Practical Database Programming With Visual C#.NET

Transcription

1 Practical Database Programming With Visual C#.NET Ying Bai Department of Computer Science and Engineering Johnson C. Smith University Charlotte, North Carolina IEEE PRESS A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication

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3 Practical Database Programming With Visual C#.NET

4 IEEE Press 445 Hoes Lane Piscataway, NJ IEEE Press Editorial Board Lajos Hanzo, Editor in Chief R. Abari T. Chen B. M. Hammerli J. Anderson T. G. Croda O. Malik S. Basu M. El-Hawary S. Nahavandi A. Chatterjee S. Farshchi W. Reeve Kenneth Moore, Director of IEEE Book and Information Services (BIS)

5 Practical Database Programming With Visual C#.NET Ying Bai Department of Computer Science and Engineering Johnson C. Smith University Charlotte, North Carolina IEEE PRESS A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication

6 Copyright 2010 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. All rights reserved. Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) , fax (978) , or on the web at Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) , fax (201) , or online at Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) , outside the United States at (317) or fax (317) Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www. wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Bai, Ying, 1956 Practical database programming with Visual C#.NET / Ying Bai. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN (cloth) 1. Microsoft Visual C#.NET. 2. C# (Computer program language) 3. Database design. 4. Microsoft.NET. I. Title. QA76.73.C154B '882 dc Printed in the United States of America

7 To my wife, Yan Wang, and my daughter, Xue Bai

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9 Contents Preface xxiii Acknowledgment xxv 1 Introduction 1 Outstanding Features of the Book 2 Target Audience 2 Topics Covered 3 Organization of the Book and How to Use It 5 How to Use the Source Code and Sample Databases 6 Instructor and Customer Support 7 Homework Solutions 8 2 Introduction to Databases What Are Databases and Database Programs? File Processing System Integrated Databases Develop a Database Sample Database Relational Data Model Entity-Relationship Model (ER) Identifying Keys Primary Key and Entity Integrity Candidate Key Foreign Keys and Referential Integrity Define Relationships Connectivity ER Notation Data Normalization First Normal Form (1NF) Second Normal Form (2NF) Third Normal Form (3NF) Database Components in Some Popular Databases Microsoft Access Databases 28 vii

10 viii Contents Database File Tables Queries SQL Server Databases Data Files Tables Views Stored Procedures Keys and Relationships Indexes Transaction Log Files Oracle Databases Data Files Tables Views Stored Procedures Indexes Initialization Parameter Files Control Files Redo Log Files Password Files Create Microsoft Access Sample Database Create LogIn Table Create Faculty Table Create Other Tables Create Relationships Among Tables Create Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Sample Database Create LogIn Table Create Faculty Table Create Other Tables Create Relationships Among Tables Create Relationship Between LogIn and Faculty Tables Create Relationship Between LogIn and Student Tables Create Relationship Between Faculty and Course Tables Create Relationship Between Student and StudentCourse Tables Create Relationship Between Course and StudentCourse Tables Create Oracle 10g XE Sample Database Create Oracle User Database Add New Data Tables into Oracle User Database Create LogIn Table Create Faculty Table Create Other Tables Create Constraints Between Tables Create Constraints Between LogIn and Faculty Tables Create Constraints Between LogIn and Student Tables 81

11 Create Constraints Between Course and Faculty Tables Create Constraints Between StudentCourse and Student Tables Create Constraints Between StudentCourse and Course Tables Chapter Summary 86 Homework 87 Contents ix 3 Introduction to ADO.NET ADO and ADO.NET Overview of ADO.NET Architecture of ADO.NET Components of ADO.NET Data Provider ODBC Data Provider OLEDB Data Provider SQL Server Data Provider Oracle Data Provider Connection Class Open() Method of Connection Class Close() Method of Connection Class Dispose() Method of Connection Class Command and Parameter Classes Properties of Command Class Constructors and Properties of Parameter Class Parameter Mapping Methods of ParameterCollection Class Constructor of Command Class Methods of Command Class DataAdapter Class Constructor of DataAdapter Class Properties of DataAdapter Class Methods of DataAdapter Class Events of DataAdapter Class DataReader Class DataSet Component DataSet Constructor DataSet Properties DataSet Methods DataSet Events DataTable Component DataTable Constructor DataTable Properties DataTable Methods DataTable Events ADO.NET 3.5 Entity Framework 127

