Keywords Software Architecture, Object-oriented metrics, Reliability, Reusability, Coupling evaluator, Cohesion, efficiency

Transcription

1 Volume 3, Issue 9, September 2013 ISSN: X Iteratioal Joural of Advaced Research i Computer Sciece ad Software Egieerig Research Paper Available olie at: Couplig Evaluator to Ehace the Software Architecture Reliability ad Efficiecy usig Object Orieted Metrics Gomathi. S * Iformatio ad Computer Techologies Sri Krisha Arts ad Sciece College Bharathiyar Uiversity, Coimbatore, Idia Edith Lida. P School of IT & Sciece Dr. G. R. Damodara college of Sciece Bharathiyar Uiversity, Coimbatore, Idia Abstract A Object-orieted desig metrics is essetial for measurig the software complexity, size estimatio, quality ad project efforts while buildig Software architecture ad Software applicatio developmet. The mai focus is o the structure of the system ad how the idividual packages ad classes are related. Couplig plays a importat role for idetify the relatioship betwee the classes ad attributes i the software architecture. The mai aim of this paper is to measure the efficiecy of software architecture usig metrics ad also to outlie the key ways to maitai software reliability ad reusability usig Object-Orieted cocepts. A special couplig Evaluator is developed to measure those parameters. This research work measures the parameters such as fields, methods, classes, costructors ad packages to measure the efficiecy of the software ad relate the Object-orieted metrics i Software Architecture to improve the reusability ad reliability. Keywords Software Architecture, Object-orieted metrics, Reliability, Reusability, Couplig evaluator, Cohesio, efficiecy I. INTRODUCTION Software architecture is the structures of the system, which cosist of software elemets, the exterally visible properties of these elemets, ad the relatioships amog them [8]. I other words it ca also commoly defie i terms of structural elemets ad relatioships [1, 2]. Object-Orieted desig is more beeficial ad plays a importat role i software developmet eviromet ad object orieted desig metrics which measures the importat parameters of a object orieted programs is a essetial feature to measure software quality [3]. Object-Orieted programmig laguage cotais all the properties ad quality of software that is related to ay large or small project [12]. May researchers studied all possible ways to maitai software quality ad developed object- Orieted programmig i part to address commo problems by strogly emphasizig discrete, reusable uits of programmig logic [3]. Object-orieted programmig is a effective approach that is capable to classify the problem i terms of object ad it may provide may paybacks o reliability, adaptability, reusability ad decompositio for future modificatio [4]. Metrics are the importat ad critical source of iformatio through which a software developer takes a decisio for desigig good, effective ad reliable software [11]. Developig a applicatio usig Object-Orieted programmig will improve software productivity, reusability ad flexibility of software systems [4, 6]. II. LITERATURE REVIEW AmjaShaik, C. R. K. Reddy, A. Damodaram [1] highlighted the classificatio of metrics like software quality metrics ad the object-orieted metrics or all the software quality metrics like the HALSTEAD metrics, size metrics, quality metrics ad all the object orieted metrics which are proposed from 90 s like CK metrics, Moose Metrics, QMOOD Metrics, GQM, MOOSE, EMOOSE ad maitai the compariso table through which we ca easily aalyse the differece betwee all the object-orieted metrics. Shamugasudaram [13] argues that couplig betwee two classes should be multi-faceted rather tha beig a sigular relatio. I other words, there should be may aspects take ito accout whe measurig the couplig relatioship betwee classes withi a system. Deepak, K. Pooja, T. Alpika, S.Sharma [9] idetify eightee distict aspects of couplig with each focusig o a differet type of relatioship. These relatioships are fier-graied tha previous approaches where they ted to oly pay attetio to method-method, classmethod, class-attribute, etc. III. SELECTED PARAMETERS May parameters are measured ad from that the followig four parameters are selected ad aalysed. The selected couplig metrics are tabulated i table 1. A. Method Ivocatio Couplig (MIC) It is defied as the relative umber of classes that receive the message from the particular class [10]. Modularity of classes is iversely proportioal to couplig betwee those classes [9]. View Poits: The umber of methods ivoked implies the program reliability ad efficiecy [13]. The methods ivoked should be miimum i umber so as to maitai the system throughput. 2013, IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved Page 1282

