Technology Briefing Information Systems Software TB2-1
Learning Objectives TB2-2
Learning Objectives TB2-3
Key IS Software Components Software o Programs o Sets of instructions o Allow the hardware components in the computer system to communicate Two basic types: o Systems Software/Operating System o Application Software TB2-4
Systems Software Controls the basic operations of computer hardware Common functions: Booting Reading programs into memory Managing program and file storage Maintaining the structure of directories Formatting disks Controlling the computer monitor Sending documents to the printer TB2-5
Operating System Coordinates: o peripherals o application software o users Also used in embedded devices Written in assembly language Performs day-to-day operations TB2-6
The OS Acts as a Manager TB2-7
Interfaces: Command vs. GUI Provided by operating system Interface Types: o Command-based interface o Menu interface list of options o Graphical user interface (GUI) TB2-8
Graphical User Interface Examples: o Windows Vista o Mac OS X TB2-9
Common Operating Systems TB2-10
Utility Programs Manage computer resources and files Examples: obackup odata compression oantivirus omedia players TB2-11
Learning Objectives TB2-12
Application Software For performing specific user tasks o Writing a business letter o Processing payroll Two Types o Customized (proprietary) software Developed specifically by or for a particular organization o Commercial software Purchased off the shelf TB2-13
Customized Application Software Software developed in-house Advantages: o Customizability A kiosk in a retail store to help shoppers o Problem specificity the company pays only for specific features Unique types of required reports TB2-14
Off-the-Shelf Application Software A.K.A. packaged software Support common business processes Advantages: o Less costly o Faster to produce o Higher quality o Less risky Customized and off-the-shelf applications can be combined TB2-15
Examples of IS Application Software TB2-16
Productivity Software Word Processor o MS Word, OpenOffice Writer Spreadsheet o MS Excel, OpenOffice Calc Database management o MS Access, OpenOffice BASE Presentation Software o MS PowerPoint, OpenOffice Impress TB2-17
Productivity Software (II) Email o MS Outlook, Mozilla Thunderbird Web browser o MS Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox Chat o MS Live Messenger, Yahoo! Messenger Calendar and contact management o Lotus Notes, MS Outlook TB2-18
Open-Source Software Source code is freely available for o use and/or o modification Examples: o Operating systems Linux o Web browsers Firefox o Secure connection standard OpenSSL o Personal productivity software OpenOffice TB2-19
OSI Certification Author of source code cannot collect royalties Source code accessible to users Modifications under original name allowed No one denied access to program Rights attached to program must not depend on it being part of a particular software distribution Software cannot place restrictions on other software that is distributed with it TB2-20
Learning Objectives TB2-21
Programming Language Used to write application programs Examples: o BASIC o C/C++ o COBOL o HTML o Java Program code must be translated into machine language TB2-22
Compilers and Interpreters Software designed to translate programming languages into machine code Compilers convert entire program source code at once Programs are compiled before being sold to customers TB2-23
Interpreters Interpreter reads, translates and executes one line of source code at a time during operation Each statement is converted and executed on the fly TB2-24
Programming Languages Generations of Programming Languages o 1GL (1940s) machine language (binary) o 2GL (1950s) symbolic languages o 3GL (Mid 1950s) English-like words o 4GL (1970s) Outcome oriented o 5GL Natural languages TB2-25
Fourth-Generation Languages Outcome-oriented language Example: SQL TB2-26
Fifth Generation Languages Called natural languages Communication in true English Used with artificial intelligence (AI) Example: TB2-27
Object-Oriented Languages High-level programming languages Event-driven Key features: oobjects oencapsulation oinheritance TB2-28
Visual Languages Visual Languages odesigned for programming applications that will have a GUI TB2-29
Web Development Languages Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) o Specifies format of web pages o Uses tags TB2-30
HTML Example Find a webpage you like View the source Examine code TB2-31
HTML Source Code TB2-32
Adding Dynamic Content to a Webpage HTML used for layout To add dynamic content, additional tools are needed o Java o Microsoft.NET o Web services o Scripting languages o Open-source tools o Macromedia flash TB2-33
Java and Microsoft.NET Java o Developed by Sun Microsystems in early 1990s o Used for dynamic content o Applets Microsoft.NET o Can be used on a variety of platforms and devices o Family of Languages C# VB.NET etc. TB2-34
Web Services Web-based software systems o Integrate different applications o Aggregate content o Use XML Create markup tags Build database queries TB2-35
Advantages of Web Services Interoperability between different applications on different operating systems Integration and sharing of software and services from different companies Reuse of components Easily distributed TB2-36
Scripting Languages Scripts run directly in HTML Often used to check accuracy of information entered Common scripting languages: o VBScript o JavaScript Created by Netscape Cross-platform Different from Java TB2-37
Open-Source Tools PHP o Produce dynamic Web content MySQL Multiuser DBMS Over 6 million customers TB2-38
Macromedia Flash Macromedia Flash oanimation and video o Displayed using the Adobe Flash player ocan be data-driven Web services TB2-39
Automated Development Environments Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) o Used to design and implement systems o Automate activities throughout systems development process E.g., design screen prototypes, generate code o Reduces errors TB2-40
Example: Use of Case Tools High-level system design diagram TB2-41
Automated Development Environments Types of CASE Tools o Diagramming tools o Screen and report generators o Analysis tools o Repository o Documentation generators o Code generators TB2-42