12 x Contents ADO.NET 3.5 Entity Data Model Using ADO.NET 3.5 Entity Data Model Wizard Chapter Summary 142 Homework Introduction to Language-Integrated Query (LINQ) Overview of Language-Integrated Query Some Special Interfaces Used in LINQ IEnumerable and IEnumerable<T> Interfaces IQueryable and IQueryable<T> Interfaces Standard Query Operators Deferred Standard Query Operators Nondeferred Standard Query Operators Introduction to LINQ Query Architecture and Components of LINQ Overview of LINQ to Objects Overview of LINQ to DataSet Overview of LINQ to SQL Overview of LINQ to Entities Overview of LINQ to XML LINQ to Objects LINQ and ArrayList LINQ and Strings Query a String to Determine Number of Numeric Digits Sort Lines of Structured Text by Any Field in Line LINQ and File Directories Query Contents of Files in a Folder LINQ and Reflection LINQ to DataSet Operations to DataSet Objects Query Expression Syntax Method-Based Query Syntax Query the Single Table Query the Cross Tables Query Typed DataSet Operations to DataRow Objects Using Extension Methods Operations to DataTable Objects LINQ to SQL LINQ to SQL Entity Classes and DataContext Class LINQ to SQL Database Operations Data Selection Query Data Insertion Query Data Updating Query Data Deletion Query LINQ to SQL Implementations 206

13 Contents xi 4.7 LINQ to Entities Object Services Component ObjectContext Component ObjectQuery Component LINQ to Entities Flow of Execution Implementation of LINQ to Entities LINQ to XML LINQ to XML Class Hierarchy Manipulate XML Elements Creating XML from Scratch Insert XML Update XML Delete XML Manipulate XML Attributes Add XML Attributes Get XML Attributes Delete XML Attributes Query XML with LINQ to XML Standard Query Operators and XML XML Query Extensions Using Query Expressions with XML Using XPath and XSLT with LINQ to XML Mixing XML and Other Data Models C# 3.0 Language Enhancement for LINQ Lambda Expressions Extension Methods Implicitly Typed Local Variables Query Expressions Chapter Summary 228 Homework Data Selection Query with Visual C#.NET 235 PART I Data Query with Visual Studio Design Tools and Wizards Completed Sample Database Application Example Visual Studio.NET 2008 Design Tools and Wizards Data Design Tools in Toolbox Window DataSet DataGridView BindingSource BindingNavigator TableAdapter Data Design Wizards in Data Source Window Add New Data Source Data Source Configuration Wizard DataSet Designer 249

14 xii Contents 5.3 Build a Sample Database Project SelectWizard with SQL Server Database Application User Interfaces LogIn Form Selection Form Faculty Form Course Form Student Form Add and Utilize Visual Studio.NET Wizards and Design Tools Add and Configure a New Data Source Query and Display Data Using the DataGridView Control View Entire Table View Each Record or Specified Columns Use DataSet Designer to Edit the Structure of DataSet Bind Data to Associated Controls in LogIn Form Develop Codes to Query Data Using Fill() Method Use Return a Single Value to Query Data for LogIn Form Coding for Selection Form Bind Data to Associated Controls in Faculty Form Develop Codes to Query Data from Faculty Table Develop Codes to Query Data Using SQL SELECT Method Develop Codes to Query Data Using LINQ Method Display Pictures for Faculty Form Binding Data to Associated Controls in Course Form Develop Codes to Query Data for Course Form Query Data from the Course Table Using TableAdapter Method Query Data from the Course Table Using LINQ Method Build a Sample Database Project SelectWizardOracle with Oracle Database Create a New Visual C# Project SelectWizardOracle Select and Add Oracle Database 10g XE as Data Source 300 PART II Data Query with Runtime Objects Introduction to Runtime Objects Procedure of Building a Data-Driven Application Using Runtime Objects Query Data Using Runtime Objects to Microsoft Access 2007 Database Query Data Using Runtime Objects for LogIn Form Declare Runtime Objects Connect to Data Source with Runtime Objects Coding for Method 1: Using DataSet DataAdapter to Query Data Coding for Method 2: Using DataReader to Query Data 312

