What is next in wireless IoT?

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Cameron Davis
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1 Technology Week 2017 November 15 Taipei November 16 Hsin-Chu What is next in wireless IoT? Joerg Koepp Market Segment Manager IoT Rohde & Schwarz

2 Everything that will be benefit from being connected will be connected Ericsson, 2010 Technology week Taiwan November

Continuous growth of IoT connections (CAGR of 21%) 30% CAGR in wide-area connections due to new use cases 2016 5.

3 Continuous growth of IoT connections (CAGR of 21%) 30% CAGR in wide-area connections due to new use cases Billion Source: Ericssion Mobility Report Billion 1.5 Bn Cellular (2G/3G/4G/5G) 0.6 Bn Non-cellular (Sigfox, LoRa, etc.) 16 Bn PAN/LAN (Bluetooth, Wi-Fi,..) Technology week Taiwan November

4 Range Technologies for diverse IoT application, but no single technology for every use case Smart Cities Sigfox LoRa Weightless NB-IoT emtc ANT+ ZigBee Thread Z-Wave WI-SUN ah Cellular (2G/3G/4G/5G) Bluetooth Wi-Fi a/b/g/n (802.11ac/ax) Smart Homes Wearables NFC Automotive Data Rate Technology week Taiwan November

5 The year 2018, the year of the wireless IoT? Can Bluetooth 5 shake the smart home & smart building market? Will Wi-Fi get more from the IoT cake? Will Wi-Fi get more from What is next with Sigfox and LoRa? NB-IoT/LTE-M today, but what about the future? Technology week Taiwan November

Some Bluetooth History King Hagal Bjarkan

Haartsen who worked with a team of Ericsson

was named by the Eureopean Patent Office as

The idea for the Bluetooth name came from

6 Some Bluetooth History King Hagal Bjarkan (Bluetooth) Dr. Haartsen who worked with a team of Ericsson engineers to bring Bluetooth to the market was named by the Eureopean Patent Office as the "father of Bluetooth". The idea for the Bluetooth name came from Jim Kardach of Intel, who was reading a historical novel about Vikings and King Harald Blåtand at the time. (Courtesy: Intel Free Press) Technology week Taiwan November

7 Shipment of more than 5 Billion Bluetooth devices in 2021 Growth Areas: Smart Home/Buildings, Smart Lighting,. 5 M Industrial Wearables/Healthcare 4 M Automotive Smart/Connected Home 3 M Networking Mobile Devices 2 M PC & Perihperals Mobile Phones & Acc. 1 M Source: ABI Research Technology week Taiwan November

8 Bluetooth SIG tries to address the IoT market with dedicated features Gateway Connecting devices directly to the cloud Speed 100% improvement for low latency apps Mesh building mesh by using relay nodes 02/16 12/ /17 Range 4x range to cover a smart home or office Broadcast Extended capabilities of advertising channel 12/ / Technology week Taiwan November

9 Bluetooth 5: Doubling speed while still maintaining low-power consumption LE 1M (uncoded): Symbol rate: 1Msym/s Data rate <1Mbps Preamble 8 bits Access Address 32 bits PDU bits GFSK Modulation BT:0.5 Modulation Index: Nominal f = 250 khz f MIN > 185 khz f C + f f C f C - f f MIN+ time CRC 24 bits Transmit Spectrum mask -20 dbm -40 dbm -60 dbm NEW: LE 2M (uncoded): Symbol rate to 2 Msym/s Data rate: <2Mbps Preamble 16 bits Access Address 32 bits PDU bits GFSK Modulation BT:0.5 Modulatation Index: Nominal f = 500 khz f MIN > 370 khz f C + f f MINf C f MIN+ time CRC 24 bits Transmit spectrum mask -20 dbm -40 dbm -60 dbm f MINf C f C - f f C Technology week Taiwan November

Bluetooth 5: Quadrupling range FEC and Pattern mapping to introduce data redundancy LE 1M packet <1Mbps Rec. Sen.: -70 dbm LE coded packet S2 coded < 500kbps Rec. Sen.: -75 dbm S8 coded < 125 kbps Rec.

