Application Development for Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing

Transcription

1 Department of Computer Science Institute for System Architecture, Chair for Computer Networks Application Development for Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing 1. Introduction Dr. Ing. Thomas Springer Technische Universität Dresden Chair of Computer Networks

2 Overview 1.1 Why Mobile Computing? Major driving forces Application scenarios What is Mobile Computing 1.2 Future Trends? Further small devices Sensors and Actuators Ad hoc and Sensor networks Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing Ambient Intelligence and Context awareness 1.3 Challenges 1.4 Organization of the lecture Folie 5

3 WHY MOBILE COMPUTING? Folie 6

4 Major driving forces for Mobile Computing Globalization, Mobility Wireless Networks Mobile Computing Mobile Devices Folie 7

5 Globalization Globalization of markets distribution of applications, data and users Globalization of private life relatives and friends are distributed Working and living abroad Traveling is easy and necessary mobility of users and devices Folie 8

6 Why Mobile Computing? Possible Applications Remote Control (devices, applications) Local area -> control powerpoint presentation with mobile device Wide area -> access to home devices Remote access to information and services Internet search and download Mobile use of internet services Access of enterprise applications Location-based services Wireless information / data exchange Exchange of vcards between two mobile devices Local / disconnected work Disconnect from network and work autonomously (e.g. robot) Folie 9

7 Mobile Workers Hotel Device Profile User Profile Context of use Customer visit User Device Profile Profile WAN WLAN + WAN Application Server GSM/UMTS/ Connexion Trip Device Profile LAN User Profile Device Profile Office User Profile Context of use Context of use Context of use Folie 10

8 Location-based Services Folie 11

9 Intelligent Environments Folie 12

10 Supply Chain Management Mobile Goods based on RFID (Radio frequency Identifier) tagging of objects and goods with RFID technology position tracking Folie 13

11 Multimodal Applications Multimodal application Support for mobile workers Folie 14

12 Mobile Data Access and Mobile Collaboration WLAN Audio / Video content interaction Content Delivery Service Content PowerPoint slides images (JPEG) documents (PDF, DOC) Web pages application sharing Audio / Video LAN GPRS content (adapted) interaction content interaction Audio / Video (adaptiert) UMTS interaction: Chat Telepointer Whiteboard Notes Data Broadcast Service Audio/Video Mixer content (adapted) interaction Folie 15

13 What is Mobile Computing? Focus here on wireless communications! Two Main Aspects of Mobility: User mobility: Users communicate (wirelessly) anytime, anywhere, with anybody, at anycost. Device mobility: Enduser devices may be (wirelessly) connected anytime and anywhere to other devices or the network. Other Aspects of Mobility: Data mobility: Data may move anytime and anywhere from one node to another. Service / application mobility: Services and applications may move anytime and anywhere from one node to another. Folie 16

14 Supportive Trend: Mobile (wireless) Communication Role of a step maker: Mobile Telephony Will overtake fixed Internet and fixed network telephony Worldwide coverage also by satellite systems The wish for mobile (data) communications generates the need For integration of wireless networks and existing fixed networks, e.g in the local area: IEEE (WLAN), DECT and Bluetooth, in the wide area by GSM and UMTS Data transmission over GPRS, HSCSD and EDGE, UMTS In the Internet: Mobile IP-Extensions Goal: Transmission of voice, data, audio, video... Folie 17

15 Wireless Systems: Mobility, Range and Data Rate Folie 18

16 Supportive Trend: Mobile (wireless) Devices Pager Only reception Very small UI Textmessages Mobile Phones Speech, data Simple text-based UI Smart Phones Speech, data Graphical UI Small keyboards Smart Phones / PDA Graphical UI Hand writing Small keyboards Laptop Fully functionyl Standard applications Capabilities Folie 19

17 Summary: Mobile Computing Information anytime, anywhere Anytime any relevant information available worldwide Integration of wireless networks into existing wired infrastructures Usage of mobile computers Location-transparent work Similar work experience with mobile and fixed devices Exploration of new mobile services Folie 20

18 FUTURE TRENDS Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing Ambient Intelligence Context Awareness Folie 21

19 Future Trends Mobile Computing Wireless (voice and data) communication Mobile networks (short, mid, wide range) Mobile devices, mobile middleware Mobile ComputingParadigm : o Anyservice, at anyplace, at anytime, (at anycost) Ubiquitous Computing (on the way to Ambient Intelligence) Smart sensors / actuators, embedded devices Ad hoc networks, sensor networks, body area networks Smart applications: context / location awareness UbiquitousComputing Paradigm : o The right service, at the right place, at the right time, (at the right cost) Folie 22

