Ethics in Research Publications

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2 Library Access for Success: Ethics in Research Publications Webinar Series by the Webinar Feed 5 the of 5 Future Innovation November 28, Lab 2018 for Livestock Systems Presented by: Feed the Future August Innovation 15, 2018Lab for Livestock Systems

3 Webinar #4 part B Additional Agriculture related Internet Repositories and Databases

4 Agriculture related Internet sites AGRIS CGIAR Library IOWA State Digital Library Contents UF George A. Smathers Libraries: Agriculture Statistics USAIN Review of generic Internet sites that would be useful for agriculture related searches (covered in Webinar 3)

5 AGRIS link to worldwide agriculture information The International System for Agricultural Science and Technology (AGRIS) is a multilingual bibliographic database that connects users a collection of research and worldwide technical information on food and agriculture. Maintained by FAO, it offers 9,549,442 bibliographic records produced by more than 400 data providers (research centers, academic institutions, publishers, governmental bodies, development programmes, international and national organizations) from 144 countries. Contains keyword search with option to add filters.

6 Note the search options Search in AGRIS, Refine your search, Get bibliographic data and Access a resource.

7 Results: 102 resources in the AGRIS database.

8 CGIAR Library: an open access repository of official documents, publications and communication materials produced by CGIAR (Consortium of International Agricultural Resource Centers). Contains a keyword search tool.

9 To complete a keyword search in CGIAR, click on the three horizontal bars icon.

10 Note the Search box at the bottom of this page.

11 Results: 501 resources in the CGIAR open access repository.

12 Iowa State University Digital Library: contains numerous agriculture related documents including thesis and dissertations, journal articles and conference proceedings. Access is via keyword searching or browsing publications lists of research departments. lib.dr.iastate.edu/

13 The Search box drop down menu has an option to search multiple repositories.

14 Results: 409 resources in the ISU Digital Repository.

15 University of Florida resource for: Agricultural Statistics including several that are freely accessible

16 Contains annotated list of agriculture related resources for users in developing countries.

17 Exercise 1 Keyword Searches using Agriculture Databases/Repositories Open AGRIS complete a keyword search of interest to you. What is the number of citations and what type of material is available? Would the resources listed be useful? Open CGIAR complete the same search. What is the number of citations? Open one of the full text links. Open Iowa State Digital Library - lib.dr.iastate.edu/ - and complete the same search. How many resources and what type of material is available? Would the resources listed be useful?

18 Contents continued Review of generic Internet sites that would be useful for agriculture related searches (covered in Webinar 3)

19 Google Scholar provides access to scholarly literature including peer-reviewed papers, theses, books, abstracts and articles, from academic publishers, professional societies, preprint repositories, universities and other scholarly organizations.

20 Displayed is the Search page of DOAJ - the gateway to almost 10,000 OA journals and 1.7 million articles. Note the access via Subject, Journal Language and Journal Country plus a keyword search tool.

21 DOAJ results: 31 citations.

22 PubMed Central PubMed Central (PMC) is an archive of articles that have been deposited in this free repository. Over 5.2 million articles are available. Access is via journal A- Z listing and keyword searches for articles are entered into the PMC search box.

23 Note the access to the Article (HTML) and PDF versions of the article.

24 Open i is an Open Access Biomedical Image Search Engine supported by the U.S. National Library of Medicine Limits for searches include Rank by, Image Type, Subsets, Collections, License Type and Specialties.

25 Displayed are the high protein forage search results. By clicking on the image, the text information is displayed. To download, right click on the mouse or keypad and save or copy image.

26 In Google, type non- governmental Organizations Search Engine. Resources for students, faculty, researchers and officials. Results of high protein forage and dairy production and developing countries search.

27 In Google, type intergovernmental Organizations Search Engine. Resources for students, faculty, researchers and officials. Results of high protein forage and dairy production and developing countries search.

28 The WorldWideScience.org is a global science gateway comprised of 99 national and international scientific databases and portals.

29 Displayed is the search page of the Networked Digital Library of Thesis and Dissertations (NDLTD) search page. Note the Advanced search tips. Database has over 5,400,000 documents.

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31 Results: 92 thesis/dissertation. Note the keyword list.

32 OpenDOAR is a directory of over 2600 academic open access repositories. Click on Search for repositories access page.

33 Displayed is the Search for Repositories page. Note the Subject Area search tool.

34 Displayed is the CORE search tool an aggregator for accessing open access material.

35 Now displayed are the results for HIV and pregnancy. Note the links to Languages and Repositories listings. Note the huge number of articles found. The first two listed are relevant.