10 Bluetooth 5: Quadrupling range FEC and Pattern mapping to introduce data redundancy LE 1M packet <1Mbps Rec. Sen.: -70 dbm LE coded packet S2 coded < 500kbps Rec. Sen.: -75 dbm S8 coded < 125 kbps Rec. Sen.: -82 dbm Preamble 8 bits + Preamble 80 bits Preamble 80 symbols Preamble 80 symbols Access Address PDU 32 bits bits µs Access Address 32 bits CI 2 b Term1 3 bits FCC 1 Access Address 256 symbols CI 16 s Term1 24 s µs CRC 24 bits PDU symbols Term2 3 bits FEC Encoder non-systematic, non-recursive rate ½, constraint length K=4 Pattern Mapper 1 4 Access Address 256 symbols µs CI 16 s PDU bits Term1 24 s CRC 24 bits Pattern Mapper S=2: 1 1 S=8: 1 4 PDU symbols + CI: Coding indicator + Term1/2: FEC block termination CRC 48 symbols FCC 2 Term2 6 s CRC 192 symbols Term2 24 s Technology week Taiwan November

11 Bluetooth 5: 8 times broadcast capacity Using channels as secondary advertising channels Primary advertising channels are used for all advertising broadcasts use either the LE 1M or LE Coded PHY; packets can vary in length from 6 to 37 octets. Secondary advertising channels are introduced to offload data use any LE 1M, LE 2M or LE coded PHY; packets can vary in length 0 to 255 octets Primary Advertising Secondary Advertising Data Channels Technology week Taiwan November

Bluetooth LE Mesh suited for large-scale device networks R P F RELAY: Ability to receive & retransmit mesh messages over the advertising bearer PROXY:

those nodes LOW POWER: Ability to operate at significantly reduced receiver duty cycles in conjunction with FRIEND node Support of building automation

12 Bluetooth LE Mesh suited for large-scale device networks R P F RELAY: Ability to receive & retransmit mesh messages over the advertising bearer PROXY: Ability to receive & retransmit mesh messages between GATT and advertising bearers Friend: Ability to help LOW POWER nodes by storing messages destined for those nodes LOW POWER: Ability to operate at significantly reduced receiver duty cycles in conjunction with FRIEND node Support of building automation (lightening), sensor networks, asset tracking and other solutions where multiple devices need to communicate reliably and securely Technology week Taiwan November

Everyone and Everthing connected wirelessly a success

systems 50% 42% in 2016 6fold grow 63% 60% in 2016 of all

20% will be mobile. of Wi-Fi homespots from 85.

of total mobile data traffic will be offloaded through

13 Everyone and Everthing connected wirelessly a success story Wi-Fi was invented by NCR to be used for cashier systems 50% 42% in fold grow 63% 60% in 2016 of all IP traffic in 2021, will be Wi-Fi, 30% will be wired, and 20% will be mobile. of Wi-Fi homespots from 85.1 million in 2016 to million by of total mobile data traffic will be offloaded through Wi-Fi or femtocell in Source: Cisco VNI March 2017 Technology week Taiwan November

Wireless Alphabet Soup 50-60 GHz; 1.08 GHz; Beams 60 GHz; 2.16 GHz; Beams ad aj 60 GHz; 8.64 GHz; Beams ay Room/Desk Area Network 5 GHz; 80MHz; SU-MIMO 5 GHz; 160MHz; MU-MIMO ac 1 ac 2 1.

14 Wireless Alphabet Soup GHz; 1.08 GHz; Beams 60 GHz; 2.16 GHz; Beams ad aj 60 GHz; 8.64 GHz; Beams ay Room/Desk Area Network 5 GHz; 80MHz; SU-MIMO 5 GHz; 160MHz; MU-MIMO ac 1 ac GHz; 160MHz; OFDMA, MU-MIMO ax Home/Office Networks TVWS; 6,7,8 MHz af <1GHz; 1,2, (4,8,16) MHz ah M2M& IoT Networks 5.9 GHz; 10MHz p Vehicle Networks Technology week Taiwan November

15 Wi-Fi HaLow New technology will extend Wi-Fi solutions for the Internet of Things Wi-Fi Alliance (Jan.2016) Long range operation Low power consumption Large number of devices per access point High throughput compared to e.g. ZigBee Greenfield operation Sensor Networks Home Security Wearables Range extension Smart Metering Technology week Taiwan November

16 Data rate Longe range low speed low power Wi-Fi: ah Operates in sub 1 GHz license-exempt bands WLAN-2.4GHz (20 MHz Channel) 10-times down-clocked version of ac khz 20 MHz 56 SC 4 pilots < 1GHz (5 MHz Channel) khz Distance (LOS fresh air) 2 MHz 56 SC 4 pilots 1 MHz 26 SC 2 pilots Technology week Taiwan November

