Video Forensics: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

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1 An Agency Under MOSTI Video Forensics: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW Presented by: MOHD SHARIZUAN B MOHD OMAR Digital Forensics Analyst sharizuan@cybersecurity.my Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia

2 Content q Introduction q Definitions q Procedures q Tools q Case study q Training q Challenges q Conclusion Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 2

3 Introduction: The Reality of Video Forensic Too many people expect great stuff from the movies or CSI. Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 3

4 Introduction: Reality of Video Forensic Lesson from CSI: Crop, Zoom in and Resize technique can produce a CLEAR image of suspect. Picture 1 Picture 2 To prove that it is NOT ALWAYS that easy, we will study the following slides. Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 4

5 Introduction: Reality of Video Forensic To prove Crop, Zoom in and Resize technique can produce a CLEAR image of suspect. Picture 1 Picture 2 Picture 1 and 2 are taken using same camera with the same distance, but with different optical zooming. Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 5

6 Introduction: Reality of Video Forensic Result: Good visual image Source: Picture 1 Result after using Crop, Zoom in and Resize technique Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 6

7 Introduction: Reality of Video Forensic Result: Bad Visual image Source: Picture 2 Picture 1 Result after using Crop, Zoom in and Resize technique Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 7

8 Introduction: Reality of Video Forensic If source picture is bad, the result will be bad as well. Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 8

9 Introduction: Reality of Video Forensic How about these picture? A lot of cases received by us is coming from CCTV recordings. Picture 3 Result after zoom in Crop,Zoom In and Resize is NOT HELPING! Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 9

10 Definition: Forensic Video Analysis Forensic Video Analysis is the scientific examination, comparison and/or evaluation of video in legal matters. -LEVA Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 10

11 Definition: Digital Video Evidence (DVE) DVE is information of probative value stored or transmitted in binary from including, but not limited to, film, tape, magnetic and optical media, and/or the information contain therein -LEVA Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 11

12 Procedures: Evidence Management Playback Storage/Archive Processing Output Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 12

13 Procedures: Evidence Management q Principle for seizing and maintaining video evidence. q The general principle are: Chain of custody. Evidence preservation. Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 13

14 Procedures: Playback q To view and playback the video evidence. q To identify which video files to capture. Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 14

15 Procedures: Storage/Archive q Method for retrieving recorded video from DVE. q Process is based on this fundamental question: Is the request reasonable? What export method are available? Is the method practical? Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 15

16 Procedures: Processing of DVE q Technical Functions Step-by-step process/procedure Conducted by trained first responder / analysts q Analytical Functions Required a significant amount of judgment and/or an opinion. requiring additional skills, education, experience and/or training. Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 16

17 Procedures: Processing of DVE q Technical Functions Copy digital media Converting digital media from one format to another. Printing images from digital media. Archiving data. Outputting data to an analog or digital medium. Resizing digital images. Basic image adjustments. Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 17

18 Procedures: Processing of DVE q Analytical Functions Image comparison / photographic/ video comparison Conducting image aspect ratio calibration. Color correction Motion tracking Image stabilization Audio/Video Alignment Image analysis Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 18

19 Procedures: Output q Generate Hash To verify the original condition of the evidence. q Video format Proper aspect ratio 720x480 (recommended) Uncompressed video output. mpeg (recommended) q Image format No compression or losses compression. Use The Tagged Image File Format TIFF.(recommended) q Storage media CD/DVD External hardisk Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 19

20 Tools: Video Forensics Analysis Basic Tools Advanced Tools Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 20

21 Tools: Basic Video Editing Handles the editing of video sequences on a computer. Ability to capture video from other devices. Video editing software comes with a lot of video codecs Image Enhancing A program that enable a person to manipulate visual images on a computer Ability to enhance images. Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 21

22 Tools: Advanced Demultiplexer Multiplexer system allows many cameras to record into a single video file. The frames jump all over the place. Demultiplexer system separates the multiplex videos into separate screens. Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 22

23 Tools: Advanced Deblur Filter Problem: A moving object creates a blur image when captured. Solution: Deblur filter helps to sharpen the video. Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 23

24 Tools: Advanced Denoise Filter Problem: The original video is too dark. Solution: After shifting the histogram, more details of the image can be seen, but it is far too noisy. The Denoise filter rips through the noise and comes out with a more decent picture Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 24

25 Tools: Advanced Video Stabilization Problem: A camera recording a vehicle going from left to right across the screen producing a shaky image. Solution: Video Stabilization uses shape matching and velocity estimation to freeze the object in the same spot Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 25

26 Tools: Advanced Panorama Mosaic Reconstruction Problem: Getting a full image of a moving object. Solution: Panorama Mosaic Reconstruction recognizes duplicates in several frames and stitch parts of images to form a complete object image. Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 26

27 Case Study q Case Study 1: Video/Image Enhancement q Case Study 2: Video/image Comparison q Case Study 3: Image Authentication Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 27

28 Case Study 1: Video/Image Enhancement Problem: Blur image Solution: Adjust image brightness and Sharpening Picture 1 Result: Picture 2 Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 28

29 Case Study 2: Video/image Comparison Problem: To identify whether Object B is similar to Object A. Solution: Use blend technique. Object A is blend with Object B in picture C. Object A Picture C Object B Similarities of Object A and Object B are highlighted with green arrows. Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 29

30 Case Study 3: Image Authentication Problem: To prove Picture A is a superimpose picture Solution: Zoom and analyze the picture C. Identify the texture, resolution, perspective and color balance consistency. Manipulated image Original image Picture B Image was crop and paste Picture A Picture C Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 30

31 Training Where to get the training? q Professional Organizations q Vendor Training q Seminar q Other resource Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 31

32 Training: Professional Organizations LEVA Law Enforcement & Emergencies Services Video Association Resolution Video Incorporation These organization provides regular courses and seminars on forensic video analysis. Also provide Forensics Video Analysis Certification. Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 32

33 Training: Vendor Training q Company that provide digital forensic analysis system and image processing tools. q Also provide training in digital forensics analysis and image enhancing techniques. q Example: Avid-Ocean Adobe Photoshop Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 33

34 Training: Conference & Seminar q Seminar allow analyst to compare and review processing techniques. q Provided by: Government forensic Lab Law Enforcement Agencies (LEA) Professional Organization q Example: The LEVA 2008 International Video Evidence Symposium and training Conference. Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 34

35 Training: Others q Book q Internet resource Blog Video Streaming Website Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 35

36 Challenges In Video Forensics 1. Low quality Source Low quality images produced by low quality CCTV and camera and also compressed video format. Almost all CCTV cases received by the analyst are in low quality format. 2. Proprietary Issue Different CCTV produces different output. Different codecs needed to be able to view the output. 3. Digital Video Forensic is a new technology More research and more tools need to be produced. It is important to maintain the integrity and to preserve the digital video, therefore analyst must have the right tool. Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 36

37 Conclusion q You almost never get a nice digital video evidence. q You won't always get a perfect picture. q If source picture is bad, result will be bad as well. q However, tools does help the analyst to produce a better picture. q Enhancing the image cannot fix 100% quality of original image. q Most important! Video Forensic is NOT JUST a ZOOM IN IMAGE. Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 37

38 THANK YOU QUESTION? Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 38

39 Our Websites and s for Corporate website for for for Technical website Awareness Portal for general inquiries for incidence reporting Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 39

40 Our Corporate Website: Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia Copyright 2008 CyberSecurity Malaysia 40

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