Appendix A. lava Packages

Transcription

1 Appendix A lava Packages ntroduction This appendix gives some details of Java that you may need to know, such as a complete list of reserved words and characters, and details of all the classes in the Java packages. Reserved words Reserved words in Java have a special meaning and cannot be used for any other purpose. TableA.l Reserved words. abstract continue future long rest transient boolean default generic native return try break do goto new short var byte double if null static void case else implements operator sure volatile cast extends imports outer switch while catch final inner package synchronized char finally instanceof private this class float int protected throw const for interface public throws Reserved characters The characters listed in table A.2 cannot be used in a variable name, since they have special meanings in Java. 162

2 Java Packages 163 Table A.2 Reserved characters. + % } & 1 *? / > < = Java operators This is a complete list of all the operators in Java. Table A.3 The Java operators. 0 era tor Meanin 0 erator + Addition. «Subtraction.» * Multiplication.»> Division. % Modulus. = < Less than. ++ > Greater than. >= Greater than or equal to. += <= Less than or equal to. -= -- Equal. *= 1= Not equal. 1= && Logical AND. %= Logical OR. &= 1 Logical NOT. 1= & AND. «= 1 OR. 1\ XOR.»=»>= Meanin Left Shift. Right Shift. Zero fill right shift. Complement. Assignment. ncrement. Decrement. Add and assign. Minus and assign. Multiply and assign. Divide and assign. Modulus and assign. AND and assign. OR and assign. Left shift and assign. Right shift and assign. Zero fill, right shift and assi n. Java data types nteger: byte 8 bits. short 16 bits. int 32 bits. long 64 bits. Floating point: float 32 bits. double 64 bits.

3 164 Essential Java Fast Character: char 16 bit unsigned integer assigned the Unicode character number. Boolean: boolean true or false. The Java class library This section lists the classes and exceptions in the Java class library which is divided into packages. The java.awt package This is a complete list of the classes in the java.awt package. Table A.4 The java.awt package. Class BorderLayout Button Canvas CardLayout Checkbox CheckboxG roup CheckboxMenultem Choice Color Component Container Dialog Dimension Event FileDialog FlowLayout Description A layout manager for organising components. A labelled button component. A Canvas component for drawing. A layout manager for a container that contains several 'cards'. Only one card is visible at a time, allowing you to flip through the cards. A Checkbox component, that has either a true of false state. A group of checkboxes. Only one checkbox, at most, in the group may be set to true, the rest are false. This class produces a checkbox that represents a choice in a menu. A pop-up menu of choices. The current choice is displayed as the title of the menu. A class to encapsulate ROB Colours. A generic Abstract Window Toolkit component. A component that can contain other A WT components. A window that takes input from the user. The default layout for a dialog is BorderLayout A class to encapsulate a width and a height. Event is a platform-independent class that represents events from the user or the system. The FileDialog class displays a file selection dialog and allows the user to make a selection. A layout manager that arranges buttons left to right in a panel.

4 Java Packages 165 Font FontMetrics Frame Graphics GridBagConstraints G ridbag Layout GridLayout mage nsets Label List MediaTracker Menu MenuBar M enucomponent Menultem Panel Point Polygon Rectangle Scrollbar TextArea TextComponent TextField Toolkit Window A class that produces a representations of fonts. A class for holding information font metrics. A top-level window with a title. Graphics is the abstract base class for producing shapes and objects. GridBagConstraints specifies constraints for components set out using the GridBagLayout class. GridBagLayout is a flexible layout organiser that aligns components vertically and horizontally, without requiring that the components be the same size. Each component is described by a GridBagConstraints instance. A layout manager for a container that sets out grids. The image class is an abstract representation of a bit map. The distance of the container from the inside edges of the window. A component that displays a single line of read-only text. A scrolling list of text items. A utility class to track the status of a number of media objects, such as video and audio. A Menu contains menu items and is a component of a menu bar. A menu container. The super class of all menu related components. A single item in a menu. A Panel is a generic container component. x, y co-ordinates. A list of x and y co-ordinates. A Rectangle defined by the x, y of the top left corner, the width and the height. A Scrollbar component. A scroll able multi-line area for displaying or editing text. A TextComponent is a superclass of all component that allows the editing of some text. A TextField component allows the editing of only one line of text. t is used for binding the abstract A WT classes to a particular implementation. A top-level window with no borders and no menu bar. t is the superclass of the Frame and Dialog classes.

