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1 Manuscript Title: with Forced Linereak Ann Author Authors institution and/or address (Dated: Octoer 16, 2016) An article usually includes an astract, a concise summary of the work covered at length in the main ody of the article. For us, astracts will e limited to 100 words. Not 105. Blah, lah, lah, lah, lah, lah, lah, lah, lah, lah. I. FIRT-LEVEL HEADING This sample document demonstrates the use of REVTEX 4.1 (and L A TEX 2ε) in manuscripts prepared for sumission to AP journals. Further information can e found in the REVTEX 4.1 documentation included in the distriution or availale at org/revtex4/. ee also [1]. dw has simplified several aspects of this document, ut it still illustrates pretty much everything you would ever want to do in a document. When commands are referred to in this example file, they are always shown with their required arguments, using normal TEX format. In this format, #1, #2, etc. stand for required author-supplied arguments to commands. For example, in \section{#1} the #1 stands for the title text of the author s section heading, and in \title{#1} the #1 stands for the title text of the paper. Line reaks in section headings at all levels can e introduced using \\. A lank input line tells TEX that the paragraph has ended. Note that top-level section headings are automatically uppercased. If a specific letter or word should appear in lowercase instead, you must escape it using \lowercase{stuff}. Even though this is a REVTEXdocument, it is good to rememer the ultimate source of L A TEXstuff is at CTAN[2]. A. econd-level heading: Formatting This file may e formatted in either the preprint or reprint style. reprint format mimics final journal output. Either format may e used for sumission purposes. letter sized paper should e used when sumitting to AP journals. 1. Wide text (A level-3 head) The widetext environment will make the text the width of the full page, as on page 3. (Note the use the \pageref{#1} command to refer to the page numer.) a. Note (Fourth-level head is run in) The widthchanging commands only take effect in two-column formatting. There is no effect if text is in a single column. B. Citations and References A citation in text uses the command \cite{#1} or \onlinecite{#1} and refers to an entry in the iliography. An entry in the iliography is a reference to another document. 1. Citations dw has altered things here, making the references, citations and iliography stuff somewhat less versatile, ut easier to do, especially on multiple installations of L A TEX. Ultimately you will proaly use the more sophisticated nati stuff descried elow. But in this document I have reverted to the simpler, self-contained reference method. Look at the end of oth the pdf and the.tex documents, and see how you put in the reference material in the.tex file, and how it is used and shows up in the pdf. ee also [5]. Because REVTEX uses the nati package of Patrick Daly, the entire repertoire of commands in that package are availale for your document; see the nati documentation for further details. Please note that REVTEX requires version 8.31a or later of nati. There are two kinds of citations/references. In one place in the document you may want to refer to another place in the document. It is common to refer to an equation, which is numered. For example, go look at Eqn. 1. We can think of this as an internal reference. Alternatively, you may want to refer the reader to an external source, for example an article in a journal. This is an external reference. Using each is very similar. You need to specify a lael, and then refer to it y that lael. The typesetting process takes care of the detailsnumering equations, references, etc.

2 2 2. Example citations Here I give simple examples of each use. First, I will insert an equation. y = mx + (1) This is the standard slope-intercept form of a line. o later in the text you can refer to this equation, without knowing its equation numer, ecause you do know its lael (the name you gave it). The slope-intercept form of a line is given y Eqn. 1. Now suppose I want to mention some work done y someone else, and they have pulished it in a journal. Ferd Berwick first investigated the flux capacitor in His results [3] are interesting for any physics student. You can also refer the reader to a specific section of this article, this is cross referencing. ection III on page 3 is a susequent section on Cross Referencing. Look at the L A TEXsource code to see how I did this without knowing what page the referenced section would end up on, and it automatically gets updated in the typesetting process if I edit the document and the section ends up on another page. II. MATH AND EQUATION Inline math may e typeset using the $ delimiters. Bold math symols may e achieved using the m package and the \m{#1} command it supplies. For instance, a old α can e typeset as $\m{\alpha}$ giving α. Fraktur and Blackoard (or open face or doule struck) characters should e typeset using the \mathfrak{#1} and \math{#1} commands respectively. Both are supplied y the amssym package. For example, $\math{r}$ gives R and $\mathfrak{g}$ gives G In L A TEX there are many different ways to display equations, and a few preferred ways are noted elow. Displayed math will center y default. Use the class option fleqn to flush equations left. Below we have numered single-line equations; this is the most common type of equation in Physical Review: ( ) χ + (p) [2 p ( p + p