2 Gomathi et al., Iteratioal Joural of Advaced Research i Computer Sciece ad Software Egieerig 3(9), MIC = j=1 MI i, Where MI i Methods Ivoked from other class. B. Data Abstractio Couplig (DAC) It provides the ability to create user-defied data types called Abstract Data Types [2]. This type of couplig is ot caused by iheritace. This metric is efficietly used to measure the efficiecy of object orieted programs [10]. View Poits: The higher the DAC, the more complex the data structure (classes) of the system. Thus the lower abstractio couplig will reduce the complexity. DAC = i=1 OCa (Where i is the umber of classes), Where OCa Other Class Attributes TABLE I SELECTED METRICS PARAMETERS [1,6] Metric Types Use Rage Couplig Iheritac e MIC, DAC, NOCO IH-ICP Efficiecy ad reliability Reusability ad Efficiecy C. Number of Couplig (NOCO) Couplig idicates the relatioship or iterdepedecy betwee modules. For Example, object X is coupled to object Y if ad oly if X seds a message to Y that meas the umber of collaboratio betwee classes or the umber of messages passed betwee objects [4]. Couplig is a measure of itercoectig amog modules i a software structure. View Poits: Loosely coupled system is more reliable [9]. Thus the object orieted programs with loosely coupled class will be more reliable [5]. NOCO = i=1 OCa + j=1 MC e + MC I + j=1 MI i, Where MI i Methods Ivoked from other class, MC e Methods call to exteral class, MC I Methods of its ow class, OCa Other Class Attributes. D. Iheritace Iformatio Flow Based Couplig (IH-ICP) The iformatio-flow-based couplig (IH-ICP) metric which expresses the umber of method ivocatios i a class C, of methods i class D, weighted by the umber of parameters of the ivoked Methods [13]. I precise IH-ICP Cout the umber of argumets i the callig method. View Poits: The cout of umber of argumets will i tur yield the object orieted program more reliable [5]. The low umber of argumets called will result i high reliability. IH-ICP = m=1 ACam (where m is the methods), Where ACam Argumets of Callig Method IV. PROPOSED FRAMEWORK Iput Jar file for CE Jar File CE Egie Class Loader Couplig Extractor (CE) Evaluate MIC, DAC, NOCO, IH-ICP Extracted classes Text File Coupligs Results Fig. 1 Proposed Framework for Couplig Evaluator 2013, IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved Page 1283

3 Gomathi et al., Iteratioal Joural of Advaced Research i Computer Sciece ad Software Egieerig 3(9), The proposed framework is amed as Couplig Evaluator (CE) which is depicted i Fig 1. The framework has bee partitioed ito three phase. Each phase will perform some uique ad importat task. A. Iput Phase This is the iitial phase which is used to get iput from the user. Programmer should give the jar file as iput. Java Achieve (JAR) file is a collectio of text, images, packages ad class files of java. A JAR file is essetially a zip file that cotais a optioal META-INF directory. But jar file caot be measured directly. It must be extracted ito idividual class files. Jar files of variable size ca give as iput ito Couplig Evaluator. B. Processig Phase This is the secod level of extractio. Oce a jar file is accepted, the file will be set to Couplig Evaluator Egie where the egie will separate the jar file ito idividual class files. That class files will be loaded ito class loader i order to evaluate the parameters (MIC, DAC, NOCO ad IH-ICP). C. Result Phase The measured class will be displayed i the text file which shows the umber of DAC, NOCO, IH-ICP ad MIC measures of idividual class. Through the result we ca aalyse. V. APPLYING OBJECT ORIENTED METRICS IN SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE The four parameters are applied i the implemetatio phase of software architecture view where we ca predict the quality i earlier stage. OBJECT ORIENTED METRICS: MIC, DAC, NOCO, IH-ICP LOGICAL VIEW ACTOR: END-USER ROLE: Fuctioality IMPLEMENTATION VIEW ACTOR: PROGRAMMERS ROLE: Software Maagemet SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE VIEW PROCESS VIEW SPECIALIST: SYSTEM INTEGRATORS ROLE: Performace, Scalability, throughput DEPLOYMENT VIEW SPECIALIST: SYSTEM ENGINEER ROLE: System topology, Delivery Istallatio, Commuicatio Fig.2 Applyig metrics i Software Architecture The detailed explaatio of Fig 2 is explaied below A. Logical View The logical view gives the user a view of how project is structured ad orgaized. The logical view is cocered with the fuctioality that the system provides to ed-users [7]. B. Implemetatio View The implemetatio view deals with the dyamic aspects of the system, explais the system processes ad how they commuicate, ad focuses o the rutime behavior of the system. The implemetatio view addresses cocurrecy, distributio, itegrators, performace, ad scalability, etc., The metrics are aalyzed i this view usig Couplig Evaluator [8]. C. Process View The process view deals with the dyamic aspects of the system, explais the system processes ad how they commuicate, ad focuses o the rutime behaviour of the system. The process view addresses cocurrecy, distributio, itegrators, performace, ad scalability, etc [6]. D. Deploymet View The deploymet view illustrates a system from a programmer's perspective ad is cocered with software maagemet [2]. 2013, IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved Page 1284

