A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC. Electricity and Power Supplies

Transcription

1 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC Fifth Edition Chapter 4 Electricity and Power Supplies

2 Measures of Electricity 2

3 AC and DC Alternating current (AC) Cycles back and forth Economical Direct current (DC) Travels in only one direction, from hot to ground Required by most electronic devices Computer power supply functions as both a transformer and rectifier 3

4 Computer Power Supply 4

5 Hot, Neutral, and Ground 5

6 Hot, Neutral, and Ground (continued) 6

7 Common Electrical Components 7

8 Protecting Your Computer System: General Precautions Make notes so you can backtrack Remove packing materials from work area Keep components away from hair and clothing Keep screws and spacers in an orderly place Don t stack boards on top of each other 8

9 Protecting Your Computer System: General Precautions (continued) Don t touch chips on motherboard or expansion cards Don t touch chip with magnetized screwdriver Don t change DIP switch settings with a graphite pencil 9

10 Protecting Your Computer System: General Precautions (continued) Have classroom instructor check your work before putting cover on and powering up Turn off a computer before moving it Keep disks away from magnetic fields, heat, and extreme cold 10

11 Protecting Yourself Against Electricity Turn off power and unplug computer Always use a ground bracelet Never touch inside of a computer while it is turned on Never remove cover or put your hands inside monitor or power supply 11

12 Static Electricity (or ESD) Can cause catastrophic failure or upset failure Protection against ESD Ground bracelet or static strap Ground mats Static shielding bags 12

13 Ground Bracelet 13

14 Ground Bracelet with a Ground Mat 14

15 Static Shielding Bags 15

16 EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) Caused by magnetic field produced as side effect when electricity flows Protection against EMI Cover expansion slots Do not place system close to or on same circuit as high-powered electrical equipment Use line conditioners 16

17 Surge Protection and Battery Backup Surge suppressors Power conditioners Uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) 17

18 UPS 18

19 Case, Power Supply, and Motherboard Form Factors AT ATX (most popular) LPX NLX Backplane systems 19

20 AT and Baby AT Form Factors AT Form Factor Used on older motherboards Difficult to install, service, and upgrade Uses two power connectors: P8 and P9 Problematic position of CPU in relation to expansion slots No longer produced by most manufacturers Baby AT Form Factor Industry standard from Small; fits into many types of cases Problematic position of CPU unresolved Drives/devices not close to connections on motherboard 20

21 AT Motherboard 21

22 Power Connectors on AT and ATX Boards 22

23 ATX Form Factor Open, nonproprietary spec (Intel 1995) Easier to add and remove components Greater support for I/O devices and processor technology Lower costs Improved positioning of components 23

24 ATX Form Factor (continued) Smaller Uses one power connector: P1 Soft switch feature Better air circulation Other types: Mini-ATX, MicroATX, FlexATX 24

25 ATX Motherboard 25

26 NLX Form Factor 26

27 Other Form Factors LPX and Mini-LPX Riser card similar to NLX systems Used in low-cost systems Difficult to upgrade Cannot handle size and operating temperature of processors Proprietary issues Backplane Systems Not a true motherboard; board sits against back of proprietary case with slots for other cards Active backplanes Passive backplanes 27

28 Types of Cases Desktop cases Tower cases Minitower Midsize tower Full-size tower Notebook cases 28

29 Desktop Case 29

30 Tower Case 30

31 Tower and Desktop Cases 31

32 Introduction to Troubleshooting Isolate the problem Problems that prevent PC from booting Problems that occur after a successful boot Learn as much as you can by asking questions of user(s) 32

33 PC Problem Solving 33

34 Troubleshooting the Power System: General Guidelines Any burnt parts or odors? Everything connected and turned on? Loose cable connections? Computer plugged in? All switches turned on? Wall outlet good? If fan is not running, turn off computer: Connections to power supply secure? Cards securely seated? 34

35 Troubleshooting the Power System: General Guidelines (continued) Check for correct wire connections to motherboard Remove nonessential expansion cards one at a time Vacuum entire unit 35

36 Troubleshooting an ATX Power Supply 36

37 Troubleshooting the Power System Power supply itself Power supply fan Power problems with the motherboard Overheating 37

38 Preventing Overheating 38

39 Preventing Overheating (continued) 39

40 Power Management Methods Advanced Power Management (APM) AT Attachment (ATA) for IDE drives Display Power Management Signaling (DPMS) standards for monitors and video cards Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) 40

41 Power Management Setup Screen 41

42 Changing Power Options 42