5 166 Essential Java Fast Exception index for java.awt Table A.S Exception index/or java.awt. Exception A WTException Description ndicates that an A WT exception has occurred. The java.awt.image package This is a complete list of the classes in the java.awt.image package. Table A.6 The java.awt package. Class ColorModel CroplmageFilter DirectColorModel FilteredlmageSource magefilter ndexcolormodel MemorylmageSource PixelGrabber RGBFiterlmage Description A class that encapsulates the methods for translating from pixel values to alpha and ROB colour components for an image. A filter class which is used for cropping images. This class extends the mage Filter Class to extract a rectangular region of an image. A ColorModel class that manages a translation from pixel values to alpha and ROB colour components for pixels. An implementation of the mageproducer interface which takes an existing image and a filter object and produces a filtered version of the original image. This class implements a filter that takes data from an mageproducer, modifies it and passes it to an mage Consumer. This class specifies a translation from pixel values to alpha, red, green, and blue colour components for pixels which represent indices into a fixed colour map. This class is an implementation of the mageproducer interface which uses an array to build up an image. The PixelGrabber class implements an mage Consumer which can be attached to an mage or mageproducer object to retrieve a subset of the pixels in that image. An abstract class for creating an magefilter which modifies the pixels of an ROB image. Exception index for java.awt.image There are no exceptions for this class.

6 Java PackaKes 167 The java.awt.peer package This is a complete list of the interfaces in the java.awt.peer package. Every member of this package has a corresponding class in the java.awt. package. The names are different in that peer is added to the class name. These interfaces provide a platform independent implementation of the platform specific java.awt classes. Since the behaviour of these classes is very similar to the class from which they inherit, they are listed below, but not described. Table A. 7 The java.awt.peer package. Class ndex Class index Class ndex ButtonPeer DialogPeer MenultemPeer CanvasPeer FileDialogPeer MenuPeer CheckboxMenultemPeer FramePeer PanelPeer CheckboxPeer LabelPer ScrollbarPeer ChoicePeer ListPeer TextAreaPeer ComponentPeer MenuBarPeer TextComponentPeer ContainerPeer MenuComponentPeer TextFieldPeer WindowPeer Exception index for java.awtpeer There are no exceptions for this class. The java.io package This is a complete list of the classes in the java.io package. Table A.S The java. io package. Class ndex BujferedlnputStream BujferedOutputStream Description This stream allows you read in characters from a stream without causing a read to a device such as a disk every time. The data is read into a buffer, so that subsequent reads are carried out faster, as the buffer rather than the disk has to be referenced. This is the converse of the BujferedlnputStream. This stream allows you to write characters to a stream without causing a write to a physical device every time. The data is first written into a buffer. Data is written to the actual stream either when the buffer is full. or when the stream is flushed.

7 168 Essential Java Fast ByteArraylnputStream ByteArrayOutputStream DatalnputStream DataOutputStream File FileJnputStream FileOutputStream FilterlnputStream FilterOutputStream nputstream LineNumberlnputStream OutputStream PipedlnputStream PipedOutputStream PrintStream PushbacklnputStream RandomAccessFile SequencelnputStream This class implements an input stream from a byte array. This class implements a buffer that can be used as an output stream. The buffer grows when data is written to the stream. An input stream that lets you read primitive Java data types such as integers from a stream. This class lets you write primitive Java data types to a stream. This class represents a file name of the host file system. f a file name or path is used it is assumed that the host's file name conventions are used. An input stream from a file constructed from a file descriptor or a file name. FileOutputStream, can be constructed from a file descriptor or a file name. An abstract class representing a filtered input stream of bytes. An abstract class representing a filtered output stream of bytes. An abstract class representing an input stream of bytes. All input streams are based on this class. An input stream that keeps track of line numbers. Abstract class representing an output stream of bytes. All output streams are based on this class. A thread reading from a PipedlnputStream receives data from a thread writing to the PipedOutputStream it is connected to. The partner of PipedlnputStream. This class implements an output stream that has additional methods for printing, such as flushing every time a new line character is written. The top 8 bits of 16 bit characters are ignored. An input stream that has a 1 byte push back buffer. Random access files can be constructed from file descriptors, file names, or file objects. This class has methods which allow specified modes of access of read-only or read-write to files. Converts a sequence of input streams into an input stream.