15 Contents xiii Coding for Selection Form Query Data Using Runtime Objects for Faculty Form Query Data Using Runtime Objects for Course Form Query Data Using Runtime Objects for Student Form Coding for Constructor of Student Form Coding for Student Select Button Click Method Query Data Using Runtime Objects to SQL Server Database Migrating from Access to SQL Server and Oracle Databases Query Data Using General Runtime Objects Query Data Using the General Runtime Objects for LogIn Form Coding for Selection Form Query Data Using General Runtime Objects for Faculty Form Query Data Using General Runtime Objects for Course Form Retrieve Data from Multiple Tables Using Joined Tables Method Query Data Using General Runtime Objects for Student Form Query Data Using Stored Procedures Query Data Using LINQ to SQL Technique Create Entity Classes and Connect DataContext to Database Query Data Using LINQ to SQL for LogIn Form Coding for Selection Form Query Data Using LINQ to SQL for Faculty Form Query Data Using Joined LINQ to SQL for Course Form Query Data Using LINQ to SQL Stored Procedures for Student Form Query Data Using Runtime Objects to Oracle Database Oracle Database 10g Express Edition Release Configure Oracle Database Connection String Query Data Using General Runtime Objects Query Data Using General Runtime Objects for LogIn Form Coding for Selection Form Query Data Using Runtime Objects for Faculty Form Query Data Using Runtime Objects for Course Form Stored Procedures in Oracle Database Environment Syntax of Creating a Stored Procedure in Oracle Syntax of Creating a Package in Oracle Create Faculty_Course Package for Course Form Query Data Using Oracle Package for Course Form Chapter Summary 432 Homework 434

16 xiv Contents 6 Data Inserting with Visual C#.NET 439 PART I Data Inserting with Visual Studio.NET Design Tools and Wizards Insert New Data into a Database Insert New Records into a Database Using TableAdapter.Insert Method Insert New Records into a Database Using TableAdapter.Update Method Insert Data into Microsoft Access Database Using Sample Project InsertWizard Create New Project Based on SampleWizards Project Application User Interfaces Create Insert Faculty Form Window Duplicate Visual C#.NET Projects with Installed DataSet Validate Data Before Data Insertion The.NET Framework Collection Classes Validate Data Using Generic Collection Initialization and Termination Coding for Data Insertion Build Insert Query Configure TableAdapter and Build Data Inserting Query Develop Codes to Insert Data Using TableAdapter.Insert Method Develop Codes to Insert Data Using TableAdapter.Update Method Validate Data After Data Insertion Modifications to Faculty Form Window Modifications to Insert Faculty Form Window Insert Data into SQL Server Database Using Sample Project SQLInsertWizard Modify Existing Project to Get New Data Insertion Project Create New Form Window to Insert Data for Course Form Trigger and Connect to Visual Studio Design Tools Project Initialization and Validate Data Before Data Insertion Configure TableAdapter and Build Data Insertion Query Develop Codes to Insert Data Using TableAdapter.Insert Method Develop Codes to Insert Data Using TableAdapter.Update Method Use Select Button in Course Form to Perform Data Validation Insert Data into Database Using Stored Procedures Create Stored Procedure Using TableAdapter Query Configuration Wizard 485