802.11ah: Modulation and Coding Schemes MSC Index Modulation Coding rate Coded Bits per SC Data rate for single spatial stream ( guard interval 8 µs) 1 MHz 2 MHz 4 MHz 8 MHz 16 MHz Long Range by

050 kbps 8 775 kbps 17 550 kbps 3 16-QAM 1/2 4 1 200 kbps 2 600 kbps 5 400 kbps 11 700 kbps 23 400 kbps 4 16-QAM 3/4 4 1 800 kbps 3 900 kbps 8 100 kbps 17 550 kbps 35 100 kbps 5 64-QAM 2/3 6 2 400

17 802.11ah: Modulation and Coding Schemes MSC Index Modulation Coding rate Coded Bits per SC Data rate for single spatial stream ( guard interval 8 µs) 1 MHz 2 MHz 4 MHz 8 MHz 16 MHz Long Range by repetition 6 bit 0 BPSK 1/ kbps 650 kbps kbps kbps kbps 1 QPSK 1/ kbps kbps kbps kbps kbps Coding: R=1/2 2 QPSK 3/ kbps kbps kbps kbps kbps 3 16-QAM 1/ kbps kbps kbps kbps kbps 4 16-QAM 3/ kbps kbps kbps kbps kbps 5 64-QAM 2/ kbps kbps kbps kbps kbps 6 64-QAM 3/ kbps kbps kbps kbps kbps 7 64-QAM 5/ kbps kbps kbps kbps kbps QAM 3/ kbps kbps kbps kbps kbps QAM 5/ kbps N/A kbps kbps kbps 10 BPSK 1/2 wi/ rep kbps N/A (only supported for 1 MHz Channel) Repetition Technology week Taiwan November

18 802.11ax: Requirements and application scenarios Large Office Stadium Mall/Airport Apartments IoT Enhance operation in 2.4 AND 5 GHz bands; backward compatible and coexist with legacy devices in the same band (11n/11ac) Increase average throughput per station in dense deployment scenarios Covering indoor AND outdoor scenarios Improve power efficiency of the stations Technology week Taiwan November

Technology building blocks Long OFDM Symbols Long Guard Interval 1024

2 µs OFDMA (DL/UL) Uplink Scheduling MU-MIMO UL/DL IoT optimizations

STA AP - Target Wait Time - 20 MHz-only clients - Please join TEC5

19 Technology building blocks Long OFDM Symbols Long Guard Interval 1024 QAM Dual Carrier Modul. 11ac 3.2 µs 0.8 µs 1.6 µs 11ax (12.8 µs) 3.2 µs OFDMA (DL/UL) Uplink Scheduling MU-MIMO UL/DL IoT optimizations AP STA1 STA2 STA3 Trigger MU PPDU MU PPDU MU PPDU MU ACK STA STA STA STA AP - Target Wait Time - 20 MHz-only clients - Please join TEC5 session (October 25, 11:00 am; Room T10) Technology week Taiwan November

2022 2023 Industrial Utilities Smart Buildings Smart Cities Agriculture Consumer Logistics http://www.optibee.

20 Low-power wide-area networks (LP-WAN) will enable applications which sense literally Everything Everywhere Anytime Forecast of Low Power WAN connected Devices 3 Bn 2 Bn 1 Bn 0 Bn Industrial Utilities Smart Buildings Smart Cities Agriculture Consumer Logistics Temperature Weight Movement Location Movement Technology week Taiwan November

21 LP-WAN technologies in ISM/SDR bands shaking the market Technique Ultra Narrow Band (UNB) Chirp Spread Spectrum DSSS RPMA Ultra Narrow Band (UNB) DSSS Narrow Band (NB) Modulation UL: DBPSK DL: GFSK Frequency Chirps UL:DBPSK DL:DBPSK UL:DBPSK DL: - 16-QAM. DBPSK GMSK, QPSK Channel BW (UpLink) ETSI: 100 Hz FCC: 600 Hz 125 khz 250 khz 500 khz 1 MHz 200 Hz 6/7/8 MHz 12.5 khz Band ISM/SDR < 1 GHz ISM/SDR < 1 GHz ISM/SDR 2.4 GHz ISM/SDR < 1 GHz TV white space MHz ISM/SDR < 1 GHz Driver Technology week Taiwan November

