SOLID-STATE AREA. Dr. Trevor Thornton. School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY THURSDAY, MARCH 20 TH

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1 SOLID-STATE AREA Dr. Trevor Thornton THURSDAY, MARCH 20 TH School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY

2 Electrical Engineering Power Radar, Antennas, Communications Computers Feedback, Control, Systems All of this is made possible through the use of semiconductor devices and circuits!

3 Electrical Engineering Ultra-Low Power Communications Computers Analog and Digital Signal Processing Feedback, Control, Systems All of this is made possible through the use of semiconductor devices and circuits!

4 Made Possible By Semiconductors

5 Semiconductor Progress First Integrated Circuit Texas Instruments First Transistor Bell Laboratory ,000,000 Transistors Motorola PC IBM's POWER6 790 million transistors 4.7 GHz, 2007

6 Paradigm Shifts Computers Main frame desktop laptop netbook Music 78 rpm record audio tape CD mp3 player

7 Data Storage 5.25 floppy ~ 1980, ~ 1MB 3.5 floppy ~ 1987, 1.44 MB Zip drive 1994, MB Compact disk (CD) ~ 1982, 700 MB Digital versatile disk (DVD) ~ 1995, 3-5 GB Blu Ray ~ 2003, GB Flash drive ~ 2000, up to 32 GB

8 mp3 Players MPEG Audio Layer 3, standard for audio compression that makes music files smaller with little or no loss of sound quality. Memory: Jon Rubinstein from Apple Computer visited Toshiba/Japan in 2001, he saw a 1.8-inch hard drive; four months earlier, Steve Jobs, told him to check out the possibility of designing a music player Algorithm: D. Seitzer/University of Erlangen and K. Brandenburg/ Fraunhofer Institute in Germany developed the mp3 algorithm. Started 1987, US patent 1996; first mp3 player 1999; ipod in min song ~ 30 MB; reduced to ~ 3 MB in mp3 format 8 GB mp3 player 2500 songs ~ 100 CDs mp3 second to sex on search engines

9 Digital Cameras 35 mm slides commonly used in the past 2000 such slides fit on 2 DVDs 1 picture in 10 MB camera ~ 2x10 6 MB ~ 4000 pictures on 8 GB memory card ~ 1 /picture storage cost 35 mm trays of 100 slides each, ~4 ft high 1800 pics!! 4000 pics!!

10 Transistor Production Transistor number/chip has increased from 1 to 10 9 in 40 years! Transistors/Chip Encyclopedia Book Page 1 K 64 M 4 M 256 K 16 K Double/2 Yrs Double/1 Yr Product SIA Roadmap Year 16 G 1 G Double /1.5 Yrs

11 Personal Systems Scaling System size for equivalent functionality is reduced by half every 5-7 years System Size, L+W+H (inches) Yrs Low Power Desktop Notebook Phone PDA Time Ultra Low Power Credit Card Watch Ring Source: Texas Instruments

12 Semiconductor Progress in Perspective Semiconductor progress in device size, circuit speed, power consumption, memory storage capability, and cost has been enormous since 1960 How a model 1970 automobile would perform, had it improved at the same rate as integrated circuits Speed (mph) Power (mpg) Cost (1995 $) Mass (kg) Luggage (ft 3 ) ,500, ,750,000 20, , ,000

13 Electronic systems are driven by semiconductor chips These chips perform analog and digital circuit functions Semiconductor chips contain semiconductor devices Semiconductor devices have to be Designed, fabricated, measured, modeled, marketed, and sold Need to know: Device physics Circuit design Fabrication techniques Modeling Measurements

14 Semiconductor Industry What do engineers in the semiconductor industry do? Circuit design Design and lay out circuits to be manufactured Simulation/modeling Simulate semiconductor device, circuit, and systems behavior (simulation is faster and cheaper than manufacturing) Fabrication Fabricate these circuits, maintain yield Measurement/characterization Characterize the performance of the devices/circuits/chips Sales/marketing Sell and market devices, chips, systems, equipment, services

15 Courses EEE Quantum Mechanics for Engineers Basic physics describing the behavior of electrons and atoms EEE Microelectronics Fabrication of semiconductor devices/circuits. Important! EEE Fundamentals of Solid State Devices Introduces the physics of the most common semiconductor devices, i.e., how do these device work. Important! EEE 437 Optoelectronics Light emitting/detecting devices (lasers, photodetectors, etc.) EEE Semicond. Facilities/Cleanroom Practices Facilities/cleanrooms to make semiconductors

16 Chip Manufacturers Job Opportunities Freescale, Intel, IBM, Texas Instruments, National Semiconductor, ST Semiconductors, Global Foundries, Microchip, Micron... Equipment Manufacturers Applied Materials, KLA/Tencor, Chemical Cos., Digital Instruments, Lam, Agilent, Keithley. Services Companies producing simulation software, other services Billion Dollars Worldwide Semiconductor Sales Year

17 BS Entry-level degree Graduate School For technical work you ll be at the lower end of the range of engineers For less technical work, good MS Good degree Valued by industry More advanced knowledge, but not overly specialized Most useful degree for most cases Ph.D. Specialized Good for those interested in more advanced, more interesting work Necessary for academic or R&D careers

18 Advanced Degree Necessary? How is salary related to degree? Dollars Median Annual Income High School Some College Associate Degr. BS MS Ph.D. Million Dollars Lifetime Income High School Some College Associate Degr. BS MS Ph.D. 0 0 Source: Arizona Republic, Oct. 20, 2004

19 Satisfying Aspects of Job Ability to work independently Variety of work Solving challenging problems Doing what I'm good at People I work with Product/process development Compensation Travel Respondents % Source: R&D Magazine, 2007

20 Globalization Low prices for products, but people in other countries compete for your job Millions of smart, hard-working students are graduating from colleges around the world Almost none of these have English as their first language, yet many speak it fluently Young people have to learn the meaning of the word compete It s tough out there and it s only going to get tougher Develop skills and talents to make you globally competitive Learn another language You will have to know more and work harder and keep learning M. Goldsmith, Advice for young people, Business Week, Aug. 2008

21 Some Industrial Advice Practice the company culture Produce quality work, take the job seriously, display good work habits Satisfy internal and external customers Display common sense and technical competence Be a team player with good interpersonal interactions Demonstrate good effort, perseverance and dependability Have good verbal and written communication skills Listen actively and consider others input and feedback Be a continuous learner to enhance skills and knowledge Show flexibility and adaptability Act safely, ethically and honestly From: S. Sanghi (CEO of Microchip Technology), Driving Excellence, Wiley, 2006.

22 Graduate School?