Microsoft Visual Basic 2015: Reloaded

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1 Microsoft Visual Basic 2015: Reloaded Sixth Edition Chapter Seven More on the Repetition Structure

2 Objectives After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Code a counter-controlled loop Nest repetition structures Calculate a periodic payment using the Financial.Pmt method Select the existing text in a text box Code the Enter and TextChanged event procedures for a text box Include a combo box in an interface 2

3 Objectives (cont'd.) Code the TextChanged event procedure for a combo box Store images in an image list control Display an image stored in an image list control Calculate the future value of an investment using the Financial.FV method (Programming Tutorial 2) 3

4 Counter-Controlled Loops Loops whose instructions must be processed a precise number of times are referred to as counter-controlled loops Figure 7-1: Example of a partial game program that uses a counter-controlled loop 4

5 The For Next Statement For...Next statement: processes a set of instructions a known number of times Is a pretest loop Counter-controlled loop: a loop whose processing is controlled by a counter Counter variable: used to keep track of the number of times the loop has been processed Startvalue, endvalue, and stepvalue items Control the number of times the loop is processed Must evaluate to numeric values Can be positive or negative 5

6 The For Next Statement (cont'd.) A negative stepvalue causes the loop counter to count down Flowchart symbol for the For...Next loop is a hexagon Values for the counter variable, startvalue, stepvalue, and endvalue are shown within the hexagon 6

7 The For Next Statement (cont'd.) Figure 7-2: How to use the For Next statement (continues) 7

8 The For Next Statement (cont'd.) Figure 7-2: How to use the For Next statement 8

9 The For Next Statement (cont'd.) Figure 7-3: Processing steps for the For Next statement in Example 1 in Figure 7-2 9

10 The For Next Statement (cont'd.) The Projected Sales Application 10 Figure 7-4: Problem specification, pseudocode, and flowchart for the Projected Sales application

11 The For Next Statement (cont'd.) Figure 7-5: Code and sample run for the Projected Sales application 11

12 The For Next Statement (cont'd.) Comparing the For...Next and Do...Loop Statements Figure 7-6: Comparison of the For Next and Do Loop statements 12

13 Nested Repetition Structures Repetition structures can be nested Can use pretest or posttest loops for outer loop and for inner (nested) loop A clock with minute and second hands demonstrates nested loops Second hand moves 60 positions minute hand moves 1 position 13

14 Nested Repetition Structures (cont'd.) Figure 7-7: Three versions of the logic used by a clock s minute and second hands 14

15 Nested Repetition Structures (cont'd.) Figure 7-8: Problem specification and pseudocode for the modified Projected Sales application 15

16 Nested Repetition Structures (cont'd.) Figure 7-9: Modified code and a sample run of the modified application (continues) 16

17 Nested Repetition Structures (cont'd.) Figure 7-9: Modified code and a sample run of the modified application 17

18 The Financial.Pmt Method Financial.Pmt method Calculates a periodic payment on a loan or investment Returns the periodic payment as a Double type value Rate and number of periods arguments must be expressed in the same units (monthly, annual, etc.) 18

19 The Financial.Pmt Method (cont'd.) Figure 7-10 Some of the methods defined in the Financial class 19

20 The Financial.Pmt Method (cont'd.) 20 Figure 7-11 How to use the Financial.PMT method

21 The Financial.Pmt Method (cont'd.) The Monthly Payment Application Figure 7-12: Problem specification, pseudocode, code, and sample run for the Monthly Payment application (continues) 21

22 The Financial.Pmt Method (cont'd.) Figure 7-12: Problem specification, pseudocode, code, and sample run for the Monthly Payment application 22

23 The Financial.Pmt Method (cont'd.) Selecting the Existing Text in a Text Box Figure 7-13: How to use the SelectAll method Figure 7-14: Code and result of processing the loantextbox_enter procedure 23

24 The Financial.Pmt Method (cont'd.) Figure 7-15: The result of entering a new loan amount 24

25 The Financial.Pmt Method (cont'd.) Coding the TextChanged Event Procedure A control s TextChanged event occurs when a change is made to the contents of the control s Text property Figure 7-16: Code and result of processing the loantextbox_textchanged procedure 25

26 The Financial.Pmt Method (cont'd.) Coding the SelectedValueChanged and SelectedIndexChanged Procedures Figure 7-17: termlistbox s SelectedIndexChanged and SelectedValueChanged procedures 26

