Manuscript Title: with Forced Linebreak

Transcription

1 AP/123-QED Manuscript Title: with Forced Linereak Ann Author and econd Author y Authors institution and/or address This line reak forced with \\ Charlie Author z econd institution and/or address This line reak forced (Dated: January 10, 2007) An article usually includes an astract, a concise summary of the work covered at length in the main ody of the article. It is used for secondary pulications and for information retrieval purposes. Valid PAC numers may e entered using the \pacs{#1} command. PAC numers: Valid PAC appear here I. FIRT-LEVEL HEADING: THE LINE BREAK WA FORCED via \\ This sample document demonstrates proper use of REVTEX 4 (and L A TEX 2") in mansucripts prepared for sumission to AP journals. Further information can e found in the REVTEX 4 documentation included in the distriution or availale at revtex4/. When commands are referred to in this example le, they are always shown with their required arguments, using normal TEX format. In this format, #1, #2, etc. stand for required author-supplied arguments to commands. For example, in \section{#1} the #1 stands for the title text of the author s section heading, and in \title{#1} the #1 stands for the title text of the paper. Line reaks in section headings at all levels can e introduced using \\. A lank input line tells TEX that the paragraph has ended. Note that top-level section headings are automatically uppercased. If a speci c letter or word should appear in lowercase instead, you must escape it using \lowercase{#1} as in the word via aove. A. econd-level heading: Formatting This le may e formatted in oth the preprint and twocolumn styles. twocolumn format may e used to mimic nal journal output. Either format may e used for sumission purposes; however, for peer review and production, AP will format the article using the preprint class option. Hence, it is essential that authors check that their manuscripts format acceptaly under preprint. Manuscripts sumitted to AP that do Also at Physics Department, XYZ University. y Electronic address: econd.author@institution.edu z URL: not format correctly under the preprint option may e delayed in oth the editorial and production processes. The widetext environment will make the text the width of the full page, as on page 3. (Note the use the \pageref{#1} to get the page numer right automatically.) The width-changing commands only take e ect in twocolumn formatting. It has no e ect if preprint formatting is chosen instead. 1. Third-level heading: References and Footnotes Reference citations in text use the commands \cite{#1} or \onlinecite{#1}. #1 may contain letters and numers. The reference itself is speci ed y a \iitem{#1} command with the same argument as the \cite{#1} command. \iitem{#1} commands may e crafted y hand or, preferaly, generated y using BiTEX. REVTEX 4 includes BiTEX style les apsrev.st and apsrmp.st appropriate for Physical Review and Reviews of Modern Physics, respectively. REVTEX 4 will automatically choose the style appropriate for the journal speci ed in the document class options. This sample le demonstrates the asic use of BiTEX through the use of \iliography command which references the assamp.i le. Running BiTEX (typically itex apssamp) after the rst pass of L A TEX produces the le apssamp.l which contains the automatically formatted \iitem commands (including extra markup information via \iinfo commands). If not using BiTEX, the theiiliography environment should e used instead. To cite iliography entries, use the \cite{#1} command. Most journal styles will display the corresponding numer(s) in square rackets: [1, 2]. To avoid the square rackets, use \onlinecite{#1}: Refs. 1 and 2. REVTEX collapses lists of consecutive reference numers where possile. We now cite everyone together [1 3], and once again (Refs. 1 3). Note that the references were also sorted into the correct numerical order as well.

