 3

4 Protection of French nuclear sites Knowledge of the threat Design basis threat (DBT) : a basis to design, upgrade and evaluate the physical protection system (PPS). Continuous threat assessment / early detection of malevolent action : information sharing, intelligence gathering around nuclear sites, promotion of nuclear security culture inside nuclear sites Efficient physical protection system Based on a French legislative and regulatory framework with specific requirements for nuclear material and nuclear facilities protection. Compliant with INFCIRC 225 rev.5. Taking into account the design basis threat. Implementation of concepts of graded approach and defense in depth. Sharing best practices at national and international levels. A shared responsibility between operator and public authorities : Operator responsibility : Responsible of the means he selects and operates in order to fulfill effective protection. Demonstration of the effectiveness of their physical protection, but also an obligation of means. State responsibility : Planning measures of vigilance, prevention, protection and response provided by public authorities (national and local level). Monitoring mission on the security and protection of nuclear sites. 4

5 Prevention : benefit & example of international cooperation to enhance nuclear security culture EVA Software : vulnerability assessment tools EVA (developed by CEA) is a path / timeline analysis software, including detection and delay. Shared and discussed with French operators, foreigner states (nuclear states, newcomers,...) and IAEA. Benefit : Benchmark and evolution of the tool (theft to sabotage). Physical Protection Laboratory at CEA/Saclay : Test of indoor and outdoor security devices with DBT tools (armed forces, firearms, explosives, ) Exchanges of good practices and experiments with French operators, special task forces, foreigner states (nuclear states, nuclear newcomers,...). Benefit : Enhancement of knowledge on performances and vulnerabilities of security equipment. Providing numerical values characterizing the physical protection devices (classified data) 5

6 Detection : networking technologies to foster the emergence of new operational capacities Joint ministerial CBRN-E R&D program ( ) : Development and technological transfer of DIRAD beacon First implementation (2010) Definition of CONOPs for critical infrastructure security 2010 Experimental program in Paris subway Experimental program in Roissy airport facilities Triage mission in Eurotunnel (London Olympic Games) 2012 Experimental and operational programs - Triage ( ) CEA Test towards a detection network 6

7 Detection : benefit & example of international cooperation to enhance nuclear security culture Exchanges on strategy to build nuclear detection architecture : IAEA and Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT). CBRN Centres of Excellence (EU initiative) to promote detection network at regional level (Morocco, ). Training on good practices related to concept of operations : Training and awareness of first responders (customs, firefighters, law enforcement forces, ) to nuclear detection. Custom s trainings operational response to detection (JRC-Ispra): since 2010, organized by Border monitoring working group, US SLD and IAEA. Technical cooperation on radiological detectors : Foreigner countries : benchmark of detection equipment. JRC : security research agreement and technical cooperation CEA- ITU on R/N detection (FP7 projects, metrology, standards,..). IAEA : Numerous scientific and technical exchanges. 7

8 Response : Interministerial central detachment for technical response (DCI-IT) Missions : Emergency response in case of CBRN terrorist threat. CBRN security at major public events. Assistance to French authorities (Police, Customs, Justice, ) in case of illicit trafficking of CBRN materials. DCI-IT creation on 6 th March Joint ministerial structure comprising staff from : Interior Ministry. French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission. Ministry of Defense. Health Ministry (February 1998). Activated by the General Director of National Police. Various phases of response on improvised RN devices : assessment of the threat, search, diagnostic, assessment and neutralization of the device. 8

9 Response : benefit & example of international cooperation to enhance nuclear security culture Exchange on strategies and response capabilities : Strategy and tools dedicated to nuclear security at major public events : Invitation of IAEA representatives at CIMO summit in Nice, Joint teams with UK for the Rugby world cup in France, Assistance and training to secure Olympic Games (Athens & Beijing). Atlas network between European special task forces : France (FIPN RAID) leader in sous-group CBRN threat. Exchanges on equipment to respond in contaminated area (suits, breathing apparatus, detection devices, ) Interoperability Assistance to countries through IAEA : Search of orphan radioactive sources. Assistance to develop strategy and mobile vehicles in case of radiological event. Medical assistance (French military hospital of Percy). EC project All together against CBRN terrorist threats : Training and awareness of first responders (customs, firefighters, law enforcement forces, ) by DCI : Slovak Republic, Czech Republic, Estonia, Slovenia, Turkey, Hungry, Italy, 9

10 Conclusions Bilateral cooperation (training, exchange of best practices, assistance, observation of exercises, joint exercises, exchanges on crisis organization, ), a tool to establish a strong nuclear security culture. Major role of IAEA to improve nuclear security culture : education and training networks, Integrated Nuclear Security Support Plans (INSSPs), Nuclear Security Series, Strong involvement of the European commission in the field of Nuclear security (centres of excellence, JRC, DG Home,...) Crucial role of scientists & engineers to enhance security culture : Be associated with major security choices (included choices at facility s conception). Security integrated with more fluidity in the operating modes. Security not anymore a constraint : no bypass, no shunt, Disseminate preventive message. 10

11 Thank you for your attention Any question? French alternative energies and atomic energy commission Fontenay-aux-Roses center 18, Route du Panorama - BP6, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France Risk Management Sector Security Head Division Etablissement public à caractère industriel et commercial RCS Paris B