36 Exercise 2 Keyword Searches using Tools Open Directory of Open Access Journals ( complete a keyword search of interest to you. What is the number of citations and are they useful? Open PubMed Central ( complete the same search. What is the number of citations? Open one of the full text links. Open NDLTH search tool (search.ndltd.org) and complete the same search. How many thesis and dissertations are available? Would the resources listed be useful? Repeat search with other tools.

37 Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) & Science Good research is ethical research Presented by: Michelle Leonard Associate University Librarian Instruction Coordinator Ethics Education Marston Science Library

38 About me. Hired in 2004, awarded tenure & promotion in Research librarian & instruction coordinator Teach a 1 credit Honors course: FUNdamentals of Research Integrity In 2010, served as PI on an NSF grant to develop an online game: Gaming Against Plagiarism Co-authored a monograph and an article on various topics of RCR Conducted over 40 workshops on UF Co-chair of the UF campus RCR task force Member of the UF Academic Integrity Task Force

39 Session goals: Understand the research project management lifecycle Identify the 9 components of RCR Explore the concepts of research misconduct (FFP) Analyze and avoid research misconduct Reporting steps Final thoughts

40 Research project management lifecycle Soderberg, OSF 2017

41 RCR defined: ANIMAL RESOURCES RCR is defined as the practice of scientific investigation with integrity. It involves the awareness and application of established professional norms and ethical principles in the performance of all activities related to scientific research. NOT-OD

42 Think about it Q: As a scientist or researcher, to whom do you have responsibilities? A: own conscience; colleagues; profession; employer; institution; general public; the environment (Borenstein & Plemmons, ORI 2017)

43 What is research misconduct? a) Fabrication of data: making up data or results and recording or reporting on them. b) Falsification of data: manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record. c) Plagiarism: appropriation of another persons ideas, processes, results or words without giving appropriate credit. *Does not include honest error or differences of opinion Federal Policy on research misconduct Research misconduct.

44 Think about it.. Q: How do you define data? A: Data can include measurements, facts, or observations, and are facts/information for making decisions. Q: List some examples of data. A: qualitative or quantitative results, microscope slides, climate patterns, software algorithms, computer simulations, creative works, observations, photographs, videotapes, musical scores, materials created in a laboratory. (adapted Fisher & Partin, 2017)

45 Fabrication of data. Retractionwatch.com

46 Falsification of data. Retractionwatch.com

47 What does data misconduct look like?

48 /RIandImages/guidelines/list.html

49 Think about it Why keep a lab notebook? To have a complete record of the work you have done and to maintain your rights to your findings. To prove that you did the work, and on what date -- especially if your work is novel, article-worthy, or potentially patentable. To leave a trail for someone who may be interested in completing your work. To serve multiple audiences: yourself, your colleagues, your funding sources.

50 Best practices for lab notebook Follow the cultures & practices in your lab Keep a separate notebook for each project Record procedures, data, and ideas immediately Review Good Lab Practice from agencies or disciplines Use electronic lab notebooks

51 Think about it.top reasons why people plagiarize are: Not interested in the assignment Lack of time to complete an assignment Not comfortable/knowledgeable with the topic Do not know the rules for citing properly

52 Plagiarism 1. Stealing 2. Misquoting 3. Insufficient paraphrasing 4. Patchwriting 5. Self plagiarism

53 Plagiarism. Retractionwatch.com Retractionwatch.com

54 Preempting discord Pre-nup for scientists include: What are the scientific issues, goals, and anticipated outcomes or products of the collaboration? When is the project over? Are all members of the research team on the same wavelength regarding these issues? What are the expected contributions of each participant?

55 Examples of concerns to report Academic fraud Accounting/audit irregularities Computer misuse/security Employee relations Fraud Grant misconduct Scientific misconduct (based on UF Office of Compliance)

56 Requirements for findings of research misconduct? a) There be a significant departure from accepted practices of the relevant research community; and b) The misconduct be committed intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly; and c) The allegation be proven by a preponderance of the evidence. Federal Policy for findings on research misconduct

57 Worldwide support

58 You suspect research misconduct. Now what? Communicate: informal Communicate & document: formal Supervisor PI Institution Granting Agency or Publisher

59 Final thoughts.. Understand the research project management lifecycle Recognize the types of research misconduct. Always be honest, transparent, and keep thorough records. Don t be afraid to speak up. It s your obligation to do so. Create your own pre-nup for scientists.

60 Good research is ethical research Good science is ethical science Thank you! Michelle Leonard

61 LIBRARY ACCESS FOR SUCCESS: FINDING LITERATURE FOR LIVESTOCK RESEARCH Google: Livestock Lab 1. Introduction to Research4life Programs 2. Accessing & Searching AGORA for Research Literature 3. Search Strategies for Successful Literature Reviews 4. How to Store Your References & Content 5. Ethics in Research Publications

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