Lithe: Lightweight Secure CoAP for the Internet of Things
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1 Lithe: Lightweight Secure CoAP for the Internet of Things S. Raza, H. Shafagh, etc. IEEE Sensors 2013, Volume 13 1 Mahmoud Kalash 28 March 2016
2 2 Summary: IEEE Sensors journal Security problem in IOT. Secure communication protocol in in resource-constrained IOT environments. Implementation and evaluation.
3 3 Outline Introduction Background CoAP and DTLS 6LoWPAN DTLS Compression DTLS-6LoWPAN Integration 6LoWPAN-NHC for the Record and Handshake Headers 6LoWPAN-NHC for ClientHello / ServerHello 6LoWPAN-NHC for other Handshake Messages Implementation Evaluation Packet Size Reduction RAM and ROM Requirement Run-Time Performance Future work
4 4 Outline Introduction Background CoAP and DTLS 6LoWPAN DTLS Compression DTLS-6LoWPAN Integration 6LoWPAN-NHC for the Record and Handshake Headers 6LoWPAN-NHC for ClientHello / ServerHello 6LoWPAN-NHC for other Handshake Messages Implementation Evaluation Packet Size Reduction RAM and ROM Requirement Run-Time Performance Future work
5 5 Introduction 6LoWPAN (IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Network) enables IPv6 in low-power and lossy wireless networks such as WSNs. 6LoWPAN defines header compression mechanisms. HTTP is inefficient in lossy and constrained IOT environment(low power radios). The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF ). CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) Simplicity. Low overhead. Multicast support.
6 6 Introduction DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security) is used by CoAP as the security protocol key management. data encryption. integrity protection. CoAPs is CoAP with DTLS support, similar to HTTPs. Problem: DTLS is inefficient or constrained IOT devices. Solution: Apply the 6LoWPAN header compression mechanisms to compress DTLS header.
7 7 Introduction: Lithe Lithe is the proposed solution in this paper. Lithe: a lightweight CoAPs by compressing the DTLS protocol with 6LoWPAN header compression mechanisms. To achieve energy efficiency by reducing the message size; To avoid 6LoWPAN fragmentation as 6LoWPAN protocol is vulnerable to fragmentation attacks.
8 8 E2E Communication with CoAPs 6BR: 6LoWPAN Border Router is used between 6LoWPAN networks and the Internet to compress/decompress or/and fragment/reassemble messages before forwarding between the two realms.
9 9 Outline Introduction Background CoAP and DTLS 6LoWPAN DTLS Compression DTLS-6LoWPAN Integration 6LoWPAN-NHC for the Record and Handshake Headers 6LoWPAN-NHC for ClientHello / ServerHello 6LoWPAN-NHC for other Handshake Messages Implementation Evaluation Packet Size Reduction RAM and ROM Requirement Run-Time Performance Future work
10 10 Background Goal: To enable secure and efficient communication among IoT devices that utilize the CoAP protocol.
11 11 CoAP CoAP is a web protocol that runs over the UDP for IOT. Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) is used to protect CoAP transmission. Similar to HTTPs (TLS-secured HTTP), CoAPs is DTLS-secured CoAP. Coaps://myIPv6Address:port/MyResource
12 12 Layout of a packet secured with DTLS Upper layer Lower layer
13 13 DTLS-Handshake Process The handshake messages are used to negotiate: security keys, encryption algorithms and compressing methods.
14 14 6LoWPAN This paper is limited to the header compression process only. DTLS Layer IPHC NHC Lithe
15 15 Outline Introduction Background CoAP and DTLS 6LoWPAN DTLS Compression DTLS-6LoWPAN Integration 6LoWPAN-NHC for the Record and Handshake Headers 6LoWPAN-NHC for ClientHello / ServerHello 6LoWPAN-NHC for other Handshake Messages Implementation Evaluation Packet Size Reduction RAM and ROM Requirement Run-Time Performance Future work
16 16 DTLS-6LoWPAN Integration Apply 6LoWPAN header compression mechanism to compress headers in the UDP payload. The ID bits in the NHC for UDP defined in 6LoWPAN: means the UDP payload is not compressed; means the UDP payload is compressed with 6LoWPAN-NHC. IPHC NHC Lithe
17 17 6LoWPAN-NHC-R & 6LoWPAN-NHC-RHS First 4 bits represent the ID field: LoWPAN-NHC-RHS LoWPAN-NHC-R Version (v): DTLS version 0 omit version field (16 bits) Epoch (EC): 0, 8 bit epoch is used and the left most 8 bits are omitted. 1, all16 bit epoch is used. Sequence Number (SN): 0, 16 bit SN, omit 32 bits 1, 48 bit SN Fragment (F): 0, not fragment. Omit 2 x ( offset + length ) 6 bytes. 1, fragment applied.
18 18 6LoWPAN-NHC-CH First 4 bits is ID, 1010 When the parameter is set to 0, the corresponding field is omitted. Session ID (SI): omit 8 bits Cookie (C): omit 16 bits Cipher Suites (CS): omit 16bits Compression Method (CM): Omit 8 bits
19 19 6LoWPAN-NHC-SH Similar to ClientHello except: ID field is 1011 V (Server DTLS Version): 0 - DTLS 1.0, omit 16 bits
20 20 6LoWPAN-NHC for ClientHello
21 21 Outline Introduction Background CoAP and DTLS 6LoWPAN DTLS Compression DTLS-6LoWPAN Integration 6LoWPAN-NHC for the Record and Handshake Headers 6LoWPAN-NHC for ClientHello / ServerHello 6LoWPAN-NHC for other Handshake Messages Implementation Evaluation Packet Size Reduction RAM and ROM Requirement Run-Time Performance Future work
22 22 Implementation Lithe was implemented in the Contiki OS. Hardware platform: WiSMote. Lithe implementation consists of four components: DTLS: open source tinydtls. CoAP: default CoAP in Contiki. CoAP-DTLS integration module: Connects the CoAP and DTLS to enable CoAPs. DTLS header compression.
23 23 Outline Introduction Background CoAP and DTLS 6LoWPAN DTLS Compression DTLS-6LoWPAN Integration 6LoWPAN-NHC for the Record and Handshake Headers 6LoWPAN-NHC for ClientHello / ServerHello 6LoWPAN-NHC for other Handshake Messages Implementation Evaluation Packet Size Reduction RAM and ROM Requirement Run-Time Performance Future work
24 24 Evaluation - Packet Size Reduction
25 25 Evaluation RAM/ROM Requirement
26 26 Evaluation - Run-Time Performance CH ClientHello CH(C) ClientHello with Cookie CKE ClientKeyExchange HV HelloVerify SH ServerHello SHD - ServerHelloDone
27 27 Evaluation - Run-Time Performance 15% less energy is used transmit/receive compressed packets.
28 28 Evaluation Energy Consumption The Energy Consumption from Client/Server w/out RH Compression The Energy Consumption from the sum of Client/Server w/out RH Compression
29 29 Evaluation Round Time Trip (RTT)
30 30 Outline Introduction Background CoAP and DTLS 6LoWPAN DTLS Compression DTLS-6LoWPAN Integration 6LoWPAN-NHC for the Record and Handshake Headers 6LoWPAN-NHC for ClientHello / ServerHello 6LoWPAN-NHC for other Handshake Messages Implementation Evaluation Packet Size Reduction RAM and ROM Requirement Run-Time Performance Future work
31 31 Future work: deploy Lithe in a real world IOT system with a real application scenario.
32 32 References app6891.pdf
33 33
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