New Zealand Oman Portugal Singapore Slovakia Spain Taiwan Netherland Tripled the

22 Sigfox in numbers Present in 36 countries worldwide 17 nationwide networks Belgium Czech Republic Denmark France Italy Ireland Luxembourg Malta Mauritius New Zealand Oman Portugal Singapore Slovakia Spain Taiwan Netherland Tripled the surface in 2 years Mkm Mkm 2 Technology week Taiwan November

23 Status LoRa Technology week Taiwan November

LTE-M and NB-IoT taking off 2017 is becoming the year of large scale deployments around the world

Cat-M1 networks 14 New networks are planned using Cat-M1 or Cat-NB1 Infrastructure, chipsets,

released supporting only LTE-M 16 Modules released supporting both NB-IoT & LTE-M 12 chipsets

24 LTE-M and NB-IoT taking off 2017 is becoming the year of large scale deployments around the world 8 Operators have commercially launched Cat-NB1 networks 3 Operators have commercially launched Cat-M1 networks 14 New networks are planned using Cat-M1 or Cat-NB1 Infrastructure, chipsets, modules and devices are now available 14 Modules released supporting only NB-IoT 20 Modules released supporting only LTE-M 16 Modules released supporting both NB-IoT & LTE-M 12 chipsets /SOCs /processors supporting LTE-M, NB-IoT, or both See Technology week Taiwan November

25 Where are we today? 3GPP adresses the market especially with LTE-M and NB-IoT LTE (Cat-1 Cat-4) High performance Seamless mobility Global coverage LTE-M (Cat-M1) Low complexity Low power Moderate latency VoLTE support NB-IoT (Cat-NB1) Low complexity Extreme low power Delay tolerant High coverage Scaling up in performance and mobility Scaling down in complexity and power Technology week Taiwan November

NB-IoT improvements (enb-iot) to achieve even lower power consumption and to add some essential features Low power/low latency New UE category with max UL and max DL TBS of 2536 bits, optional

13 Single Cell point-to-multipoint (SC-PTM) feature with an maximum TBS value for NPDSCH of 2536 bits Number of devices Both anchor and up to 15 non-anchor carriers can be selected for paging and

26 NB-IoT improvements (enb-iot) to achieve even lower power consumption and to add some essential features Low power/low latency New UE category with max UL and max DL TBS of 2536 bits, optional support of two HARQ with TBS of 1352/1800 bits (UL/DL) New power class of 14 dbm Group messaging/updates Adoption of Rel.13 Single Cell point-to-multipoint (SC-PTM) feature with an maximum TBS value for NPDSCH of 2536 bits Number of devices Both anchor and up to 15 non-anchor carriers can be selected for paging and for random access Device positioning E-CID support OTDOA support based of specific narrowband positioning reference signal (NPRS) Mobility Connected mode mobility realized by RRC connection re-establishment triggered by radio link failure (RLF) Technology week Taiwan November

LTE-M improvements (FeMTC) to meet application requirements Mobility Intra-frequency and interfrequency measurements in enhanced coverage mode Group messaging/updates Adoption of Rel.

27 LTE-M improvements (FeMTC) to meet application requirements Mobility Intra-frequency and interfrequency measurements in enhanced coverage mode Group messaging/updates Adoption of Rel.13 Single Cell point-to-multipoint (SC-PTM) feature Higher data rate Max uplink TBS of 2984 bits (M1) New UE category (M2) with max TBS of 4008/6968 bits (UL/DL) and optionally support of 5 MHz 10 DL HARQ processes VoLTE support Optimized parameter for VoLTE like reduce DL repetitions, new repetition factors in CE and adjusted scheduling delays Device positioning E-CID support OTDOA support based on positioning reference signal (PRS) adapted for LTE-M (e.g. frequency hopping support ) Technology week Taiwan November

28 What can we expect next in massive machine type communication NB-IoT (fenb-iot) in Rel. 15 LTE-M (efemtc) in Rel. 15 Latency and power consumption reduction NPRACH reliability and range enhancements (100 km cell radius) Small cell support TDD support Private LTE networks for IoT with MulteFire 1.1 Latency and power consumption reduction Higher velocity (e.g. 200 km/h) Lower UE power class Improved spectral efficiency (e.g. 64 QAM) Load control improvements MulteFire is based on 3GPP (LAA/eLAA) with similar performance advantages but w/o anchor in the licensed band LAA (Rel. 13) Use of unlicensed spectrum for downlink communication elaa (Rel 14+) Use of unlicensed spectrum for uplink communication Technology week Taiwan November