2 2 When the pr class option is used, the \cite{#1} command displays the reference s numer as a superscript rather than using square rackets. Note that the location of the \cite{#1} command should e adjusted for the reference style: the superscript references in pr style must appear after punctuation; otherwise the reference must appear efore any punctuation. This sample was written for the regular (non-pr) citation style. The command \onlinecite{#1} in the pr style also displays the reference on the aseline. Footnotes are produced using the \footnote{#1} command. Most AP journal styles put footnotes into the iliography. REVTEX 4 does this as well, ut instead of interleaving the footnotes with the references, they are listed at the end of the references[? ]. Because the correct numering of the footnotes must occur after the numering of the references, an extra pass of L A TEX is required in order to get the numering correct. II. MATH AND EQUATION Inline math may e typeset using the $ delimiters. Bold math symols may e achieved using the m package and the \m{#1} command it supplies. For instance, a old can e typeset as $\m{\alpha}$ giving. Fraktur and Blackoard (or open face or doule struck) characters should e typeset using the \mathfrak{#1} and \math{#1} commands respectively. Both are supplied y the amssym package. For example, $\math{r}$ gives R and $\mathfrak{g}$ gives G In L A TEX there are many di erent ways to display equations, and a few preferred ways are noted elow. Displayed math will center y default. Use the class option fleqn to ush equations left. Below we have numered single-line equations; this is the most common type of equation in Physical Review: 1=2 jpj + pz + (p). [2jpj(jpj + p z )] ; (1) px + ip y ac P a A 2 : (2) Note the open one in Eq. (2). Not all numered equations will t within a narrow column this way. The equation numer will move down automatically if it cannot t on the same line with a one-line equation: a ac123456acdef P a A 2 : (3) When the \lael{#1} command is used [cf. input for Eq. (2)], the equation can e referred to in text without knowing the equation numer that TEX will assign to it. Just use \ref{#1}, where #1 is the same name that used in the \lael{#1} command. Unnumered single-line equations can e typeset using the \[, \] format: g + g +! g + g + g + g + : : : ; q + q +! q + g + g + : : : : A. Multiline equations Multiline equations are otained y using the eqnarray environment. Use the \nonumer command at the end of each line to avoid assigning a numer: M = ig 2 Z(4E 1 E 2 ) 1=2 (l 2 i ) 1 1; 2 (g e 2 ) 2 2 (p 2 ) [ j l i i ] 1 1 (p 1 ); (4) X jm viol g j 2 = g 2n 4 (Q 2 ) N n 2 (N 2 1) 0 X A X 1 1 X c f : (5) i<j perm Note: Do not use \lael{#1} on a line of a multiline equation if \nonumer is also used on that line. Incorrect cross-referencing will result. Notice the use \text{#1} for using a Roman font within a math environment. To set a multiline equation without any equation numers, use the \egin{eqnarray*}, \end{eqnarray*} format: X jm viol g j 2 = g 2n 4 (Q 2 ) N n 2 (N 2 1) 0 X A X! 1 1 : i<j perm n1 12 To otain numers not normally produced y the automatic numering, use the \tag{#1} command, where #1 is the desired equation numer. For example, to get an equation numer of (2.60), g + g +! g + g + g + g + : : : ; q + q +! q + g + g + : : : : (2.60) A few notes on \tag{#1}. \tag{#1} requires amsmath. The \tag{#1} must come efore the \lael{#1}, if any. The numering set with \tag{#1} is transparent to the automatic numering in REVTEX; therefore, the numer must e known ahead of time, and it must e manually adjusted if other equations are added. \tag{#1} works with oth single-line and multiline equations. \tag{#1} should only e used in exceptional case - do not use it to numer all equations in a paper. Enclosing single-line and multiline equations in \egin{suequations} and \end{suequations} will produce a set of equations that are numered with letters, as shown in Eqs. (6a) and (6) elow: ac123456acdef P a A 2 ; (6a)

3 3 M = ig 2 Z(4E 1 E 2 ) 1=2 (l 2 i ) 1 (g e 2 ) 2 2 (p 2 ) [ i ] 1 1 (p 1 ): (6) 1. Wide equations Putting a \lael{#1} command right after the \egin{suequations}, allows one to reference all the equations in a suequations environment. For example, the equations in the preceding suequations environment were Eqs. (6). The equation that follows is set in a wide format, i.e., it spans across the full page. The wide format is reserved for long equations that cannot e easily roken into four lines or less: R (d) = g e 2 [ Z (3; 21)] 1 Q 2 12 M 2 W + [ Z (13; 2)] 1 Q 2 13 M 2 W + x W Q e [ (3; 21)] 1 Q 2 12 M 2 W + [ (13; 2)] 1 Q 2 13 M 2 W : (7) This is typed to show the output is in wide format. (ince there is no input line etween \equation and this paragraph, there is no paragraph indent for this paragraph.) III. CRO-REFERENCING Test Figure REVTEX will automatically numer sections, equations, gure captions, and tales. In order to reference them in text, use the \lael{#1} and \ref{#1} commands. To reference a particular page, use the \pageref{#1} command. The \lael{#1} should appear in a section heading, within an equation, or in a tale or gure caption. The \ref{#1} command is used in the text where the citation is to e displayed. ome examples: ection I on page 1, Tale I, and Fig. 1. IV. FIGURE AND TABLE Figures and tales are typically oats which means that their nal position is determined y L A TEX while the document is eing typeset. L A TEX isn t always successful in placing oats optimally. Figures may e inserted y using either the graphics or graphix packages. These packages oth de ne the \includegraphics{#1} command, ut they di er in how optional arguments for specifying the orientation, scaling, and translation of the gure. Fig. 1 shows a gure that is small enough to t in a single column. It is emedded using the figure environment which provides oth the caption and the imports the gure le. Fig. 2 is a gure that is too wide for a single column, so instead the figure* environment has een used. The heart of any tale is the taular environment which gives the rows of the tales. Each row consists of column entries separated y & s and terminates with nn. The required argument for the taular environment speci es how data are displayed in the columns. For FIG. 1: A gure caption. The gure captions are automatically numered. instance, entries may e centered, left-justi ed, rightjusti ed, aligned on a decimal point. Extra columnspacing may e e speci ed as well, although REVTEX 4 sets this spacing so that the columns ll the width of the tale. Horizontal rules are typeset using the \hline command. The douled (or cotch) rules that appear at the top and ottom of a tale can e achieved enclosing the taular environment within a ruledtaular environment. Rows whose columns span multiple columns can e typeset using the \multicolumn{#1}{#2}{#3} command (for example, see the rst row of Tale III). Tales I-IV show various e ects. Tales that t in a narrow column are contained in a tale environment. Tale III is a wide tale set with the tale* environment. Long tales may need to reak across pages. The most straightforward way to accomplish this is to specify the [H] oat placement on the tale or tale* environment. However, the standard L A TEX 2" package longtale will give more control over how tales reak and will allow headers and footers to e speci ed for each page of the tale. A simple example of the use of longtale can e found in the le summary.tex that is included with the REVTEX 4 distriution. There are two methods for setting footnotes within a tale (these footnotes will e displayed directly elow the

