Internet based IoT connectivity Technologies

Transcription

1 Internet based IoT connectivity Technologies ETRI Protocol Engineering Center Yong-Geun August 20, 2015 Contents Overview IoT Technologies IoT in the viewpoint of Internet IoT connectivity technologies based on Internet Slide 2 Copyright 2015 IEICE 44

2 Internet of Things (IoT) Definition of IoT Hyper-connected Internet that connects all things based on information and communication technology, to exchange information between the things and people, things and things Health care Smart Metering Safety Smart Car <Network> Smart Home Data (RFID/USN) Information (M2M) Knowledge (IoT) Source: IoT revitalization plan (Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning, May 2013) Slide 3 History of IoT in Korea In the past, USN by MKE (Ministry of Knowledge and Economy) ISO-side ministry Based on RFID/USN, sensor technologies M2M by KCC (Korea Communication Commission) ITU-T side ministry Based on Mobile Telecommunication networks Now, IoT by MSIP (Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning) Combine USN and M2M Evolved from USN and M2M Slide 4 45

3 Prospect of IoT Slide 5 Various type of IoT devices Slide 6 46

4 Overview IoT Technologies IoT in the viewpoint of Internet IoT connectivity technologies based on Internet Slide 7 Classification of IoT technologies Slide 8 47

5 Functional blocks of IoT technologies Slide 9 Prospect of IoT Technologies IoT service Silo to Convergence IoT platform Closed to Open, Vertical to Horizontal Connectivity to intelligence IoT network High energy to Low energy Small traffic to Large traffic Configured to Cognitive IoT device Insecure SoC to Secure SoC IoT security Low security to High security Slide 10 48

6 Overview IoT Technologies IoT in the viewpoint of Internet IoT connectivity technologies based on Internet Slide 11 Intersection using IP [Source : Interconnecting Smart Objects with IP] Slide 12 49

7 Why is IP layering Important for IoT Regarding the physical/virtual devices(smallest objects) as well as the links interconnecting these devices These architectures could not support the new links without performing protocol translation, which is a very costly and inefficient approach IEEE based device PLC based device Intersection = IP 3/4G mobile device IEEE device [Source : Interconnecting Smart Objects with IP] Slide 13 IP solution for IoT Considerations Evolvability Scalability Diversity of Applications Diversity of Communication technologies Interoperability Potentially lossy communication technology Life Time Low-Power consumption Low cost Slide 14 50

8 Interoperability Challenges A capability mismatch between different devices Communications and processing bandwidth mismatch Different internetworking protocol choices Solutions that are only suitable for some networks Slide 15 Capability Differences MTU differences Simplified vs. full blown web protocol stack (CoAP/UDP vs. HTTP/TCP) Single stack vs. dual stack Sleep schedule Security protocols Processing and communications bandwidth Slide 16 51

9 Challenges for IoT The IP architecture was arguably not designed for IoT devices/objects and network IoT networks and their applications give rise to challenges both at the node and the network level Therefore, need to light-weight Implementation of Internet Protocol Slide 17 Overview IoT Technologies IoT in the viewpoint of Internet IoT connectivity technologies based on Internet Slide 18 52

10 IoT in IETF Perspective There are tremendous cost and other advantages to using IP for all communications Yet we'll have to make sure our technology scales to the challenge However, there are several problems Objects/Things in IoT may be small size the limit power, the limit memory.. We don t know the exact behavior of IoT and IoT service requirement Service model, communication model.. Slide 19 Motivation Current Internet Protocol use too much Energy Spectrum Costs Wireless technology Problems Constrained nodes [Source : Carsten Bormann, Getting Started with IPv6 in 6LowPAN, 2011/3] little power (~ µw), lots of sleeping little ROM (code space), RAM (state) Constrained networks high loss not an Ethernet (multicast, reliability,...) Slide 20 53

11 Node Constrained network Low performance, low RAM, low ROM sleep a lot (vs. always on ) due to battery operation Network ~100 kbits/s, high loss, high link variability May be used in an unstable radio environment Physical layer packet size may be limited (~100 bytes) LLN : Low power and Lossy Network Slide 21 Constrained network example: IEEE Characteristics popular low-power (~ 1 mw) radio 0.9 and 2.4 GHz bands 868 MHz: Europe (1 % duty cycle, 20 kbit/s) 900 MHz: US (40 kbit/s) 2.4 GHz: World (256 kbit/s) up to 127-byte packets Slide 22 54