z )] 1/2 p + pz, (2) px + ip y { ac123αβγδ αβ 1 a } A 2. (3) Note the open one in Eq. (3). Not all numered equations will fit within a narrow column this way. The equation numer will move down automatically if it cannot fit on the same line with a one-line equation: {a ac123456acdefαβγδ αβ 1 a A 2 }. (4) When the \lael{#1} command is used [cf. input for Eq. (3)], the equation can e referred to in text without knowing the equation numer that TEX will assign to it. Just use \ref{#1}, where #1 is the same name that used in the \lael{#1} command. Unnumered single-line equations can e typeset using the \[, \] format: g + g + g + g + g + g +..., q + q + q + g + g A. Multiline equations Multiline equations are otained y using the eqnarray environment. Use the \nonumer command at the end of each line to avoid assigning a numer: M =ig 2 Z(4E 1 E 2 ) 1/2 (l 2 i ) 1 δ σ1, σ 2 (g e σ 2 ) 2 χ σ2 (p 2 ) [ɛ j l i ɛ i ] σ1 χ σ1 (p 1 ), (5) M viol g 2 = g 2n 4 (Q 2 ) N n 2 (N 2 1) 1 1 c f τ. (6) i<j perm τ Note: Do not use \lael{#1} on a line of a multiline equation if \nonumer is also used on that line. Incorrect cross-referencing will result. Notice the use \text{#1} for using a Roman font within a math environment. To set a multiline equation without any equation numers, use the \egin{eqnarray*}, \end{eqnarray*} format: M viol g 2 = g 2n 4 (Q 2 ) N n 2 (N 2 1) ( ) 1 i<j perm n To otain numers not normally produced y the automatic numering, use the \tag{#1} command, where #1 is the desired equation numer. For example, to get an equation numer of (2.6 ), g + g + g + g + g + g +..., q + q + q + g + g (2.6 ) a. A few notes on tags \tag{#1} requires the amsmath package. Place the \tag{#1} command efore the \lael{#1}, if any. The numering produced y \tag{#1} does not affect the automatic numering in REVTEX; therefore, the numer must e known ahead of time, and it must e manually adjusted if other equations are added. \tag{#1} works with oth single-line and multiline equations. \tag{#1} should only e used in exceptional cases do not use it to numer many equations in your paper. Please note that this feature of the

3 amsmath package is not compatile with the hyperref (6.77u) package. Enclosing display math within \egin{suequations} and \end{suequations} will produce a set of equations that are laeled with letters, as shown in Eqs. (7) and (7a) elow. You may include any numer of single-line and multiline equations, although it is proaly not a good idea to follow one display math directly after another. {ac123456acdefαβγδ αβ 1 a } A 2, (7) Giving a \lael{#1} command directly after the \egin{suequations}, allows you to reference all the equations in the suequations environment. For example, the equations in the preceding suequations environment were Eqs. (7). 1. Wide equations 3 M =ig 2 Z(4E 1 E 2 ) 1/2 (l 2 i ) 1 (g e σ 2 ) 2 χ σ2 (p 2 ) [ɛ i ] σ1 χ σ1 (p 1 ). (7a) The equation that follows is set in a wide format, i.e., it spans the full page. The wide format is reserved for long equations that cannot easily e set in a single column: R (d) = g e σ 2 ( [Γ Z (3, 21)] σ1 Q 2 12 M 2 W + [ΓZ (13, 2)] σ1 Q 2 13 M 2 W ) ( [Γ γ ) (3, 21)] σ1 + x W Q e Q 2 12 M W 2 + [Γγ (13, 2)] σ1 Q 2 13 M W 2. (8) This is typed to show how the output appears in wide format. (Incidentally, since there is no lank line etween the equation environment aove and the start of this paragraph, this paragraph is not indented.) III. CRO-REFERENCING REVTEX will automatically numer such things as sections, footnotes, equations, figure captions, and tale captions. In order to reference them in text, use the \lael{#1} and \ref{#1} commands. To reference a particular page, use the \pageref{#1} command. The \lael{#1} should appear within the section heading, within the footnote text, within the equation, or within the tale or figure caption. The \ref{#1} command is used in text at the point where the reference is to e displayed. ome examples: ection I on page 1, Tale I, and Fig. 1. TABLE I. A tale that fits into a single column of a twocolumn layout. Note that REVTEX 4 adjusts the intercolumn spacing so that the tale fills the entire width of the column. Tale captions are numered automatically. This tale illustrates left-, center-, decimal- and right-aligned columns, along with the use of the ruledtaular environment which sets the cotch (doule) rules aove and elow the alignment, per AP style. Left a Centered Decimal Right a Note a. Note. IV. FLOAT: FIGURE, TABLE, VIDEO, ETC. Figures and tales are usually allowed to float, which means that their placement is determined y L A TEX, while the document is eing typeset. Use the figure environment for a figure, the tale environment for a tale. In each case, use the \caption command within to give the text of the figure or tale caption along with the \lael command to provide a key for referring to this figure or tale. The typical content of a figure is an image of some kind; that of a tale is an alignment. Insert an image using either the graphics or graphix packages, which define the \includegraphics{#1} command. (The two packages differ in respect of the optional arguments used to specify the orientation, scaling, and translation of the image.) To create an alignment, use the taular environment. The est place to locate the figure or tale environment is immediately following its first reference in text; this sample document illustrates this practice for Fig. 1, Test Figure FIG. 1. A figure caption. The figure captions are automatically numered.