17 Modify Codes to Perform Data Insertion Using Stored Procedure Insert Data into Oracle Database Using Sample Project OracleInsertWizard 489 Contents xv PART II Data Insertion with Runtime Objects General Runtime Objects Method Insert Data into SQL Server Database Using Runtime Objects Method Add Inserting Data Form Window: Insert Faculty Form Modify Codes to Copied Project Startup Coding and Data Validation Before Data Insertion Insert Data into Faculty Table Validate Data After Data Insertion Modifications to Faculty Form Window Insert New Faculty Photo Modifications to Insert Faculty Form Window Insert Data into Microsoft Access Database Using Runtime Objects Modifications to Namespaces Remove SP Form and Student Form Modify Database Connection String Modify LogIn Query Strings Modify Faculty Query String Modifications to Other Forms Insert Data into Oracle Database Using Runtime Objects Add Oracle Reference and Oracle Namespace Modify Project Namespaces Modify Database Connection String Modify LogIn Query Strings Modify Faculty Query String Modifications to Other Forms Insert Data into Database Using LINQ Queries Insert Data into SQL Server Database Using LINQ to SQL Queries Insert Data into Database Using Stored Procedures Insert Data into SQL Server Database Using Stored Procedures Add an Inserting Data Form Window: Insert Course Form Develop Stored Procedures of SQL Server Database Develop Codes to Call Stored Procedures to Insert Data into Course Table Insert Data into Oracle Database Using Stored Procedures Develop Stored Procedures in Oracle Database Develop Codes to Call Stored Procedures to Insert Data into Course Table 543

18 xvi Contents 6.11 Chapter Summary 547 Homework Data Updating and Deleting with Visual C#.NET 551 PART I Data Updating and Deleting with Visual Studio.NET Design Tools and Wizards Update or Delete Data in Databases Updating and Deleting Data in Related Tables in DataSet Update or Delete Data in Database Using TableAdapter DBDirect Methods TableAdapter.Update and TableAdapter.Delete Update or Delete Data in Database Using TableAdapter.Update Method Update and Delete Data for Microsoft Access Database Create New Project Based on InsertWizard Project Application User Interfaces Modify Faculty Form Window Bind Data for All Textboxes of Faculty Form Window Validate Data Before Data Updating and Deleting Build Update and Delete Queries Build Data Updating Query Function Build Data Deleting Query Function Develop Codes to Update Data Using TableAdapter DBDirect Method Modifications of Coding Updating Coding Develop Codes to Update Data Using TableAdapter.Update Method Develop Codes to Delete Data Using TableAdapter DBDirect Method Develop Codes to Delete Data Using TableAdapter.Update Method Validate Data After Data Updating and Deleting Update and Delete Data for SQL Server Database Update and Delete Data for Oracle Database 572 PART II Data Updating and Deleting with Runtime Objects Runtime Objects Method Update and Delete Data for SQL Server Database Using Runtime Objects Update Data in Faculty Table for SQL Server Database Modify Faculty Form Window Modify Original Coding in Faculty Form Develop Codes to Update Data Validate Data Updating 579

19 Contents xvii Delete Data from Faculty Table for SQL Server Database Develop Codes to Delete Data Validate Data Updating and Deleting Update and Delete Data for Oracle Databases Using Runtime Objects Add Oracle Namespace Reference Modify Connection String and Query String for LogIn Form Modify Connection String in Constructor of LogIn Class Modify SELECT Query String in TabLogIn Button Click Method Modify SELECT Query String in ReadLogIn Button Click Method Modify Query Strings in Faculty Form Modify SELECT Query String for Select Button Click Method Modify UPDATE Query String for Update Button Click Method Modify DELETE Query String for Delete Button Click Method Modify Query Strings for Course Form Modify SELECT Query String for Select Button Click Method Modify SELECT Query String for CourseList Click Method Other Modifications Update and Delete Data in Database Using Stored Procedures Update and Delete Data in Access Database Using Stored Procedures Modify Existing Project Create Stored Procedures in Microsoft Access Database Call Stored Procedure to Update Faculty Information Call Stored Procedure to Delete Faculty Information Update and Delete Data in SQL Server Database Using Stored Procedures Modify Existing Project to Create New Project Develop Stored Procedure in SQL Server Database Call Stored Procedure to Perform Data Updating and Deleting Update and Delete Data in Oracle Database Using Stored Procedures Modify Existing Project to Create New Project Develop Stored Procedure in Oracle Database Call Stored Procedures to Perform Data Updating and Deleting 614