8 Java Packages 169 StreamTokenizer StringBu[ferlnputStream A class to turn an input stream into a stream of tokens. An input stream, from a String buffer. Exception index for java.io Table A.9 Exception indexfor java.io. Exception EOFException FileNotF oundexception JOException nte rruptedl 0 Exception UTFDataF ormatexception Description Signals that and EOF has been reached unexpectedly during input. Signals that a file was not found. Signals that an /O exception has occurred. Signals that an /O operation has been interrupted. Signals that a malformed UTF-8 string has been read in a data input stream. The java. lang package This is a complete list of the classes in the java.lang package. Table A.O The java. lang package. Class ndex Boolean Character Class ClassLoader Double Float nteger Long Math Number Description The Boolean class provides an object wrapper for Boolean data values. Since booleans are not objects in Java, they need to be wrapped in a boolean instance. The Character class provides an object wrapper for character data values. Class objects contain runtime representations of classes. Every object in the system is an instance of some class. ClassLoader is an abstract class that can be used to define a policy for loading Java classes into the runtime environment. The Double class provides an object wrapper for double length data values. The Float class provides an object wrapper for floating point data values. The nteger class is a wrapper for integer values. The Long class provides an object wrapper for long data values. The standard Math library for the methods in this class. Number is an abstract superclass for number classes: nteger, Long, Float and Double.

9 170 Essential Java Fast Object Process Runtime SecurityManager String String Buffer System Thread ThreadGroup Throwable The root of the class hierarchy. Every class in the system has Object as its parent. This class provides abstract behaviour for spawned processes. This class allows access to the Java run time. An abstract class that can be subclassed to implement a security policy. A general class of objects to represent character strings. This class is a buffer for characters that can automatically grow on demand. This class provides a system-independent interface to system functionality such as the standard input and output streams. This class provides a way of managing threads. A group of threads and thread groups. An object of this class indicates that an exceptional condition has occurred. Exception index for java. lang Table A.ll Exception index/or java. lang. Exception ArithmeticException ArraylndexOutOfBoundsException ArrayStoreException ClassCastException ClassNotFoundException ClimeNotSupportedException Exception llegalaccessexception llegalargumentexception Description ndicates that an exceptional arithmetic condition has occurred, for example, dividing by zero. ndicates that an invalid array index has been used. An attempt has been made to store the wrong type of object to an array. ndicates that an invalid cast has occurred. ndicates that a class could not be found. ndicates that an attempt has been made to clone an object that does not want to be cloned. Exception are a form of throwable objects that normal programs may wish to try and catch. ndicates that a particular method could not be found. ndicates that an illegal argument exception has occurred.

10 Java Packages 171 llegalmonitorstateexception llegalthreadstateexception ndexoutofboundsexception nstantiationexception nterruptedexception NegativeArraySizeException NoSuchMethodException NullPointerException N umberf ormatexception RuntimeException SecurityException StringlndexOutOJBoundsException ndicates that a monitor operation has been attempted when the monitor is in an invalid state. An exception indicating that a thread is not in a legal state for the requested operation. ndicates that an index of some sort is out of bounds. ndicates that an attempt has been made to instantiate an abstract class or an interface and has failed. An exception indicated that some thread has interrupted this thread. ndicates that an attempt has been made to create an array with negative size. ndicates that a particular method could not be found. ndicates the illegal use of a null pointer. ndicates that an invalid number format has occurred. An exception that can reasonably occur during the execution of a Java program by the Virtual machine. ndicates that a security exception has occurred. Signals that a string index is out of range. The java. util package This is a complete list of the classes in the java. uti! package. Table A.12 The java. uti! package. Class ndex BitSet Date Dictionary Hashtable Observable Properties Random Stack StringTokenizer Vector Description A set of bits. The set automatically grows as required. A wrapper for a date. An abstract class which maps keys to values. Hashtable class. Maps keys to values. This class should be subclassed by observable objects. This class is basically a hashtable for reading and changing persistent properties of a system or class. A Random class generates a stream of random numbers. A Last-n-First-Out(LFO) stack of objects. Controls simple linear tokenization of a string. An array of objects.

11 172 Essential Java Fast Exception index for java.util Table A.13 Exception index/or java. uti/, Exception EmptyStackException NoSuchElementException Description ndicates that the stack is empty. ndicates that a specified element does not exist. The java. net package This is a complete list of the classes in the java.net package. Table A.14 The java. net package. Class ndex ContentHandler DatagramPacket DatagramSocket netaddress ServerSocket Socket Socketlmpl URL URLConnection URLEncoder U RLStreamHandler Description A class to read data from a URLConnection and construct an Object. A class that represents a datagram packet containing packet data, packet length, nternet addresses and port. The datagram socket class implements unreliable datagrams. A class that represents nternet addresses. The server Socket class. The client Socket class. This is the Socket implementation class. t is an abstract class that must be subclassed to provide an actual implementation. The URL represents a Uniform Reference Locator, a reference to an object on the World Wide Web. This is a constant object, once it is created, its fields cannot be changed. A class to represent an active connection to an object represented by a URL. t is an abstract class that must be subclassed to implement a connection. Turns strings of text into URL encoded format. Abstract class for URL stream openers. Subclasses of this class know how to create streams for particular protocol types.