4 Gomathi et al., Iteratioal Joural of Advaced Research i Computer Sciece ad Software Egieerig 3(9), VI. DESIGN ALGORITHM Algorithm - Couplig Evaluator (CE) (1) Task: To measure the relatioship betwee methods of a jar file (2) Iput: Jar file with variable size (3) Output: The Measured value of DAC, MIC, NOCO ad IH-ICP (4) Begi (5) Termiologies: MC Methods called MI Methods Ivoked MI i Methods Ivoked from other class MC e Methods call to exteral class MC I Methods of its ow class OCa Other Class Attributes ACam Argumets of Callig Method (6) Calculate Method Ivocatio Couplig MIC = j=1 MI i (7) Calculate Data Abstractio Couplig DAC = i=1 OCa (Where i is the umber of classes) (8) Calculate Iformatio Flow based Couplig ICP = m=1 ACam (where m is the methods) (9) Calculate Number Of Coupligs NOCO = i=1 OCa + j=1 MC e + MC I + j=1 MI i The measured parameters are tabulated i a text file (10) Ed VII. RESULTS Here the parameters measured are 1) MIC Method Ivocatio Couplig 2) DAC Data Abstractio Couplig 3) NOCO Number of COuplig 4) IH-ICP Iheritace Iformatio flow based Couplig File Name : JEdit.jar Size : 114K Source : No of classes : 46 TABLE III RESULT TABLE OF JEDIT CLASS NAME MIC DAC NOCO IH-ICP istaller.cbzip2iputstream istaller.cbzip2outputstream$ istaller.cbzip2outputstream$stackelem istaller.cbzip2outputstream istaller.crc istaller.cosoleistall istaller.cosoleprogress istaller.istall istaller.istallthread istaller.ivalidheaderexceptio istaller.noiteractiveistall istaller.operatigsystem$halfaos istaller.operatigsystem$macos istaller.operatigsystem$ostask istaller.operatigsystem$uix$mapageostask istaller.operatigsystem$uix$scriptostask istaller.operatigsystem$uix istaller.operatigsystem$vms istaller.operatigsystem$widows$jeditlaucherostask istaller.operatigsystem$widows istaller.operatigsystem istaller.serverkiller istaller.swigistall$actiohadler istaller.swigistall$choosedirectory$ istaller.swigistall$choosedirectory$actiohadler , IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved Page 1285

5 Gomathi et al., Iteratioal Joural of Advaced Research i Computer Sciece ad Software Egieerig 3(9), istaller.swigistall$choosedirectory istaller.swigistall$dirverifier$ istaller.swigistall$dirverifier$ istaller.swigistall$dirverifier istaller.swigistall$selectcompoets istaller.swigistall$swigprogress$ istaller.swigistall$swigprogress$ istaller.swigistall$swigprogress$ istaller.swigistall$swigprogress$ istaller.swigistall$swigprogress$ istaller.swigistall$swigprogress istaller.swigistall$textpael istaller.swigistall$widowhadler istaller.swigistall$wizardlayout istaller.swigistall istaller.tarbuffer istaller.taretry istaller.tarheader istaller.tariputstream$etryadapter istaller.tariputstream istaller.taroutputstream The measured parameters for JEdit.jar are tabulated above. The classes are listed ad the idividual parameters measures are displayed i parallel. Fig.3 Chart for MIC From fig 3 it is clear that all the classes are withi the rage of MIC.Thus o eed to reprogram the classes for MIC. Fig. 4 Chart for DAC The fig 4 has show that all the classes are withi the rage of DAC.Thus o eed to reprogram the classes for DAC Fig. 5 Chart for NOCO From fig 5 it is clear that 54% of classes are above 100 that is approximately 25 classes are above the NOCO rage. Thus those classes must be reprogram. 2013, IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved Page 1286

