al Joural o Recet ad Iovatio Treds i Computig ad Commuicatio ISSN: 221-8169 A Modified Multibad U Shaped ad Microcotroller Shaped Fractal Atea Shweta Goyal 1, Yogedra Kumar Katiyar 2 1 M.tech Scholar, 2 Associate Professor Regioal College for Educatio research & Techology Abstract- The aim of this paper is to describes the desigs of a like structures like A modified Multibad U shaped[9] ad microcotroller shaped[10] with the help of IED simulatio software. Fractal geometry is a methodology through which size reductio is achieved. The fractal geometry geerates multiple or ehacig badwidth[5]. This paper describes the simulatio of iteratios of ateas ad performs the characteristics of these ateas. ***** I. Itroductio To covert electric power ito the radio waves atea is used. Ateas are geerally used with the help of a radio trasmitter or radio receiver. Lastly, telecommuicatio systems require atea with wider badwidth ad with smaller dimesio tha other formally possible ateas. This has iitiated atea research i various directios, oe of which is by usig fractal shaped atea elemets. There is importat relatio betwee atea dimesio ad wavelegth that is, if the size of a atea is less tha λ/4 the atea is ot high-octae because gai,badwidth ad radiatio resistace is reduced ad to get overcome from these limitatios the atea size is icreased, which agai is a problem for had held devices. Fractal geometry is a very good solutio for this problem. A fractal is a recursively geerated object havig a fractioal dimesio. The demad of fractal ateas for multibad ateas is discussed i [,4,5].Most of the desig have various characterstics: like ifiite complexity etc. I this paper extesio of microcotroller shape ad U shaped fractal patch ateas are preseted. 1.Desig of microcotroller shaped fractal atea Size reductio is oe of the vital advatages of fractal atea [7,8,10]. Mikowski fractal geometry algorithm is used as show i figure 1. removig three squares from right side of the patch, this microcotroller Shape patch is formed. By applyig further iteratios self similar structures ca be made. Iitially rectagle patch is take havig dimesios of 7mm by 9.8 mm usig FR-4 as substrate of thickess 1.6 mm as show i table 1. By applyig differet iteratios of fractal geometry self-similar structures as show i figure ad 4 are obtaied[10].the rectagular patch havig dimesio 7 mm by 9.8 mm is take as show i figure 2 ad coaxial feed has bee give[10]. Feed poit has bee chose i such a way that impedace matchig take place at that poit. Fig 2: Basic Rectagular Geometry Now patch obtaied i figure ca get by usig cocept of fractal geometry. Vertical legth of 9.8 mm is divided ito 7 parts, each of legth 1.4 mm. Square cuts of 1.4 mm legth to right sides ad left sides of the rectagle show i figure. Fig 1:Mikowski fractal geometry Fig.First iteratio Mikowski algorithm has bee applied to the rectagle as show i figure 2. By dividig legth ito 7 parts ad Similarly, same algorithm is applied to obtai the ext iteratio. Two squares of 1 mm o the remaiig three parts 252
al Joural o Recet ad Iovatio Treds i Computig ad Commuicatio ISSN: 221-8169 of the both side patch are removed. Feed poit is beig take the both eds of the U shape of first iteratio with the L/ as x= -1.5, y= 4.6 ad z=0. The results so obtaied i figure legth ad W- width of first iteratio of U shape show i 4. From this, it is uderstood that the shape repeats figure 9. Same procedure is repeated for the fial iteratio. itself[9].like this alikeprocedure is also applied for iteratio third ad fial iteratio which is the extesio of microcotroller shaped fractal atea[10]. Figure 7:Basic rectagular geometry Fig 4.Secod iteratio Figure:8 First iteratio Fig 5.Third iteratio II. Fig6.Fial iteratio Desig of A modified multibad U shape fractal atea Figure:9 Secod itratio I this work, for the desigig of A modified multibad U shape fractal patch atea[9], rectagular patch is take of the size of legth ad width 12mm ad 15mm respectively shape patch has take iside the geometry ad the other parts are removed from the geometry. The feed poit is take at the dimesio of (-4.925,7.4) from the cetre poit of the patch i all iteratios. For the first iteratio, U shape patch has take iside the rectagular patch; the first iteratio with geometrical represetatio is show i figure 8. For the secod iteratio, two U shape patches has cut at Figure:10 Fial iteratio 25