20 xviii Contents 7.9 Update and Delete Data in Databases Using LINQ to SQL Query Create New Object of DataContext Class Develop Codes for Select Button Click Method Develop Codes for Update Button Click Method Develop Codes for Delete Button Click Method Chapter Summary 621 Homework Accessing Data in ASP.NET What Is.NET Framework? What Is ASP.NET and ASP.NET 3.5? ASP.NET Web Application File Structure ASP.NET Execution Model What Really Happens When a Web Application Is Executed? Requirements to Test and Run a Web Project Develop ASP.NET Web Application to Select Data from SQL Server Databases Create the User Interface LogIn Form Develop Codes to Access and Select Data from Database Validate Data on Client Side Create Second User Interface Selection Page Develop Codes to Open Other Page Create Third User Interface Faculty Page Develop Codes to Select Desired Faculty Information Develop Codes for Page_Load Method Develop Codes for Select Button Method Develop Codes for Other Methods Create Fourth User Interface Course Page AutoPostBack Property of Listbox Control Develop Codes to Select Desired Course Information Coding for Course Page Loading and Ending Methods Coding for Select Button Click Method Coding for SelectedIndexChanged Method of Listbox Control Coding for Other User-Defined Methods Develop ASP.NET Web Application to Insert Data into SQL Server Databases Create New Web Page Insert.aspx Develop Codes to Perform Data Insertion Function Develop Codes for Page_Load and Back Button Click Methods Develop Codes for Insert Button Click Method Develop Codes for Other Methods Validate Data Insertion 668

21 Contents xix 8.5 Develop Web Applications to Update and Delete Data in SQL Server Databases Application User Interfaces Modify Coding for Faculty Page Develop Codes for Update Button Click Method Develop Codes for Delete Button Click Method Relationships Between Five Tables in Our Sample Database Data Deleting Order Sequence Use Cascade Deleting Option to Simplify Data Deleting Develop Codes to Perform Data Deleting Develop ASP.NET Web Applications with LINQ to SQL Query Create New Web Form Page Create New Object of DataContext Class Coding for Data Selection Query Coding for Data Insertion Query Coding for Data Updating and Deleting Queries Develop ASP.NET Web Application to Select Data from Oracle Databases Modify Connection String and Connection Object on LogIn Page Modify Query String in LogIn Page Modify Query String in Faculty Page Modify Query Strings in Course Page Develop ASP.NET Web Application to Insert Data into Oracle Databases Add Two Controls to Faculty Page Modify Codes to Some Methods on Faculty Page Create Codes to Insert New Faculty on Faculty Page Develop ASP.NET Web Application to Update and Delete Data in Oracle Databases Modify Project to Perform Data Updating Create Codes to Update Button Click Method Develop Stored Procedures to Perform Data Deleting Delete Existing Record from Faculty Table Develop Codes for Delete Button Click Method Validate Data Deleting Action Constraint Property On Delete Cascade in Data Table Chapter Summary 717 Homework ASP.NET Web Services Web Services and Their Components Procedures to Build a Web Service Structure of a Typical Web Service Project Real Considerations When Building a Web Service Project Procedures to Build an ASP.NET Web Service 725

22 xx Contents 9.3 Build ASP.NET Web Service Projects to Access SQL Server Database Files and Items Created in the New Web Service Project Feeling of Hello World Web Service Project as It Runs Modify Default Web Service Project Create a Base Class to Handle Error Checking for Our Web Service Create Real Web Service Class Add Web Methods into Our Web Service Class Develop the Codes for Web Methods to Perform the Web Services Web Service Connection Strings Modify Existing Web Method Develop Codes to Perform Database Queries Develop Codes for User-Defined Methods Develop Stored Procedures to Perform the Data Query Develop Stored Procedure WebSelectFacultySP Add Another Web Method to Call the Stored Procedure Use DataSet as Returning Object for Web Method Build Windows-Based Web Service Clients to Use the Web Services Create a Web Service Proxy Class Develop Graphic User Interface for Windows-Based Client Project Develop Code to Use the Web Service Build Web-Based Web Service Clients to Use the Web Service Create a New Website Project and Add an Existing Web Page Add a Web Service Reference and Modify the Web Form Window Modify Codes for Related Methods Deploy the Completed Web Service to Production Servers Copy Web Service Files to Virtual Directory Publish Precompiled Web Service Build ASP.NET Web Service Project to Insert Data into SQL Server Database Modify Existing Web Service Project Web Service Project Development Procedure Develop and Modify Codes for Code-Behind Page Develop and Modify First Web Method SetSQLInsertSP Develop Second Web Method GetSQLInsert Develop and Modify Third Web Method SQLInsertDataSet Develop Fourth Web Method GetSQLInsertCourse Build Windows-Based Web Service Clients to Use Web Services Build Web-Based Web Service Clients to Use Web Services Create a New Website Project and Add Existing Web Page Add Web Service Reference and Modify Web Form Window Modify Codes for Related Methods 795