12 Java Packages 173 Exception index for java. net Table A.S Exception index/or java. net. Exception MalformedURLException ProtocolException SocketException U nknownh ostexception UnknownServiceException Description Signals that a malformed URL has occurred. Signals when connect gets an EPROTO. This exception is specifically caught in the class Socket. Signals that an error occurred while attempting to use a socket. Signals that the address of the server specified by a network client could not be resolved. Signals that an unknown service exception has occurred. The java.applet package There is only one class in the java.applet package package. Table A.6 The java.applet package. Class ndex Applet Description The base applet class Exception index for java.applet There are no exceptions for this class.

13 Appendix B Class Hierarchies ntroduction This appendix gives an alphabetical listing of the Java classes and interfaces. Class hierarchy 174

14 Class Hierarchies 11) --lclass java.lang.classloader ;-iinterface java.lang.cloneable Helass java.awt.color Helass java.awtimage.colormodel --klass java.awt.image.directcolormodel Helass java.awt.image.lndexcolormodel Helass java.lang.compiler Helass java.awt.component (implements java.awt.image.lmageobserver) Helass java.awt.button Helass java.awt.canvas Helass java.awt.checkbox ;-ielass java.awt.choice Helass java.awt.container Helass java.awt.panel Yelass java.applet.applet Helass java.awt. Window Helass java.awt.dialog 4e1ass java.awt.filedialog yelass java.awt.frame (implements java.awt.menucontainer) Helass java.awt.label Helass java.awt.list Helass java.awt.scrollbar L-jelassjava.awt.TextComponent Helass java.awt. TextArea ~e1ass java.awt.textfield Hinterface java.awt.peer.componentpeer ;-interface sun.tools.java.constants (extends sun.toolsjava.runtimeconstants) Hinterface java.awt.peer.containerpeer (extends java.awt.peer.componentpeer)

15 176 Essential Java Fast eer.windowpeer).cloneable) interface java.util.enumeration lclass java.awt.event eer.windowpeer)

16 Class Hierarchies 177.RemoteStack Variable

17 178 Essential Java Fast ~cass java.awt.image.memorylmagesource (implements java.awt.image.lmageproducer) interface java.awt.peer.menubarpeer (extends ljava.awt.peer.menucomponentpeer) --1cass java.awt.menucomponent J Hcass java.awt.menubar (implements java.awt.menucontainer) ycass java.awt.menultem --jcass java.awt.checkboxmenultem ----tcass java.awt.menu (implements java.awt.menucontainer) Yinterface java.awt.peer.menucomponentpeer Hinterface java.awt.menucontainer ---{interface java.awt.peer.menultempeer (extends java.awt.peer.menucomjjonentpeer) ----iinterface java.awt.peer.menupeer (extends java.awt.peer.menultempeer) Hcass java.lang.number '---1cass java.lang.double --1cass java.lang.float --klass java.lang.lnteger ~cass java.lang.long Hcassjava.util.Observable J Hinterface java.util.observer Hcass java.io.outputstream Hcass java.io.bytearrayoutputstream Hcass java.io.fileoutputstream Hcass java.io.filteroutputstream Hcass java.io.bufferedoutputstream Hcass java.io.dataoutputstream (implements java.io.dataoutput) ~cass java.io.printstream Ycass java.io.pipedoutputstream ----iinterface java.awt.peer.panepeer (extends java.awt.peer.containerpeer)

18 Class Hierarchies 179

19 180 Essential Java Fast class java.lang.abstractmethoderror!class java.lang.lnstantiationerror -!class java.langnosuchfielderror

20 Class Hierarchies 181!class java.lang. UnsatisfiedLinkError.!class java.lang. VerifyError!class java.lang. ThreadDeath

21 182 Essential Java Fast eer.containerpeer)