12 Constrained node/networks in IETF 6LoWPAN WG IETF Internet area, L2/L3 interface 6lo WG IETF Internet Area, L2/L3 interface in various access technologies 6tisch WG IETF Internet Area, IPv6 over the TSCH mode of IEEE e roll WG IETF Routing area, L3 routing core WG IETF Application area, L7 application lwig WG IETF Internet area, Current practice of Light-weight Implementation dnssd WG IETF Internet area, Extensions for Scalable DNS Service Discovery ACE WG IETF Security area, Authentication and Authorization for Constrained Environments DICE WG IETF Security area, DTLS In Constrained Environments Slide 23 6lo WG (1/2) IPv6 over Networks of Resource-constrained Nodes (6lo) IPv6-over-foo adaptation layer specifications using 6LoWPAN technologies (RFC4944, RFC6282, RFC6775) Transmission of IPv6 packets over ITU-T G.9959 Networks (RFC7428) Transmission of IPv6 Packets over BLUETOOTH(R) Low Energy (-16, AD Follup phase) Transmission of IPv6 Packets over DECT Ultra Low Energy (-02) Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Near Field Communication (-01) Slide 24 55

13 Other issues 6lo WG (2/2) 6LoWPAN Generic Compression of Headers and Header-like Payloads RFC 7400 (Proposed Standard) Definition of Managed Objects for 6LoWPANs RFC 7388 (Proposed Standard) Transmission of IPv6 over IEEE ah 6lo security (Privacy Considerations) 6lo Privacy Consideration (draft-thaler-6lo-privacy-address-00) 6lo ETSI Plugfest Plan Slide 25 6tisch WG (1/2) 6TiSCH: "IPv6 over the TSCH mode of IEEE e" Work items in IETF 93 6TiSCH architecture to describe the design of 6TiSCH networks (-08) INT AREA review Mid-level Architecture incomplete, misses: Security, Dynamic Scheduling, DetNet 6TiSCH Operation Sublayer (6top) Interface (-04) Minimal 6TiSCH Configuration defining how to build a 6TiSCH network using the Routing Protocol for LLNs (RPL) and a static TSCH schedule (-11) 6TiSCH Resource Management and Interaction using CoAP (-03) Terminology in IPv6 over the TSCH mode of IEEE e (-05) Slide 26 56

14 Timeslotted Channel Hopping 6tisch WG (2/2) Slide 27 core WG (1/2) Status CoAP : RFC 7252 Group Communication for CoAP : RFC 7390 Observing Resources in CoAP (draft-ietf-core-observe-16), RFC Ed Queue WG documents draft-ietf-core-block : 3 rd WGLC complete draft-ietf-core-http-mapping draft-ietf-core-links-json still waiting for more implementation experience? draft-ietf-core-resource-directory draft-ietf-core-interfaces Slide 28 57

15 CoRE Transaction model core WG (2/2) Transport CoAP is defined for UDP Messaging Simple message exchange between end-points CON, NON, ACK, RST Slide 29 Status lwig WG RFC 7228 (Terminology for Constrained-Node Networks) WG documents Building Power-Efficient CoAP Devices for Cellular Networks (draft-ietf-lwigcellular-04), IESG Processing CoAP Implementation Guidance (draft-ietf-lwig-coap-03) Minimal IKEv2 (draft-ietf-lwig-ikev2-minimal-02) Energy Efficient Implementation Guidance (draft-ietf-lwig-energyefficient-03) Slide 30 58

16 ACE WG ACE : Authentication and Authorization for Constrained Environments Produce use cases and requirements Identify authentication and authorization mecha nisms suitable for resource access in constrained environments Working Drafts ACE use cases (draft-ietf-ace-usecases-04) Current Issues Use Cases (Ludwig Seitz, 10 min) Public Safety Use Case (Akbar Rahman, 10 min) Actors (Stefanie Gerdes, 10 min) Authorization for Constrained RESTful Environments (Ludwig Seitz, 20 min Multicast Security (Sandeep S. Kumar, 20 min) OAuth and UMA (Hannes Tschofenig, 20 min) Simplified Key Exchange (Thomas Hardjono, 20 min) Privacy-Enhanced Tokens (Jorge Cuellar, 10 min) Slide 31 Thing-to-Thing Research Group (T2TRG) Focus: issues that touch opportunities for standardization in the IETF Start at the adaptation layer connecting devices to IP, and End at the application layer with architectures and APIs for communicating and making data and management functions (including security functions) available Slide 32 59

17 Q & A Thank you Contact Information Yong-Geun Hong Protocol Engineering Center Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute yghong@etri.re.kr Tel: , Fax: Slide 33 60