23 Contents xxi 9.5 Build ASP.NET Web Service to Update and Delete Data for SQL Server Database Modify Existing Web Service Project Modify Related Web Methods Modify Web Method from SetSQLInsertSP to SQLUpdateSP Modify Web Method GetSQLInsert to GetSQLCourse Modify Web Method GetSQLInsertCourse to GetSQLCourseDetail Add New Web Method SQLDeleteSP Develop Two Stored Procedures WebUpdateCourseSP and WebDeleteCourseSP Develop Stored Procedure WebUpdateCourseSP Develop Stored Procedure WebDeleteCourseSP Build Windows-Based Web Service Clients to Use Web Services Build Web-Based Web Service Clients to Use Web Services Create New Website Project and Add Existing Web Page Add Web Service Reference and Modify Web Form Window Modify Codes for Related Methods Modify Codes in Page_Load Method Develop Codes for Update Button s Click Method Develop Codes for Delete Button s Click Method Modify Codes in Select Button s Click Method and Related Methods Modify Codes in SelectedIndexChanged Method Build ASP.NET Web Service Project to Access Oracle Database Build Web Service Project WebServiceOracleSelect Modify Connection String Modify Namespace Directories Modify Web Method GetSQLSelect and Related Methods Modify Web Method GetSQLSelectSP and Related Methods Modifications to Stored Procedure WebSelectFacultySP Modifications to Codes in Web Method GetSQLSelectSP Modify Web Method GetSQLSelectDataSet Build Web Service Clients to Use the Web Service WebServiceOracleSelect Build ASP.NET Web Service Project to Insert Data into Oracle Database Build Web Service Project WebServiceOracleInsert Modify Connection String Modify Namespace Directories Modify Web Method SetSQLInsertSP and Related Methods Modify Web Method GetSQLInsert and Related Methods Modify Web Method SQLInsertDataSet Modify Web Method GetSQLInsertCourse and Related Methods Build Web Service Clients to Use Web Service WebServiceOracleInsert Build ASP.NET Web Service to Update and Delete Data for Oracle Database 872

24 xxii Contents Build Web Service Project WebServiceOracleUpdateDelete Modify Connection String Modify Namespace Directories Modify Web Method SQLUpdateSP and Related Methods Develop Stored Procedure UpdateCourse_SP Modify Web Method GetSQLCourse and Related Methods Modify Web Method GetSQLCourseDetail and Related Methods Modify Web Method SQLDeleteSP Develop Stored Procedure WebDeleteCourseSP Implement and Test Web Service Project Build Web Service Clients to Use Web Service Chapter Summary 890 Homework 891 Index 895 About the Author 903