27 The Financial.Pmt Method (cont'd.) Including a Combo Box in an Interface A combo box is similar to a list box in that it allows the user to select from a list of choices Unlike a list box, the full list of choices in a combo box can be hidden, allowing you to save space on the form Unlike a list box, a combo box contains a text field Depending on the style of the combo box, the text field may or may not be editable by the user The style is controlled by the combo box s DropDownStyle property, which can be set to Simple, DropDown (the default), or DropDownList 27

28 The Financial.Pmt Method (cont'd.) Figure 7-18: Combo box styles 28

29 The Financial.Pmt Method(cont'd.) To sort the items in the list portion of a combo box, you set the combo box s Sorted property to True As you can with a list box, you can use the String Collection Editor window to specify the combo box items during design time You can open the window by clicking Edit Items on the combo box s task list You can also click the ellipsis button in the Items property in the Properties list During run time, you use the Items collection s Add method to add an item to a combo box 29

30 The Financial.Pmt Method (cont'd.) 30 Figure 7-19: Code for the combo boxes in Figure 7-18

31 The Financial.Pmt Method (cont'd.) The SelectedItem property contains the value of the item selected in the list portion of the combo box, whereas the Text property contains the value that appears in the text portion You can use the Items collection s Count property to determine the number of items in the list portion of a combo box, like this: namecombobox.items.count You can use the Items collection s Clear method to clear the items from the list portion of the combo box, like this: namecombobox.items.clear() 31

32 The Financial.Pmt Method (cont'd.) Figure 7-20: Code and a sample run of the Monthly Payment application using a combo box (continues) 32

33 The Financial.Pmt Method (cont'd.) Figure 7-20: Code and a sample run of the Monthly Payment application using a combo box 33

34 Using an Image List Control You can use an image list control to store a collection of images You instantiate an image list control using the ImageList tool, which is located in the Components section of the toolbox An image list control appears in the component tray, not on the form The images stored in an image list control belong to the Images collection 34

35 Using an Image List Control (cont'd.) Figure 7-21: Jumping Pixel Man application 35

36 Using an Image List Control (cont'd.) Figure 7-22: How to add images to an image list control s Images collection 36

37 Using an Image List Control (cont'd.) Figure 7-23: How to refer to an image in the Images collection 37

38 Using an Image List Control (cont'd.) Figure 7-24: Code and a sample run of the Jumping Pixel Man application 38

39 Programming Tutorial 1 Figure 7-26: Completed Images Collection Editor window Figure 7-25: TOE chart and Main Form for the Slot Machine application 39 Figure 7-28: Sample runs of the application

40 Programming Tutorial 2 Figure 7-31: Pseudocode and memory locations for the calcbutton_click procedure Figure 7-32: How to use the Financial.FV method Figure 7-33: Savings account balances shown in the interface 40

41 Programming Example Figure 7-35: TOE Chart 41 Figure 7-36: MainForm and tab order

42 Summary You can use either the For Next statement or the Do Loop statement to code a pretest counter-controlled loop A variable declared in a For clause has block scope and can be used only within the body of the For Next statement The For clause s startvalue, stepvalue, and endvalue items can be positive or negative numbers, integer or non-integer Many programmers use a hexagon to represent the For clause in a flowchart For a nested loop to work correctly, it must be contained entirely within an outer loop 42

43 Summary (cont'd.) You can use the Financial.Pmt method to calculate a periodic payment on a loan and the Financial.FV method to calculate the future value of an investment It is customary in Windows applications to highlight (select) the existing text in a text box when the text box receives the focus A control s TextChanged event occurs when either the user or the application s code changes the contents of the control s Text property A list box s SelectedValueChanged and SelectedIndexChanged events occur when either the user or the application s code selects a different item in the list box 43

44 Summary (cont'd.) Combo boxes are similar to list boxes in that they allow the user to select from a list of choices Three styles of combo boxes are available and are specified in a combo box s DropDownStyle property You should use a label control to provide keyboard access to a combo box You use the Items collection s Add method to add an item to a combo box during run time. You can use the SelectedIndex, SelectedItem, or Text property to select the default item in a combo box 44

45 Summary (cont'd.) The number of items in the list portion of a combo box is stored in the Items collection s Count property You can use the Sorted property to sort the items listed in a combo box You can use the Items collection s Clear method to clear the items from the list portion of a combo box A combo box s SelectedItem property contains the value of the item selected in the list portion of the combo box A combo box s TextChanged event occurs when the user either selects an item in the list portion or types a value in the text portion 45

46 Summary (cont'd.) The images stored in an image list control belong to the Images collection You access an image in the Images collection using the collection s Item property along with the index of the image you want to access You use the Images collection s Count property to determine the number of images in the collection You need to use another control, such as a picture box, to display an image contained in an image list control 46

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