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1 Customizing and Upgrading Linux Second Edition Linda McKinnon Al McKinnon Gearhead Press Wiley Computer Publishing John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

3 Customizing and Upgrading Linux

5 Customizing and Upgrading Linux Second Edition Linda McKinnon Al McKinnon Gearhead Press Wiley Computer Publishing John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

6 Publisher: Robert Ipsen Editor: Ben Ryan Consulting Editor: Donis Marshall Managing Editor: Angela Smith Text Design & Composition: D&G Limited, LLC Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. In all instances where John Wiley & Sons, Inc., is aware of a claim, the product names appear in initial capital or ALL CAPITAL LETTERS. Readers, however, should contact the appropriate companies for more complete information regarding trademarks and registration. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright 2002 by Linda McKinnon and Al McKinnon. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) , fax (978) Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY , (212) , fax (212) , WILEY.COM. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. The Gearhead Press trademark is the exclusive property of Gearhead Group Corporation. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: ISBN: X Printed in the United States of America

7 A Note from Gearhead Press Gearhead Press is dedicated to publishing technical books for experienced Information Technology professionals network engineers, developers, system administrators, and others who need to update their skills, learn how to use technology more effectively, or simply want a quality reference to the latest technology. Gearhead Press emerged from my experience with professional trainers of engineers and developers: people who truly understand first-hand the needs of working professionals. Gearhead Press authors are the crème de la crème of industry trainers, working at the companies that define the technology revolution. For this reason, Gearhead Press authors are regularly in the trenches with the developers and engineers who have changed the world through innovative products. Drawing from this experience in IT training, our books deliver superior technical content with a unique perspective that is based on real-world experience. Now, as an imprint of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Gearhead Press will continue to bring you, the reader, the level of quality that Wiley has delivered consistently for nearly 200 years. Thank you, Donis Marshall Founder, Gearhead Press Consulting Editor, Wiley Computer Publishing

9 Gearhead Press Books in Print (For complete information about current and upcoming titles, go to Books in the Gearhead Press Point to Point Series Migrating to Microsoft Exchange 2000 by Stan Reimer ISBN Installing and Configuring Web Servers Using Apache by Melanie Hoag ISBN VoiceXML: 10 Projects to Voice Enable Your Website by Mark Miller ISBN Books in the Gearhead Press In the Trenches Series Windows 2000 Automated Deployment by Ted Malone and Rolly Perraux ISBN X Robust Linux: Assuring High Availability by Iain Campbell ISBN Programming Directory Services for Windows 2000 by Donis Marshall ISBN Programming ADO.NET by Richard Hundhausen and Steven Borg ISBN Designing.NET Web Services Using ADO.NET and XML by Richard Hundhausen and Steven Borg ISBN Wireless and Mobile Development for Microsoft.NET Platforms by Steve Juntunen ISBN

10 Making Win32 Applications Mobile: Porting to Windows CE by Nancy Nicolaisen ISBN Programming Windows CE Wireless Applications by Barry Shilmover and Derek Ball ISBN

11 Contents Acknowledgments About the Authors Introduction xiii xv xvii Chapter 1 Preparing for Installation: Chronicling Your Equipment 1 Do Not Be Afraid; Just Do Your Homework 1 What Type of System Do You Have? 2 Discovering and Chronicling Your System s Equipment 4 Chapter 2 Hard Disk Partition Planning and Preparation 7 Swap Space Options 7 How Much Swap Space Is Required? 9 Hard Disk Partitioning 11 Master Boot Record and the Partition Table 14 The Boot Process 14 Linux and LILO 16 ix

