EKT 450 Mobile Communication System Chapter 1: Introduction to Mobile Communication System Prof Dr. Sabira Khatun, Dr. Muzammil Jusoh, Dr. Norsuhaida Ahmad School of Computer and Communication Engineering 1
Course Outcomes (CO) Ability to identify important components and functions of a mobile communication system. Ability to explain, evaluate and compare the differences in characteristics and areas of applications between different types of mobile communication systems. Ability to apply and analyze the issues in mobile communication system. Ability to identify and describe the latest techniques and standards in mobile communication system. 2
Course Assessments Examination : 70% Test(s) : 10% Final Exam : 60% Course work : 30% Mini Project : 20% Assignments/Quizzes : 10% 3
Text Books / References Theodore S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications Principles and Practice, Prentice Hall, 2002. David Tse and Pramod Viswanath, Fundamentals of Wireless Communications, Cambridge Press, 2005. Andrea Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, Cambridge University Press, 2005. Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia: http://www.skmm.gov.my Tharek Abd Rahman, Mobile Communication System, Lecture Notes, Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik, Universiti Teknologi M sia. 4
The Electronics Boom! Figure 1.1 The growth of mobile telephony as compared with other popular inventions of the 20 th century. 5
Radio Frequency Spectrum Frequenc y Wavelength 6
Mobile Radio Telephony in the U.S. 7
Mobile Radio Telephony in Malaysia 8
IMT-2000 or 3G in Malaysia 9
IMT-2000 3G - the third generation of mobile telecommunications technology. 3G telecommunication networks support services that provide an information transfer rate of at least 200 kbit/s. Later 3G releases (often denoted 3.5G and 3.75G), also provide mobile broadband access of several Mbit/s to smartphones and mobile modems in laptop computers. Application in wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV. Use services and networks that comply with the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) specifications by the International Telecommunication Union. 10
World Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) in Malaysia 11
Mobile Radio Systems Around the World 12
Mobile Radio Systems Around the World 13
Mobile Radio Systems Around the World 14
Mobile Communication Systems Pagers Walkie Talkie Cellular Telephone Radio Taxi Analogue (1G) [ NMT450,NMT900, TACS, AMPS etc] Types Mobile Radio Digital (2G & 3G) [GSM900, GSM1800,GSM19000, DAMPS, PDC, IS 95 and IMT2000] Cellular Radio 15
Wireless Communication Systems 16
Example of Wireless Communication Systems Paging Systems Systems that send brief messages (called page ) to a subscriber via paging system access number. Paging system transmits the page throughout the service area using base stations which broadcast the page using radio carrier. Paging systems are designed to provide reliable communication to subscribers wherever they are. Why do paging system need to : use large transmitter power? provide low data rates? How does a low data rate lead to better coverage? solution 17
Wide Area Paging System 18
Example of Wireless Communication Systems Cordless Telephone Systems Full duplex system. Modern cordless telephones are sometimes combined with paging receiver subscriber is paged and respond to the page using the cordless phone. 19
Example of Wireless Communication Systems Cellular Telephone Systems Provides a wireless connection to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) for any user location within the radio range of the system. Accommodate large number of users + large geographic area within limited frequency spectrum. How to increase capacity? smaller geographic area called cell. How to deal with limited frequency spectrum? frequency reuse. Switching technique between cells handoff. 20
Cellular System 21