4 4 Wide Test Figure FIG. 2: Use the gure* environment to get a wide gure that spans the page in twocolumn formatting. TABLE I: This is a narrow tale which ts into a narrow column when using twocolumn formatting. Note that REVTEX 4 adjusts the intercolumn spacing so that the tale lls the entire width of the column. Tale captions are numered automatically. This tale illustrates left-aligned, centered, and right-aligned columns. Left a Centered Right a Note a. Note. tale rather than at the ottom of the page or in the iliography). The easiest and preferred method is just to use the \footnote{#1} command. This will automatically enumerate the footnotes with lowercase roman letters. However, it is sometimes necessary to have multiple entries in the tale share the same footnote. In this case, there is no choice ut to manually create the footnotes using \footnotemark[#1] and \footnotetext[#1]{#2}. #1 is a numeric value. Each time the same value for #1 is used, the same mark is produced in the tale. The \footnotetext[#1]{#2} commands are placed after the taular environment. Examine the L A TEX source and output for Tales I and II for examples. Physical Review style requires that the initial citation of gures or tales e in numerical order in text, so don t cite Fig. 2 until Fig. 1 has een cited. Acknowledgments We wish to acknowledge the support of the author community in using REVTEX, o ering suggestions and encouragement, testing new versions,.... APPENDIX A: APPENDIXE To start the appendixes, use the \appendix command. This signals that all following section commands refer to appendixes instead of regular sections. Therefore, the \appendix command should e used only once to setup the section commands to act as appendixes. Thereafter TABLE II: A tale with more columns still ts properly in a column. Note that several entries share the same footnote. Inspect the L A TEX input for this tale to see exactly how it is done. r c (Å) r 0 (Å) r 0 r c (Å) r 0 (Å) r 0 Cu n a Ag P Au Ca c Mg r d Zn Li Cd Na e Hg K e Al R c Ga Cs d In Ba e Tl a Here s the rst, from Ref. 1. Here s the second. c Here s the third. d Here s the fourth. e And etc. normal section commands are used. The heading for a section can e left empty. For example, \appendix \section{} will produce an appendix heading that says APPENDIX A and \appendix \section{background} will produce an appendix heading that says APPENDIX A: BACKGROUND (note that the colon is set automatically). If there is only one appendix, then the letter A should not appear. This is suppressed y using the star version of the appendix command (\appendix* in the place of \appendix). APPENDIX B: A LITTLE MORE ON APPENDIXE Oserve that this appendix was started y using \section{a little more on appendixes}

5 5 TABLE III: This is a wide tale that spans the page width in twocolumn mode. It is formatted using the tale* environment. It also demonstates the use of \multicolumn in rows with entries that span more than one column. D 1 4h Ion 1st alternative 2nd alternative lst alternative 2nd alternative K (2e) + (2f) (4i) (2c) + (2d) (4f) Mn (2g) a (a) + () + (c) + (d) (4e) (2a) + (2) Cl (a) + () + (c) + (d) (2g) a (4e) a He (8r) a (4j) a (4g) a Ag (4k) a (4h) a a The z parameter of these positions is z 1 4. D 5 4h TABLE IV: Numers in columns Three Five have een aligned y using the d column speci er (requires the dcolumn package). Non-numeric entries (those entries without a. ) in a d column are aligned on the decimal point. Use the D speci er for more complex layouts. One Two Three Four Five one two three four ve He 2 2: : 0:69 C a C 12537:64 37: :37 a ome tales require footnotes. ome tales need more than one footnote. Note the equation numer in an appendix: 1. A susection in an appendix You can use a susection or sususection in an appendix. Note the numering: we are now in Appendix B 1. Note the equation numers in this appendix, produced with the suequations environment: E = mc; E = mc 2 ; E & mc 3 : They turn out to e Eqs. (B2a), (B2), and (B2c). (B2a) (B2) (B2c) E = mc 2 : (B1) [1] R. P. Feynman, Phys. Rev. 94, 262 (1954). [2] E. Witten, hep-th/ [3] A. Einstein, B. Podolsky, and N.Rosen, Phys. Rev. 47, 777 (1935). [] This may e improved in future versions of REVTEX.