12 x Contents Disk Partitioning: A Simple Approach 21 Disk Partitioning: A Complex Approach 26 Chapter 3 Installing Linux from a CD-ROM 35 Initiating a Linux Installation 36 Creating the Install Boot Disk from a DOS/Windows System 37 Creating the Install Boot Disk from a UNIX System 38 Invoking the Linux Installation Program 40 Entering Information in the Installation Program 41 Installing Linux on an IDE System 42 Stepping through the Installation 44 Installing Linux on a SCSI System 68 Reconfiguring the System 101 Chapter 4 Installing Linux by Using NFS 103 Quick Review of Configuration 104 NFS Configuration Details 105 Preparing the NFS Server 105 Preparing the NFS Client 109 Typical NFS File Sharing 112 NFS Solution for Windows 119 Set Up the NFS Server 120 Set Up the NFS Client 121 Chapter 5 Configuring the Video 125 Video Signal Generation 125 Video-Adapter Memory 126 Basic Video-Adapter Bus 128 Video Display 132 Basic Monitor Design 132 Video Frame and Synchronization 134 How HSPs and VSPs Are Related 136 Monitor Performance and Capabilities 139 Monitor Age 141 Bandwidth 141 Vertical Frequency 144

13 Contents xi Horizontal Frequency 144 Dot Pitch 144 Interlacing 147 Getting Ready for Video Configuration 149 The XF86Config File: Heart of the X Server 150 Using SuperProbe to Obtain Video Information 151 Using Xconfigurator to Create the Basic XF86Config File 153 Example Configuration 154 How to Install X from Scratch 167 Chapter 6 Configuring Printers 173 Basic Commands and Utilities 173 Configuring Local Printing 177 Technical Printing Details 185 Configuring Remote Printing 186 Prerequisites 186 Chapter 7 Adding, Replacing, and Upgrading RPM Packages 195 RPM Definition and Package Management 196 RPM Naming Convention 197 SRPM versus RPM 197 Determining A Package s Function and Contents 197 Applying Maintenance or Updating a Newly Installed System 200 Replacing and Upgrading the XFree86 Package 205 Using Packages to Install XF86Setup 209 Tutorial 210 Chapter 8 Upgrading the Kernel by Using RPM Packages 213 Why Upgrade or Patch the Kernel? 214 A Typical Security Advisory 214 Suggested Upgrade Procedure for Red Hat V7.X 215 A Quick Guide for RedHat V6.X RPM Upgrade 224 Chapter 9 Configuring the Kernel 229 Linux Kernel Configuration Menu 230 Code Maturity Level Options 231 Processor Types and Features 232

14 xii Contents Loadable Module Support 233 General Setup 235 Plug and Play Support Option 237 Block Devices 237 Networking Options 240 Network Device Support 242 SCSI Support 244 Filesystems 247 Save and Exit 247 Chapter 10 Installing a New Kernel by Building a New Source Tree 249 Modules 250 The Modules Concept: How They Work 250 Finding a New Kernel 256 Installing a New Kernel 256 Index 275

15 Acknowledgments I have many to thank. First and foremost, thanks to Linda for the inspiration to write this book. Thanks to the many, many Linux developers all over the world. What a lesson in international cooperation we have all learned from you. Thanks also to all our colleagues and to all the students we have met over the past few years who expressed the need for a progressive introduction to Linux and also for a book they could refer to when they need it. We also thank the reviewers and readers of the first edition of this book, who made the thoughtful comments and suggestions that led to this new and improved version. And thanks to the editors at Gearhead and Wiley, whose questions and comments kept us on our toes and made us account for all the ideas, claims, and instructions found herein. Thanks to Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra ( ) whose Don Quixote of La Mancha was the inspiration for the characters you will meet in this book. If you have not read Don Quixote and (especially) if your spirits need a lift, we wholeheartedly recommend it. Finally, as sentimental as it sounds, we still remember our beloved old dog Keeler, who spent her last few months watching us pound out and mouse click our way through the first edition. Her ghost lingers over this edition, too. xiii

Linux Command Line and Shell Scripting Bible

Linux Command Line and Shell Scripting Bible Richard Blum Wiley Publishing, Inc. Linux Command Line and Shell Scripting Bible Linux Command Line and Shell Scripting Bible Richard Blum Wiley Publishing,