al Joural o Recet ad Iovatio Treds i Computig ad Commuicatio ISSN: 221-8169 III. Results ad Discussio 2. 1 st Fr 1 =12.4-29.5 7.24% 1.069 Fractal geometry cosists of self-similar structures. Geerally the utilizatio of fractal geometries i atea. 2 d F r1 =12.4-18.17 8.0% 1.28 teds to miiaturize their physical sizes ad produce multibad respose i their resoatig characteristics [4]. F r2 =14.6-14.58.41% 1.45 FR-4 has bee used as substrate with a thickess 1.6 mm. I Microcotroller shaped fractal atea by takig rectagle 4. rd F r1 =12.2-25.79 7.92% 1.259 patch dimesio of 7 mm by 9.8 mm atea resoates at 4 8.75 GHz, ad 1.5 GHz with retur loss of -16.66 db, ad -14.84 db respectively. Differet iteratios of fractal Fial F r1 =8.20-16.74 1.4% 1.41 geometries have bee applied oe by oe o rectagle patch 5. 4 ad results are aalyzed as show i table 2. Various figures 11,12,1,14,15 shows retur loss Vs frequecy graphs ad F r2 =12.4-21.28 8.68% 1.189 radiatio patters for differet fractal iteratios. I first iteratio, two squares of legth 1.4 mm have bee cut to form E-Shape patch which was show i figure. This cause atea to resoates at 12.4 GHz with -29.5 db. I the 2d iteratio of E-Shape patch, two squares of legth 1.4 mm have bee cut out from the left side to the E-Shape patch as show i figure 4.This causes atea to resoates at 12.4GHz ad 14.6GHz with retur loss -18.17dB ad - 14.58 db. I third iteratio atea resoates at 12.24GHz with retur loss-25.79db. I Fial iteratio atea resoates at 8.204GHz,12.4GHz ad 14.6GHz with retur loss-18.74db,21.28db ad -17.54 db respectively.similarly i A modified multibad U shaped fractal atea by takig rectagle patch dimesio of 12mm by 15mm atea resoates at 7.91GHz ad 8.95GHz with retur loss -14.2dB ad -19.29dB. Differet iteratios of fractal geometries have bee applied oe by oe o rectagle patch ad results are aalyzed as show i table 2. Various figures 16,17,18,19 shows retur loss Vs frequecy graphs ad radiatio patters for differet fractal iteratios. I first iteratio two bads occurs at 9.0GHz ad 14.7GHz with retur loss-2.65db ad -12.9dB.for secod iteratio three bads are occurs at 9.48 GHz,10.7 GHz ad 15.9 GHz with retur loss-21.db,-20.5db ad -16.51dB.For Fial iteratio four bads are occurs at 8.84 GHz,9.85 GHz,11.07 GHz ad 15. GHz with retur loss -11.5 db,- 2.99 db,-22.18 db ad -1.72 db respectively. Table I Results of Microcotroller shape atea S. No Shape Resoa t Freq. Retur Loss Badwidt h VSW R. (GHz) (db) 1. Base Shape F r1 =8.75-16.66 9.0% 1.45 F r =14.6-17.54.4% 1.06 Table II Results of Modified multibad U shape atea S. No Shape Resoa t Freq. Retur Loss Badwidt h VSW R. (GHz) (db) 1. Base Shape F r1 =7.91-14.2 2.02% 1.484 2. 1 st. 2 d 4. Fial F r2 =8.95-19.29 2.2% 1.24 Fr 1 =9.0-2.65 5.7% 1.141 F r2-12.9.12% 1.62 =14.7 Fr 1 =9.48-21. 5.80% 1.188 F r2 =10.7-20.5 4.9% 1.208 F r =15. 9-16.51 7.08% 1.51 F r1 =8.84-11.5 2.26% 1.725 F r2 =9.85-2.99.04% 1.15 F r =11.0 7 F r4 =15. -22.18 9.57% 1.169-1.72 4.6% 1.519 F r2 =1. 5 14.84 7.48% 1.442 254
al Joural o Recet ad Iovatio Treds i Computig ad Commuicatio ISSN: 221-8169 Fig 11. Base iteratio Fig16.Base iteratio Fig 12. First iteratio Fig17.First iteratio Fig 1. Secod iteratio Fig18.Secod iteratio Fig14.Third iteratio Fig19.Fial iteratio Coclusio Microcotroller shaped fractal atea ad A modified multibad U shaped fractal atea ca be used for X ad Ku frequecy bad. This work ca be exteded if we apply more iteratios o microcotroller fractal atea so that the size of atea ca be reduced. Refereces Fig15.fial iteratio [1] Yadav Ajay, Chauha Bhadrasheela, Jai Aachal, 2012. Microstrip Symmetrical E-Shape Patch Atea for the Wireless Commuicatio Systems, IJETAE 255
al Joural o Recet ad Iovatio Treds i Computig ad Commuicatio ISSN: 221-8169 al Joural of Emergig Techology ad Advace Egieerig, Vol. 2, Issue 12, pp 241-244. [2] Oraizi Homayoo, Hedayati Shahram, 2012. Miiaturizatio of Microstrip Ateas by the Novel Applicatio of the Giuseppe Peao Fractal Geometrices, IEEE Trasactios o Ateas ad Propagatio, Vol.60, No.8, pp 559-567. [] Zheg Shufeg, Yi Yigzeg, Fa Ju, Yag Xi, Li Biao, Liu Weixig, 2012. Aalysis of Miiature Frequecy Selective Surfaces Based o Fractal Atea Filter Atea Arrays, IEEE Ateas ad Wireless Propagatio Letters, Vol. 11, pp 240-24. [4] Che Yikai, Yag Shiwe ad Nie Zaipig, 2010. Badwidth Ehacemet Method for Low Profile E- Shaped Microstrip Patch Ateas, IEEE Trasactios o Ateas ad Propagatio, Vol. 58, No. 7, pp 2442-2447. [5] Douglas H. Werer ad Suma Gagul A Overview' of Fractal Atea Egieerig Research IEEE Ateas ad Propagatio Magazie, Vol. 45, NO. I, February 2000, PP8-57 [6] J. Giavitorio ad Y. Rahmat Fractal ateas: a ovel atea miiaturizatio techique ad applicatios, IEEE Ateas ad Propagatio Magazie, vol. 44, No. 1, February 2002 [7] Ravi Kat, Pawa Sigh, D. C. Dhubkarya Performace of H-Shaped Microstrip Atea usig IED 2009 al Coferece o ELECTRO. [8] K M Luk, R Chair ad K F Lee, Small rectagular patch atea, Electroics Letters, vol. 4, 1998, pp. 266-267. [9] Nikhar Trivedi, Ashwaee Kumar Sigh, 201 Behaviour of U & E Shape Multibad Fractal Patch Atea al coferece o Commuicatio ad Sigal Processig, pp 541-544. [10] Shweta Goyal,Yogedra Kumar Katiyar Microcotroller shaped fractal Atea usig IED,al Joural of Egieerig ad Techical Research, Volume 5,Issue August 2016 pp.65-67. 256