Cellular System Basic Entities Mobile Stations Transceiver Antenna Control circuitry Moves at pedestrian or vehicle speed Base Stations Several transmitters and receivers Tower that supports several transmitting and receiving antennas Link between all mobile users and the MSC Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) Connects mobiles to Public Switching Telephone Network (PSTN) Coordinates activities of all BS Controls billing and system maintenance functions. 22
Comparison of Mobile Communication Systems 23
Comparison of Mobile Communication Systems 24
Problem 1 solution Qualitatively describe how the power supply requirements differ between: a) Mobile and portable cellular phones? b) Pocket pagers and cordless phones? How does coverage range impact battery life in a mobile radio system? 25
Problem 2 solution Assume a 1 Amp-hour battery is used on a cellular telephone. Also assume that the cellular telephone draws 35mA in idle mode and 250 ma during a call. How long would the phone work (what is the battery life) if the user leaves the phone on continually and has: a) 3-minute call everyday? b) 3-minute call every 6 hours? c) 3-minute call every hours? d) What is the maximum talk time available? 26
Modern Wireless Communication Systems Figure 2.1 Growth of cellular telephone subscribers throughout the world. 27
2G Cellular Networks Figure 2.2 Worldwide subscriber base as a function of cellular technology in late 2001. 28
2G Cellular Networks 29
From 2G to 3G Figure 2.3 Various upgrade paths for 2G technologies. 30
From 2G to 3G 31
Third Generation (3G) Wireless Networks 32
Evolution of Cellular Systems 80 s 90 s 2000 s 1 G Analog AMPS,NMT, TACS etc 2 G Digital GSM900,GSM1800, DAMPS,PDC,IS95, etc 3 G IMT-2000 Frequency Band: Application: 450MHz 800MHz 900MHz 800MHZ 900MHZ 1500MHz 1800MHz 1900MHz 2.5G GPRS 2000MHz Voice Voice & Low Data Rate Multimedia 33
Evolution of Cellular Systems 3G GSM/UMTS (WCDMA) CDMA2000 GPRS 1G NMT 2G D-AMPS TACS AMPS IS.95 GSM PDC Additional wireless access technologies: BlueTooth WLAN WiMAX 34
Evolution of Cellular Systems 35
Applications 1G 2G 3G Analog : You could only easily use analogue cellular to make voice calls, and typically only in one country. Digital mobile phone systems added fax, data and messaging capabilities as well as voice telephone services in many countries. Multimedia services add high speed data transfer to mobile devices, allowing new video, audio and other applications through mobile phones allowing music and television and the Internet to be accessed through a mobile terminal. 36
3G Concept Satellite Pedestrian "Macro" Cell "Micro Cell In-Building "Pico" Cell Multimedia Services High Quality Global Roaming Backward Compatibility Anywhere, Anytime, Anyone 37
Figure 2.4 Example of the emerging applications and markets for broadband services. (Courtesy of Harris Corporation, 1999, all rights reserved.) 38
Broadband Wireless Spectrum Figure 2.5 Allocation of broadband wireless spectrum throughout the world. (Courtesy of Ray W. Nettleton and reproduced by permission of Formus Communications.) 39
Received Power in Clear Sky Figure 2.8 Measured received power levels over a 605 m 38 GHz fixed wireless link in clear sky, rain, and hail. 40
Received Power during Storm Figure 2.9 Measured received power during rain storm at 38 GHz [from [Xu00], IEEE]. 41
Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) Figure 2.10 Overview of the IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN standard. 42
WLAN Products Figure 2.11 Photographs of popular 802.11b WLAN equipment. Access points and a client card are shown on left, and PCMCIA Client card is shown on right. (Courtesy of Cisco Systems, Inc.) 43
WLAN Coverage (3 Access Points) Figure 2.13 A predicted coverage plot for three access points in a modern large lecture hall. (Courtesy of Wireless Valley Communications, Inc., 2000, all rights reserved.) 44
WLAN Coverage Predictions Figure 2.15 A typical neighborhood where high speed license free WLAN service from the street might be contemplated [Dur98b]. Figure 2.16 Measured values of path loss using a street-mounted lamp-post transmitter at 5.8 GHz, for various types of customer premise antenna [from [Dur98], IEEE]. 45
Bluetooth and Personal Area Networks (PANs) 46
Personal Area Network (PAN) Figure 2.17 Example of a Personal Area Network (PAN) as provided by the Bluetooth standard. 47