25 Preface Databases have become an integral part of our modern daily life. We are an information - driven society. Database technology has a direct impact on our daily lives. Decisions are routinely made by organizations based on the information collected and stored in databases. A record company may decide to market certain CDs in selected regions based on the music preferences of teenagers. Grocery stores display more popular items at eye level and reorders are based on the inventories taken at regular intervals. Other examples include patients records in hospitals, customers account information in banks, book orders by the libraries, club memberships, auto part orders, winter cloth stock by department stores, and many others. In addition to database management systems, in order to effectively apply and implement databases in real industrial or commercial systems, a good graphic user interface (GUI) is needed to enable users to access and manipulate their records or data in databases. Visual C#.NET is an ideal candidate to provide this GUI functionality. Unlike other programming languages, Visual C#.NET has advantages such as easy - to - learn and easy - to - be - understood with few learning curves. Beginning from Visual Studio.NET 2003, Microsoft integrated a few programming languages such as Visual C++, Visual Basic, C#, and Visual J# into a dynamic model called.net Framework that makes Internet and Web programming easy and simple, and any language integrated in this model can be used to develop professional and efficient Web applications that can be used to communicate with others via Internet. ADO.NET and ASP.NET are two important submodels of.net Framework. The former provides all components, including Data Providers, DataSet and DataTable, to access and manipulate data against different databases. The latter provides support to develop Web applications and Web services in ASP.NET environment to assist users to exchange information between clients and servers easily and conveniently. This book is mainly designed for college students and software programmers who want to develop practical and commercial database programming with Visual C#.NET 2008 and relational databases such as Microsoft Access, SQL Server 2005, and Oracle Database 10 g XE. The book provides a detailed description about practical considerations and applications in database programming with Visual C# 2008 with authentic examples and detailed explanations. More important, a new writing style is developed and implemented in this book, combined with real examples, to provide readers with a clear picture as how to handle the database programming issues in Visual C#.NET 2008 environment. The outstanding features of this book include, but are not limited to: 1. A novel writing style is adopted to try to attract students or beginning programmers interested in learning and developing practical database programs, and to avoid the headache caused by using huge blocks of codes in the traditional database programming books. xxiii

26 xxiv Preface 2. A real completed sample database CSE_DEPT with three versions (Microsoft Access 2007, SQL Server 2005 SP2, and Oracle Database 10 g XE Release 2) is provided and used throughout the entire book. Step by step, detailed illustrations and descriptions about how to design and build a practical relational database are provided. 3. Both fundamental and advanced database - programming techniques are covered to convenience both beginning students and experienced programmers. 4. The new database query technique LINQ API, which includes LINQ to Objects, LINQ to DataSet, LINQ to SQL, LINQ to Entities, and LINQ to XML, is discussed, analyzed, and implemented in actual projects with line - by - line explanations. 5. More than 60 real sample database programming projects are covered in the book with detailed illustrations and explanations to help students understand key techniques and programming technologies. 6. Three types of popular databases are covered and discussed in detail with practical sample examples: Microsoft Access, SQL Server 2005, and Oracle Database 10 g Express Edition (XE). 7. Various actual data providers are discussed and implemented in the sample projects, such as the SQL Server and Oracle data providers. Instead of using the OleDb to access the SQL Server or Oracle databases, the real SQL Server and Oracle data providers are utilized to connect to the Visual C#.NET 2008 directly to perform data operations. 8. Homework and selected solutions are provided for each chapter to strengthen and improve students learning and understanding topics they have studied. 9. PowerPoint teaching slides are also provided to help instructors in teaching and organizing their classes. 10. This is a good textbook for college students, as well as a good reference book for programmers, software engineers, and academic researchers. I sincerely hope that this book provides useful and practical assistance and guidelines to all readers and users who adopt this book. I will be more than happy to know that you have been able to develop and build professional and practical database applications with the help of this book. Charlotte, North Carolina January 2010 Y ING BAI

27 Acknowledgment The first and most special thanks to my wife, Yan Wang. I could not have finished this book without her sincere encouragement and support. Special thanks to Dr. Satish Bhalla, who made great contributions to Chapter 2. Dr. Bhalla is a specialist in database programming and management, especially in SQL Server, Oracle, and DB2. Dr. Bhalla spent a lot of time preparing materials for the first part on Chapter 2 and he deserves this thank you. Many thanks to Mr. Steve Welch who makes this book available to you. You would not find this book on the market without Mr. Steve Welch s deep perspective and hard work. The same thanks are extended to the editorial team of this book. Without their contributions, it wouldn t have been impossible for this book to be published. This thank you should also be extended to the following book reviewers for their precious opinions to this book: Dr. Jifeng Xu, Research Scientist, The Boeing Company Dr. Xiaohong Yuan, Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science, North Carolina A &T State University Dr. Daoxi Xiu, Application Analyst Programmer, North Carolina Administrative Office of the Courts Dr. Dali Wang, Assistant Professor, Department of Physics and Computer Science, Christopher Newport University Finally but not the last, thanks should be forwarded to all the guys who supported me to finish this book. Y. B. xxv

