Part 5. Wireless Network

Transcription

1 Introduction to NS-2 Part 5. Wireless Network Min Chen School of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul National University 1

2 Outline Introduction to Wireless Network An Example of Wireless Simulation Trace Format for Wireless Network Analysis Examples 2

3 Wireless Network Telecommunications by radio wave Mobile Supported!! The Way to Ubiquitous Life A Variety of Wireless Networks Wi-Fi Cellular Network WiMax Wireless Sensor Networks Wireless Mesh Networks...

4 Wireless Network Layers in ns-2 Application Application Layer Layer Agent Agent Layer Layer Transport Transport Layer Layer Router Router Layer Layer Network Network Layer Layer MAC MAC Layer Layer PHY PHY Layer Layer

5 Wireless Simulation in ns-2 cbr udp null (500,900) (350,500) (500,500) (650,500) (500,100)

6 OTcl file for the Example (1) # Simulation parameters setup set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel ;# channel type set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround ;# radio-propagation model set val(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy ;# network interface type set val(mac) Mac/802_11 ;# MAC type set val(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue ;# interface queue type set val(ll) LL ;# link layer type set val(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna ;# antenna model set val(ifqlen) 50 ;# max packet in ifq set val(nn) 3 ;# number of mobilenodes set val(rp) AODV ;# routing protocol set val(x) 1000 ;# X dimension of topography set val(y) 1000 ;# Y dimension of topography set val(stop) 10.0 ;# time of simulation end

7 OTcl file for the Example (2) # Initialization #Create a ns simulator set ns [new Simulator] #Open the NS trace file set tracefile [open out.tr w] $ns trace-all $tracefile #Open the NAM trace file set namfile [open out.nam w] $ns namtrace-all $namfile $ns namtrace-all-wireless $namfile $val(x) $val(y) set chan [new $val(chan)]; #Create wireless channel #Setup topography object set topo [new Topography] $topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y) create-god $val(nn)

8 OTcl file for the Example (3) # Mobile node parameter setup $ns node-config -adhocrouting $val(rp) \ -lltype $val(ll) \ -mactype $val(mac) \ -ifqtype $val(ifq) \ -ifqlen $val(ifqlen) \ -anttype $val(ant) \ -proptype $val(prop) \ -phytype $val(netif) \ -channel $chan \ -topoinstance $topo \ -agenttrace ON \ -routertrace ON \ -mactrace ON \ -movementtrace ON

9 OTcl file for the Example (4) # Nodes Definition #Create 3 nodes set n0 [$ns node] $n0 set X_ 350 $n0 set Y_ 500 $n0 set Z_ 0.0 $ns initial_node_pos $n0 20 set n1 [$ns node] $n1 set X_ 500 $n1 set Y_ 500 $n1 set Z_ 0.0 $ns initial_node_pos $n1 20 set n2 [$ns node] $n2 set X_ 650 $n2 set Y_ 500 $n2 set Z_ 0.0 $ns initial_node_pos $n2 20

10 OTcl file for the Example (5) # Nodes Movement $ns at 2.0 "$n1 setdest " $ns at 5.0 "$n1 setdest "

11 OTcl file for the Example (6) # Agents Definition #Setup a UDP connection set udp0 [new Agent/UDP] $ns attach-agent $n0 $udp0 set null1 [new Agent/Null] $ns attach-agent $n2 $null1 $ns connect $udp0 $null1 $udp0 set packetsize_ 1500 # Applications Definition #Setup a CBR Application over UDP connection set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR] $cbr0 attach-agent $udp0 $cbr0 set packetsize_ 1000 $cbr0 set rate_ 1.0Mb $cbr0 set random_ null $ns at 1.0 "$cbr0 start" $ns at 9.0 "$cbr0 stop"

12 OTcl file for the Example (7) # Termination #Define a 'finish' procedure proc finish {} { global ns tracefile namfile $ns flush-trace close $tracefile close $namfile exec nam out.nam & exit 0 } for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } { incr i } { $ns at $val(stop) "\$n$i reset" } $ns at $val(stop) "$ns nam-end-wireless $val(stop)" $ns at $val(stop) "finish" $ns at $val(stop) "puts \"done\" ; $ns halt" $ns run