20 special as well as embedded devices Folie 23

21 or even smaller sensors Folie 24

22 down to Smart Dust Folie 25

23 Supportive Development Smart Devices Folie 26

24 Supportive Development Material Science Light-emitting Polymers: Displays made of thin and highly flexible plastic foils Laser projection via glasses directly to the retina E-Ink and Smart Paper: Paper and Pencil are getting to be a real, highly mobile input and output media (e.g. electronic road map for the pocket) Folie 27

25 Pervasive Computing A billion people interacting with a million e- businesses through a trillion interconnected intelligent devices... [Lou Gerstner, IBM Chairman] Integration of computing technology into business processes (i.e. mobile devices, RFID) New application areas (mcommerce) Mobile business Folie 28

26 The Coming Age of Calm Technology What matters is not technology itself, but its relationship to us. [Mark Weiser, 1996] The Major Trends in Computing: 1. Mainframe Era - many people share a computer 2. Personal Computer Era - one computer, one person 2.5 Internet - Widespread Distributed Computing... transition to Ubiquitous Computing Era - many computers share each of us Folie 29

27 Ubiquitous Computing - Devices... only when things disappear in this way are we freed to use them without thinking and so to focus beyond them on new goals. [Mark Weiser, 1991] Small, sensor equipped devices Embedded into things of daily live Sense and react on the environment Things become smart Technology moves into background of users attention Focus on the task not the technology Folie 30

28 Ubiquitous Computing - Interconnection The real power of the concept comes not from any one of these devices; it emerges from the interaction of all of them [Mark Weiser] Interconnection of everything Each computing device is able to communicate Information exchange between devices Folie 31

29 Ambient Intelligence (AmI) A vision of the future where we are surrounded by electronic environments, sensitive and responsive to people Defined by the Advisory Group of the 6th Framework of the EU Related to ubiquitous and pervasive computing Goal is the intelligent interaction of the environment with the user Folie 32

30 Ambient Intelligence (AmI) 3 Main areas: Ambient Technology: basic technologies (materials, sensors, power supply, multi-modal i/o systems, adaptive software systems) Intelligence: intelligent processing of context and multi media data, natural interaction, emotional computing, privacy and trust Platforms: design, development and integration of service oriented architectures Research is: prototype-driven based on innovative concepts of software engineering like aspect and service orientation Folie 33

31 Supportive Development: Context Awareness Definition of Context: Any information that can be used to characterize the situation of an entity. An Entity is a person, place or object that is considered relevant [..] [concerning service usage.] (A.K.Dey: Understanding and using context ) Definition of Context Awareness: A system is context-aware if it uses context to provide relevant information and/or services to the user, where relevancy depends on the user s task. (A.K.Dey: Understanding and using context ) Location Awareness is specialization of Context Awareness. Folie 34

32 Ubiquitous Computing Value Chain Ref: M. Satyanarayanan: Pervasive Computing: Vision and Challenges. IEEE Personal Communications, Volume: 8, Issue: 4, 2001 Folie 35

33 Terminology Folie 36

34 The Way towards Ambient Intelligence Security, open standards Mobile Computing Wireless access Selt-configuration and Self-management Distributed sensors + actors Intelligent, pro-active behavior Ubiquitous Computing Disappearing Pervasive Computing Surrounding Intuitive, appealing user interfaces Ambient Intelligence Convenient, unobtrusive, situation adaptive Distributed Middleware 2015 Context perception and processing Informationanalysis & -description Late 80ies Wireless / mobile communicationinfrastructure Architectures, methods, tools and processes Folie 37

35 CHALLENGES Folie 38

36 Challenges for Realizing Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing Systems Technological challenges: Heterogeneity / interoperability of communications Heterogeneity / interoperability of programming platforms Restricted mobile devices capabilities: power consumption, memory, disk, limited interaction and UI capabilities, bandwidth restrictions Data management, disconnected work / synchronization Functions for rigth time and rigth place Mobile payment Customer satisfaction Usability Data security and safety, control Environmental facts: e.g. electro smog Folie 39

37 Challenges - Devices Heterogeneity and limitation of resources Energy, memory, processor speed Available peripheral devices Heterogeneity of input and output devices: Input: keyboard, numeric keyboard, pen, speech, Output: display size, color depth, resolution, built-in UI, Heterogeneity of software: Operating system Browser type and supported multimedia formats Heterogeneity of network connectivity: Supported bearer types Migration between different wireless networks Folie 40