4 4 Wide Test Figure FIG. 2. Use the figure* environment to get a wide figure that spans the page in twocolumn formatting. TABLE II. This is a wide tale that spans the full page width in a two-column layout. It is formatted using the tale* environment. It also demonstates the use of \multicolumn in rows with entries that span more than one column. D 1 4h Ion 1st alternative 2nd alternative lst alternative 2nd alternative K (2e) + (2f) (4i) (2c) + (2d) (4f) Mn (2g) a (a) + () + (c) + (d) (4e) (2a) + (2) Cl (a) + () + (c) + (d) (2g) a (4e) a He (8r) a (4j) a (4g) a Ag (4k) a (4h) a a The z parameter of these positions is z 1 4. D 5 4h which shows a figure that is small enough to fit in a single column. In exceptional cases, you will need to move the float earlier in the document, as was done with Tale II: L A TEX s float placement algorithms need to know aout a full-page-width float earlier. Fig. 2 has content that is too wide for a single column, so the figure* environment has een used. The content of a tale is typically a taular environment, giving rows of type in aligned columns. Column entries separated y & s, and each row ends with \\. The required argument for the taular environment specifies how data are aligned in the columns. For instance, entries may e centered, left-justified, right-justified, aligned on a decimal point. Extra column-spacing may e e specified as well, although REVTEX 4 sets this spacing so that the columns fill the width of the tale. Horizontal rules are typeset using the \hline command. The douled (or cotch) rules that appear at the top and ottom of a tale can e achieved enclosing the taular environment within a ruledtaular environment. Rows whose TABLE III. Numers in columns Three Five are aligned with the d column specifier (requires the dcolumn package). Nonnumeric entries (those entries without a. ) in a d column are aligned on the decimal point. Use the D specifier for more complex layouts. One Two Three Four Five one two three four five He C a C a ome tales require footnotes. ome tales need more than one footnote. columns span multiple columns can e typeset using the \multicolumn{#1}{#2}{#3} command (for example, see the first row of Tale II). Tales I, II, III, and IV show various effects. A tale that fits in a single column employs the tale environment. Tale II is a wide tale, set with the tale* environment. Long tales may need to reak across pages. The most straightforward way to accomplish this is to specify the [H] float placement on the tale or tale* environment. However, the L A TEX 2ε package longtale allows headers and footers to e specified for each page of the tale. A simple example of the use of longtale can TABLE IV. A tale with numerous columns that still fits into a single column. Here, several entries share the same footnote. Inspect the L A TEX input for this tale to see exactly how it is done. r c (Å) r 0 (Å) κr 0 r c (Å) r 0 (Å) κr 0 Cu n a Ag P Au Ca c Mg r d Zn Li Cd Na e Hg K e Al R c Ga Cs d In Ba e Tl a Here s the first, from Ref.?. Here s the second. c Here s the third. d Here s the fourth. e And etc.

5 5 e found in the file summary.tex that is included with the REVTEX 4 distriution. There are two methods for setting footnotes within a tale (these footnotes will e displayed directly elow the tale rather than at the ottom of the page or in the iliography). The easiest and preferred method is just to use the \footnote{#1} command. This will automatically enumerate the footnotes with lowercase roman letters. However, it is sometimes necessary to have multiple entries in the tale share the same footnote. In this case, there is no choice ut to manually create the footnotes using \footnotemark[#1] and \footnotetext[#1]{#2}. #1 is a numeric value. Each time the same value for #1 is used, the same mark is produced in the tale. The \footnotetext[#1]{#2} commands are placed after the taular environment. Examine the L A TEX source and output for Tales I and IV for examples. Physical Review style requires that the initial citation of figures or tales e in numerical order in text, so don t cite Fig. 2 until Fig. 1 has een cited. ACKNOWLEDGMENT We wish to acknowledge the support of the author community in using REVTEX, offering suggestions and encouragement, testing new versions,.... [1] ReVTEX 4 Home Page at the American Physical ociety, [2] The Comprehensive TEX Archive Network, catalogue.html [3] Ferd Berwick, Capacitive Energy torage, First edition, Fooar Press, IBN [4] AATEX 52 page at [5] Jeff Wragg, My Life in China, p. 27, hanghai Press, 2014 Appendix A: Appendices The \appendix command signals that all following sections are appendices, so \section{title text} after \appendix will set {title text} as an appendix heading (an empty {title text} is permitted). For a single appendix, use a \appendix* followed y \section{title text} command to suppress the appendix letter in the section heading. Appendix B: tatistical Methods What statistical things did you do? What was calculated? How? Appendix C: Computational Tools What tools did you use, and what did you use them for?