22 ndex ndex A Abstract Windowing Toolkit See java.awt action method 125 ALGN property 19 animation 78 applet 173 argc. See command line arguments args. See command line arguments argv. See command line arguments arrays 28 attributes 7 available method 141 A WT. See java.awt B block statements 44 BorderLayout class 110 break statement 48 BuJferedlnputStream class 142 BuJferedOutputStream class 148 Button component 98 ByteArraylnpUlStream class 141 ByteArrayOutpUlStream class 147 c C CardLayout class case statement 45 catch clause. 94 Checkbox component 102 CheckboxGroup component 102 class 26 close method 145 Color class 63 command line arguments 21, 160 conditional operator 45 constructors. 40 continue statement. 48 conventions 4 co-ordinate system 56 cos method. 88 D DatalnputStream class 142 DataOutputStream class 149 destroy method 14 Dialog class 128, 134 disable method 134 do loop 46,47 double buffering 83, 86 draw3drect method 59 drawarc method 62 drawlmage method 68 drawline method 57, 118 drawoval method. 61 drawpolygon method 60, 61 drawrect method 57,

23 184 Essential Java Fast drawroundrect method 58 drawstring method 66 E enable method. 134 event driven programming 97 exceptions. 92 F FilelnputStream class 138 FileNotFoundException class 139 FileOutputStream class 145 fill Arc method. 62 filioval method. 61, 78 filipolygon method. 60 filirect method. 58 fillroundrect method. 59 FilterinputStream class 142 FilterOutputStream class 147 final 33, 154 finalize method 42 finally clause. 96 FlowLayout class 106 flush method. 145 fonts 66 for loop 46, 47 Frame class 128 G getcodebase method 67, 86 getdocumentbase method 67 getfd method 138,146 getfontlist method 67 get/mage method 67, 68 getname method 71 getpriority method 77 global variables 27 GridBagLayout class 108 GridLayout class 107 H handleevent method 124 HEGHT attributes 19 HSPACE attribute 23 HTML 12 HTMLtag <!..... >. 16 <lbody> 16 <lhtml> 16 <lttle>. 16 <APPLET>. 16 <BODY> 16 <HTML> 16 <TTLE> 16 Hyper Text Mark-up Language See HTML if statement 43 inheritance 8 init method. 13 nputstream class 137 instance 6 OException class 139 J java.applet. 173 java.awt 164 java.awt.graphics 55 java.awt.image 166 java.awt.peer 167 java.io 137, 167 java. lang. 169 java.net 172 java.util. 171 K keydown event 122 keyup event 122 L Labelcomponent 100 LineNumberlnputStream class. 143 List component 103 local variables 27 M mark method. 141 marksupported method 141 Math.cos. See cos method Math.random method See random method

24 ndex 185 Math.sin. See sin method MenuBar class 131 menus 130 methods 7, 29 mixed mode arithmetic 35 mousedown event 117, 119 mousedown method 19 mousedrag method 121 mouseup event 117, 119 mouse Up method 19 multithreading 71 N NAME parameter 22 Netscape 2 bugs 19 new keyword 27 o object orientation 5 objects See object orientation operators. 163 arithmetic 34 assignment 37 bitwise 49 comparison 39 decrement 37 increment 37 logical 51 precedence 52 or operator 50 OutputStream class 145 overloading methods 40, 83 overriding methods 83,84 p package 153 packages creating 156 importing 157 why use them?. 155 paint method 14,55 passwords 105 PipedlnputStream class. 144 PipedOutputStream class. SO Polygon Glass 60 print method 148 println method 148 PrintStream class 148 private 30, 152 protected 30, 153 public 30, 152 PushbacklnputStream class 144 R random method 65, 79 read method 140, 142 reserved characters. 162 reserved words. 162 reset method 141, 147 Runnable keyword 76 s scheduling pre-emptive 73 scheduling non-pre-emptive. 73 Scrollbar component. 100 SequencelnputStream class 144 setbackground method 65 setcolor method 64 setechocharacter method 105 setfont method 66 setforeground method 64 setpriority method. 77 shift operators 51 show method. 128 sin method. 88 size method 147 skip method 140 start method 14 static method 30 stop method 14 StringBufJerlnputStream class 141 subclass 8 Sun's Web site 3 superclass. 8 switch statement 45 synchronized 75 T TextArea component 105 TextField component 104

25 186 Essential Java Fast this 34, 69 threads indefinite postponement 78 priorities 76 throws clause 93 try clause. 94 u unread method 144 v V ALUE parameter 22 VSPACE attribute 23 w what computer?. 3 while loop 46 WDTH attributes 19 Window class. 128 World Wide Web write method. 146 x xor operator 50 y yield method 77