38 Challenges - Connectivity WLAN Heterogeneity of network technologies Highly variable quality o Available bandwidth o Delay, jitter o Error rate o Cost Availability o Unstable connections o Limited coverage o -> Short and long term disconnections IP Backbone WMAN/UMTS/ GPRS WPAN Folie 41

39 Energy Consumption Communication consumes energy Computation consumes energy Unplugged energy sources are an enabler for mobility Limited energy Better energy source: energy aware communication energy aware computation Folie 42

40 Challenges Customer Satisfaction Usability Highly dynamic environment o mobility of users and devices (applications) o changes of devices and connection technology at runtime o sequential and parallel usage of different input and output devices Heterogeneity in user requirements o personalization o individualization Heterogeneous usage scenarios o different user tasks and roles o varying location Variability of input and output modalities New forms of interaction Folie 43

41 Challenges Security and Privacy Portable computers are more vulnerable to loss, damage or theft Changing domains of trust due to mobility Limitations for standard security concepts due to limited resources Wireless communication technologies are easier to attack Folie 44

42 OVERVIEW OF THE LECTURE Folie 45

43 Goals of this Lecture Understand the notion, challenges and solutions for Mobile Computing, Pervasive Computing, Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence Get a broad overview about technologies and research activities in these technologies Understand general scope of these applications Get in contact with research and industrial applications projects Build your own (first) mobile application! Folie 46

44 Topic Overview Enabling technologies and middleware concepts Aadaptive services and platforms Support mechanisms for mobile and ubiquitous computing Systems engineering and tools Folie 47

45 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Enabling Technologies 3. Mobile Internet 4. Communication Mechanisms 5. Adaptation Concepts: Connected & Disconnected Operations 6. Adaptation Concepts: Further Adaptation Mechanisms 7. Context Awareness 8. Location Based services 9. Service Discovery 10.Platforms 11.Mobile Databases 12.Peer to Peer 13.Outlook and Examination Preparation Lectures will be slightly adjusted during the term Folie 48

46 Network technologies (GSM, GPRS, UMTS, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wireless LAN, WiMAX) Devices (Laptop, PDA, Smart Phones) Folie 49

47 DHCP, Mobile IP Folie 50

48 Mobile TCP Folie 51

49 Mobile RPC, Mobile Code, Disconnected Operations, Weakly Connected Operations, Synchronization, Adaptation, Folie 52

50 Architectural Concepts Client Client Peer Peer Client Peer Client Server (Cluster) Peer Client Peer Client Peer Client Peer Folie 53

51 Related Lectures offered by Chair for Computer Networks Distributed Systems (Prof. Schill) Mobile Communication and Mobile Computing (Prof. Schill) Wireless Sensor Networks (Dr. Dargie) Practical Exercises: Development of mobile and distributed Systems (Dr. Springer) Folie 54

52 Organizational Details Lecture Winter 2009/2010, lecture 2/2/0-6 credits Integration into o CE Modul: Ubiquitous Information Systems o Informatik: Architektur verteilter Systeme o Medieninformatik: Systemarchitektur und -techniken Form of certification: examination: (Teilfachprüfung) certificate (Leistungsnachweis) Homepage index.php?node_id=1381&ln=en&vnummer=11%2006%2044 Slides will be available before the lecture at Homepage Any suggestions are always welcomed Thomas.Springer@tu-dresden.de Folie 55

53 Literature Jochen Schiller Mobile Communications / Mobilkommunikation Ivan Stojmeniovic Handbook of Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing Uwe Hansmann Pervasive Computing Handbook. The Mobile World. Andrew Tanenbaum Computer Networks, and other books James D. Solomon Mobile IP, the Internet unplugged Charles E. Perkins Ad-hoc networking Mühl, Fiege, Pietzuch - Distributed Event-Based Systems Finkenzeller RFID Handbook Schill, Springer - Verteilte Systeme: Grundlagen und Basistechnologien And tons of other books on specialized topics Papers, papers, papers, Folie 56

54 References George H. Forman, John Zahorjan: The Challenges of Mobile Computing. IEEE Computer, Volume 27, Issue 4, April 1994 M. Satyanarayanan: Pervasive Computing: Vision and Challenges. IEEE Personal Communications, Volume: 8, Issue: 4, 2001 Weiser, M., Brown, J. S.: The Coming Age of Calm Technology. Revised version of: Weiser & Brown. "Designing Calm Technology", PowerGrid Journal, v 1.01, (July 1996) Friedemann Mattern: State of the Art and Future Trends in Distributed Systems and Ubiquitous Computing. t.html Folie 57