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29 Chapter 1 Introduction During my years of teaching database programming at the college level, it was difficult to find a good textbook on this topic. I have had to combine a few different professional books together as references to teach this course. Most of these books are specially designed for programmers or software engineers, which cover a lot of programming strategies and present huge blocks of code, which can give a terrible headache to the college students or beginning programmers who are new to Visual Studio.NET and database programming. I have had to prepare class presentations and develop homework problems and exercises for my students. I used to dream that one day I would find a good textbook that would be suitable for college students or beginning programmers and help them to learn and master database programming with Visual C#.NET easily and conveniently. Finally, I decided to do something myself about filling this lack of a good textbook. Another reason for writing this book is the job market. As you know, most industrial and commercial companies in the United States are database applications businesses such as manufactures, banks, hospitals, and retailers. The majority of them need professional people to develop and build database - related applications, but not database management and design systems. To enable our students to become good candidates for these companies, we need to create a book like this one. Unlike most database programming books on the current market, which discuss and present database programming techniques with huge blocks of programming codes from the first page to the last page, this book uses a new writing style to show readers, especially college students, how to develop professional and practical database programs in Visual C# 2008 by using Visual Studio.NET 2008 Design Tools and Wizards related to ADO. NET 3.5 and to apply codes that are autogenerated by using Wizards. By using this new style, the headaches caused by using huge blocks of programming code can be eliminated. Instead, a simple and easy way to create database programs using the design tools can be developed to enable students to build professional and practical database programs in more efficient and interesting ways. There are many different database programming books available on the market. However, rarely do you find a book like this one that implements a novel writing style to attract students interested in this topic. To meet the needs of some experienced or advanced students or software engineers, the book contains two programming Practical Database Programming With Visual C#.NET, by Ying Bai Copyright 2010 the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 1

30 2 Chapter 1 Introduction methods: the fundamental database programming method Visual Studio.NET 2008 Design Tools and Wizards and an advanced database programming method the runtime objects method. In the second method, all database - related objects are created and applied during or when your project is running by utilizing quite few blocks of code. OUTSTANDING FEATURES OF THE BOOK 1. A novel writing style is adopted to try to attract students and beginning programmers interestings in learning and developing practical database programs, and to avoid the headaches caused by using huge blocks of code in the traditional database programming books. 2. Covers both fundamental and advanced database programming techniques for both beginning and experienced students as well as programmers. 3. Three types of popular databases are covered and discussed in detail with practical examples: Microsoft Access 2007, SQL Server 2005 Express SP2, and Oracle Database 10 g Express Edition Release 2. Unlike traditional database programming books, in which some classical commercial databases such as Northwind are used, three customer - built databases, CSE_DEPT.accdb, CSE_DEPT.mdf, and the Oracle version of CSE_DEPT, are created and implemented in all sample projects throughout the whole book. 4. The new database query technique, LINQ API, which includes LINQ to Objects, LINQ to DataSet, LINQ to SQL, LINQ to Entities, and LINQ to XML, is discussed, analyzed, and implemented in actual projects with line-by-line explanations. 5. The various actual data providers are discussed and implemented in the sample projects, such as the SQL Server and Oracle data providers. Instead of using the OleDb to access the SQL Server or Oracle databases, the real SQL Server and Oracle data providers are utilized to connect to the Visual C#.NET 2008 directly to perform data operations. 6. More than 60 real sample database programming projects are covered with detailed illustrations and explanations to help students understand key techniques and programming technologies. 7. Homework and selected solutions are provided for each chapter to strengthen and improve student learning and understanding. 8. PowerPoint teaching slides are also provided to help instructors in teaching and organizing their classes. 9. It is a good textbook for college students and a good reference book for programmers, software engineers, and academic researchers. TARGET AUDIENCE This book is designed for college students and software programmers who want to develop practical and commercial database programming with Visual C#.NET 2008 and relational databases such as Microsoft Access, SQL Server 2005, and Oracle Database 10 g XE. Fundamental knowledge and understanding of Visual C#.NET and Visual Studio.NET IDE is assumed.