Streaming Video over the Internet. Dr. Dapeng Wu University of Florida Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
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1 Streaming Video over the Internet Dr. Dapeng Wu University of Florida Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
2 What is Streaming Video? Download mode: no delay bound Streaming mode: delay bound Access SW Receiver 1 Domain B Domain A Data path Access SW Internet Domain C Access SW Source cnn.com RealPlayer Receiver 2 2
3 Outline Challenges for quality video transport An architecture for video streaming Video compression Application-layer QoS control Continuous media distribution services Streaming server Media synchronization mechanisms Protocols for streaming media Summary 3
4 Time-varying Available Bandwidth No bandwidth reservation Access SW Receiver Domain B R>=56 kb/s Access SW Domain A 56 kb/s Source Data path cnn.com R<56 kb/s RealPlayer 4
5 Time-varying Delay Receiver Domain B Access SW RealPlayer Domain A Data path Delayed packets regarded as lost Access SW 56 kb/s Source cnn.com 5
6 Effect of Packet Loss Receiver No packet loss Access SW Domain B Domain A Data path Access SW Loss of packets No retransmission Source 6
7 Unicast vs. Multicast Unicast Multicast Pros and cons? 7
8 Heterogeneity For Multicast Network heterogeneity Receiver heterogeneity Domain B 256 kb/s Access SW Receiver 2 What Quality? Domain A Access SW Ethernet 1 Mb/s Source Receiver 1 Domain C Internet What Quality? 64 kb/s Gateway Telephone networks Receiver 3 8
9 Outline Challenges for quality video transport An architecture for video streaming Video compression Application-layer QoS control Continuous media distribution services Streaming server Media synchronization mechanisms Protocols for streaming media Summary 9
10 Architecture for Video Streaming 10
11 Video Compression Layered Coder Layer 0 64 kb/s D Layer 1 Layer kb/s 1 Mb/s D D Layered video encoding/decoding. D denotes the decoder. 11
12 Application of Layered Video IP multicast 256 kb/s Access SW Receiver 2 Domain B Domain A Access SW Ethernet 1 Mb/s Source Receiver 1 Domain C Internet 64 kb/s Gateway Telephone networks Receiver 3 12
13 Application-layer QoS Control Congestion control (using rate control): Source-based, requires rate-adaptive compression or rate shaping Receiver-based Hybrid Error control: Forward error correction (FEC) Retransmission Error resilient compression Error concealment 13
14 Congestion Control Window-based vs. rate control (pros and cons?) Window-based control Rate control 14
15 Source-based Rate Control 15
16 Video Multicast How to extend source-based rate control to multicast? Limitation of source-based rate control in multicast Trade-off between bandwidth efficiency and service flexibility 16
17 Receiver-based Rate Control IP multicast for layered video Domain B 256 kb/s Access SW Receiver 2 Domain A Access SW Ethernet 1 Mb/s Source Receiver 1 Domain C Internet 64 kb/s Gateway Telephone networks Receiver 3 17
18 Error Control FEC Channel coding Source coding-based FEC Joint source/channel coding Delay-constrained retransmission Error resilient compression Error concealment 18
19 Channel Coding 19
20 Delay-constrained Retransmission 20
21 Outline Challenges for quality video transport An architecture for video streaming Video compression Application-layer QoS control Continuous media distribution services Streaming server Media synchronization mechanisms Protocols for streaming media Summary 21
22 22
23 Continuous Media Distribution Services Content replication (caching & mirroring) Network filtering/shaping/thinning Application-level multicast (overlay networks) 23
24 Caching What is caching? Why using caching? WWW means World Wide Wait? Pros and cons? 24
25 Outline Challenges for quality video transport An architecture for video streaming Video compression Application-layer QoS control Continuous media distribution services Streaming server Media synchronization mechanisms Protocols for streaming media Summary 25
26 Streaming Server Different from a web server Timing constraints Video-cassette-recorder (VCR) functions (e.g., fast forward/backward, random access, and pause/resume). Design of streaming servers Real-time operating system Special disk scheduling schemes 26
27 Media Synchronization Why media synchronization? Example: lip-synchronization (video/audio) 27
28 Protocols for Streaming Video Network-layer protocol: Internet Protocol (IP) Transport protocol: Lower layer: UDP & TCP Upper layer: Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) & Real-Time Control Protocol (RTCP) Session control protocol: Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP): RealPlayer Session Initiation Protocol (SIP): Microsoft Windows MediaPlayer; Internet telephony 28
29 Protocol Stacks 29
30 Summary Challenges for quality video transport Time-varying available bandwidth Time-varying delay Packet loss An architecture for video streaming Video compression Application-layer QoS control Continuous media distribution services Streaming server Media synchronization mechanisms Protocols for streaming media 30
31 Homework Reading assignment: Chap
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