6 Gomathi et al., Iteratioal Joural of Advaced Research i Computer Sciece ad Software Egieerig 3(9), Fig. 6 Chart for IH-ICP The fig 6 has show that 11% of the classes are above the rage 50, i.e., 5 classes are above the prescribed rage of IH- ICP. Thus the classes must be reprogram. VIII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK Couplig Evaluator is proposed ad implemeted i this paper for maitaiig the reliability of object orieted programmig i software architecture. Couplig plays a very importat role i order to determie the reliability, maitaiability, efficiecy ad cosistecy of a system or software which is deployed with a object orieted program. The classes are built as jar file for future use. Thus a jar file will be take as a iput ad the file will be extracted as idividual class files. The parameters DAC, MIC, NOCO ad IH-ICP are measured usig the Couplig Evaluator. A special algorithm ad framework has bee executed to calculate those parameters values. After the executio of the process a text file will be geerated to show the measuremet of the each parameter for idividual classes i the give Jar file. Thus the extractor is efficietly used to measure the couplig parameters ad to prove that couplig is oe of the most importat parameter to maitai the object orieted system. The future work is to measure cohesio metrics ad to geerate the results i Excel ad PDF format. REFERENCES [1] AmjaShaik, C. R. K. Reddy, A. Damodaram 2010 Statistical Aalysis for Object Orieted Desig Software Security Metrics Iteratioal Joural of Egieerig Sciece ad Techology Vol. 2(5, ), [2] Arisholm Erik, Briad Lioel C ad Foye Audu, Dyamic Couplig Measuremet for Object-Orieted Software, IEEE Trasactio Software Egieerig, 30(8), pp , [3] Aru Sharma et al., "Estimatio of Quality for Software Compoets a Empirical Approach", SIGSOFT Software Egieerig Notes Volume 33 Numbers 6 November [4] Basiya J ad Davis C, A Hierarchical Model for Object-Orieted Desig Quality Assessmet, IEEE Trasactio Software Egieerig, 28(1), pp. 4-17, [5] C.S.Atole & K.V.Kale, Assessmet of package cohesio & Couplig priciples for predictig the quality of object orieted desig, Proc. 1 st Iteratioal coferece o digital Iformatio Maagemet, Bagalore, Idia, pp. 1-5 Dec [6] C. Neelamega, Dr. M. Puithavalli, A Survey- Object Orieted quality metrics, Global joural of Computer Sc. Ad Techology, Vol 9, o 4, [7] C.Neelamegam, M. Puithavali, A survey o object orieted quality metrics, Global joural of computer sciece ad techologies, pp , [8] C.Ujhazi, R. Ferec, D. Poshyvayk, ad T. Gyimothy. New coceptual couplig ad cohesio metrics for object-orieted systems. I 10 th IEEEWorkig Coferece o Source Code Aalysis ad Maipulatio (SCAM 10), Los Alamitos, CA, USA, 2010 [9] Deepak, K. Pooja, T. Alpika, S.Sharma, Software quality estimatio through object orieted desig metrics, IJCSNS Iteratioal joural of computer sciece ad etwork security, april 2011, pp [10] Dr B.R. Sastry, M.V. Vijaya Saradhi, Impact of software metrics o Object Orieted Software Developmet life cycle, Iteratioal Joural of Egieerig Sciece ad Techology, Vol 2 (2), pg 67-76, [11] Dr. Rakesh kumar, Gurvider Kaur, Comparig complexity i accordace with object orieted metrics, Iteratioal joural of computer applicatios, pp 42-45, [12] Giliae Redolfi et al., "A Referece Model for Reusable Compoets Descriptio", Proceedigs of the 38th Hawaii Iteratioal Coferece o System Scieces, [13] G. Shamugasudaram, et al., Reusability Metrics-A Evolutio based Study o Object Orieted System, Compoet based System ad Service Orieted System, Joural of Computig, Volume 3, Issue 9, ISSN ,September , IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved Page 1287