29 Private LTE for business critical industrial IoT applications Private Dedicated (owned) equipment Independent network Stay in control (data privacy) Tailored Optimized for the purpose Specific QoS o QoE Simplified Wi-Fi like deployment Unlicensed spectrum Hosted or self-contained EPC; SON 2023: $118.5 B Technology week Taiwan November

30 But, can we connect already everything? What about.? Everything that will be benefit from being connected will be connected Ericsson, 2010 Remote surgery Remote driving Grid control Process control Traffic control Technology week Taiwan November

31 5G networks will enable the Internet of Things of the future Enhanced mobile broadband Mobility Very high data rate Very high capacity emtc Massive number of devices Reliability, resilience, security LTE-V NB-IoT Long battery lifetime Very low latency Massive machine type communications Ultra reliable & low latency communications Technology week Taiwan November

32 Teleprotection Switching Need for low latency and ultra high reliable communication Communication latency < 10 ms Communication reliability > % Reaction on power failures within five power cycles ( Hz) Processing & switching takes around 90 ms Distance adds at least 0.5 ms per 100 km Every hop adds processing, buffer, packetization etc. Technology week Taiwan November

33 Low latency communication Proximity Reduce signaling Improve speed Mobile Edge Computing Grant free access Code, Power,. frequence Short TTI 14 symbols 1 ms 7 symbols 0.5 ms 2 symbols 0.14 ms Mini slots 1 ms subframe Slot Mini-Slot (e.g. 2 symbols) Technology week Taiwan November

Highly reliable uplink communication @ low latency Separate network Reduce error rate Diversity Network Virtualization app specific slices Coordinated multipoint comm.

34 Highly reliable uplink low latency Separate network Reduce error rate Diversity Network Virtualization app specific slices Coordinated multipoint comm. Diversity in frequency and space u 1 x 1 u 2 u 3 u Robust coding + + Higher sub-carrier spacing subframe x 2 x 3 x 4 y 1 y 2 y 3 y 4 Polar code for short packets khz khz khz Robust to higher phase noise Technology week Taiwan November

4/5 MHz NB-IoT Cat-NB1, edrx, CE 200 khz enb-iot FeNB-IoT Cat-NB2 (TDD support) 200 khz 200 khz V2x

35 Cellular IoT we are just at the beginning of an exciting journey Rel. 13 Rel. 14 Rel. 15 Rel. 16 Rel. 17 emtc Cat-M1, edrx, CE FeMTC Cat-M2 efemtc 1.4 MHz/half-duplex 1.4/5 MHz 1.4/5 MHz NB-IoT Cat-NB1, edrx, CE 200 khz enb-iot FeNB-IoT Cat-NB2 (TDD support) 200 khz 200 khz V2x LTE-sidelink ev2x mmtc urllc MulteFire 1.0 MulteFire Technology week Taiwan November

36 The year 2018, the year of the wireless IoT!! Bluetooth 5 will potentially shake the smart home & smart building market! Wi-Fi get s ready for IoT with ah/ax! Will Wi-Fi get more from Continuous growth and further improvements on Sigfox and LoRa! Further optimizations for NB-IoT/LTE-M incl. MulteFire and URLLC next! Technology week Taiwan November

Testing the Internet of Things The main technologies &

Bluetooth WiFi ZigBee LPWAN 2G/3G/4G 5G Be ahead in

Development Design & validation (Pre)- conformance

37 Testing the Internet of Things The main technologies & applications in all phases of product lifecycle Bluetooth WiFi ZigBee LPWAN 2G/3G/4G 5G Be ahead in connecting everything Security Position Research & Development Design & validation (Pre)- conformance Production Deploy & operate Service & Repair Technology week Taiwan November

38 Be ahead in connecting everything Rohde & Schwarz your partner in testing the Internet of Things Technology week Taiwan November

Emerging communication technologies enabling the Internet of Things IoT system design challenges and testing solutions

Emerging communication technologies enabling the Internet of Things IoT system design challenges and testing solutions Feng XIE 谢丰 Market Segment Manager Smart Testing for a smart world COMPANY RESTRICTED