13 Result

14 Trace Format for Wireless... s _0_ MAC cbr 1078 [13a ] [0:0 2:0 30 1] [2] 0 0 s _0_ AGT cbr 1000 [ ] [0:0 2:0 32 0] [3] 0 0 r _0_ RTR cbr 1000 [ ] [0:0 2:0 32 0] [3] 0 0 s _0_ RTR cbr 1020 [ ] [0:0 2:0 30 1] [3] 0 0 r _1_ MAC cbr 1020 [13a ] [0:0 2:0 30 1] [2] 1 0 s _1_ MAC ACK 38 [ ] r _1_ RTR cbr 1020 [13a ] [0:0 2:0 30 1] [2] 1 0 f _1_ RTR cbr 1020 [13a ] [0:0 2:0 29 2] [2] 1 0 r _0_ MAC ACK 38 [ ] s _0_ AGT cbr 1000 [ ] [0:0 2:0 32 0] [4] 0 0 r _0_ RTR cbr 1000 [ ] [0:0 2:0 32 0] [4] 0 0 s _0_ RTR cbr 1020 [ ] [0:0 2:0 30 1] [4] 0 0 s _1_ MAC RTS 44 [242e 2 1 0] s _0_ MAC RTS 44 [242e 1 0 0] r _2_ MAC RTS 44 [242e 2 1 0] s _1_ MAC RTS 44 [242e 2 1 0] r _2_ MAC RTS 44 [242e 2 1 0] s _2_ MAC CTS 38 [22f ] r _1_ MAC CTS 38 [22f ]...

15 Trace Format for Wireless s _0_ RTR cbr 1020 [ ] [0:0[ 2:0 30 1] [4] Event 2 Time 3 Node ID 4 Layer 7 Packet Type 8 Packet size 14 Source address 15 Destination address s: send r: receive d: drop f: forward RTR: Router Trace AGT: Agent Trace MAC: MAC Trace src_node:port dest_node:port

16 The New Trace Format ns-2 now provide new trace format Easier to understand Easier to perform analysis To use the new trace format Add one statement in the OTcl script $ns use-newtrace

17 The New Trace Format s -t Hs 0 -Hd -2 -Ni 0 -Nx Ny Nz Ne Nl AGT -Nw --- -Ma 0 -Md 0 -Ms 0 -Mt 0 -Is 0.0 -Id 2.0 -It cbr -Il If 0 -Ii 0 -Iv 32 -Pn cbr -Pi 0 -Pf 0 -Po 0 7 parts: 1 Event s 2 Time t Next Hop Hs 0 Hd 2 4 Node Property Ni 0 Nx Ny Nz 0.00 Ne Nl AGT Nw 5 Packet Information at MAC Layer Ma 0 Md 0 Ms 0 Mt 0 6 Packet Information at IP Layer Is 0.0 Id 2.0 It cbr Il 1000 If 0 Ii 0 Iv 32 7 Packet Information at Application Layer Pn cbr Pi 0 Pf 0 Po 0

18 The New Trace Files Details (1) Event s : send r : receive d : drop f : forward Time -t : The time for the event

19 The New Trace Files Details (2) Next Hop Information -Hs : id for this node -Hd : id the next hop towards the destination Node property tyep tag -Ni : node id -Nx -Ny -Nz : node's x/y/z coordinate -Ne: node energy level -Nl : trace level (AGT, RTR, MAC) -Nw : reason for the event

20 The New Trace Files Details (3) Packet Information at MAC Layer -Ma : duration -Md : destination's ethernet address -Ms : source's ethernet address -Mt : ethernet type

21 The New Trace Files Details (4) Packet Information at IP Layer -Is : source address.source port number -Id : destination address. Destination port number -It : packet type -Il : packet length (packet size) -If : flow id -Ii : unique id -Iv : ttl value

22 Analysis : Packet Loss Ratio AWK: BEGIN{ receive=0; send=0; } { if(($1=="s")&&($3=="_0_")&&($4=="agt")) send++; if(($1=="r")&&($3=="_2_")&&($4=="agt")) receive++; } END{ printf("send: %d, Receive: %d, Loss: %d, Loss Ratio: %f% %\n",send,receive,send-receive,(send-receive)/send*100); }

23 Example : Data Rate and Packet Loss Study the relationship between data rate and packet loss A set of scenarios The data rate increases from 0.1Mb to 1 Mb Calculate the pakeckt loss for each scenario Plot the figure

24 Modification on OTcl Add the variable control from command line ===== # Parameters: Queue Length and Event Rate ===== set Data_Rate [lindex $argv 0] Set the data rate as our variable $cbr0 set rate_ [expr $Data_Rate*1.0]Mb Disable the Animatior # exec nam out.nam &

25 The Batch File echo "0.1 \c" > loss.txt ns data-rate.tcl 0.1 awk -f loss.awk out.tr >> loss.txt echo "0.2 \c" > loss.txt ns data-rate.tcl 0.2 awk -f loss.awk out.tr >> loss.txt... echo "1 \c" > loss.txt ns data-rate.tcl 1 awk -f loss.awk out.tr >> loss.txt gnuplot data-rate.gpl

26 The GPL File set title "Impact of Data Rate on the Packet Loss Ratio" set xlabel "Data Rate (Mb)" set ylabel "Loss Ratio (%)" set terminal png set output "data_rate.png" plot "loss.txt" with lines

27 Result

28 Questions? Thank you!