Session: Low/No Cost Solutions Through BAS Saving Energy and Reducing Costs Through Better Use of Building Automation Systems Mark M. Duszynski Johnson Controls Federal Systems August 9, 2016 Rhode Island Convention Center Providence, Rhode Island
Simple controls changes and better use of Building Automation Systems can save significant energy! PNNL developed and conducted re tuning training Re tuning = systematic process to identify and correct building operational problems that lead to excess energy use Changes to control sequences in the BAS at no cost other than the labor required to perform the re tuning process Included small, low cost repairs, such as replacing faulty sensors PNNL documented and analyzed trend data ~70 buildings where the field training sessions were held An additional 30 buildings where JCI helped implement re tuning Almost all buildings had the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption (5% to 30%) by making simple changes to the control systems 2
The results from the PNNL study as well as a Meta Analysis of over 100 other studies are very clear The distribution of effective re tuning measures is consistent across all categories of buildings 3
Retuning controls systems and the proper operation of BAS is the best investment Federal managers can make Annual energy savings ranged between 2% to 26%, with a median savings of 15% Annual normalized cost savings ranged between 0.0$/sf to 0.6$/sf, with a median savings of 0.12$/sf Note: If all re tuning measures identified were implemented, the savings could have been even larger. 4
Almost EVERY building has potential retuning and BAS optimization strategies No discharge temperature reset No static pressure reset Lack proper schedule for exhaust fans during warm-up Lack proper schedule for AHUs & lack schedules for fans No chilled water temperature reset Lack occupancy based controls for common areas No Chilled water differential pressure reset No hot water temperature reset Improper mininum outdoor air setting during warm-up Faulty sensors No photo sensors or improper location Improper dead bands Improper heating/cooling set points No night set backs Lack automatic lighting controls No hot water differential pressure reset 65% 65% 50% 50% 45% 40% 30% 30% 30% 30% 25% 25% 25% 20% 15% 15% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Building [%] 5
A few examples of control changes and other measures that can pay off big Rethinking Scheduling into an Overall Occupancy Strategy Match equipment operating schedules to occupancy schedules Use occupancy detection sensors (for both HVAC and lighting) Reset Control Prevents equipment from running at max capacity when not needed Releasing Overrides Make sure all systems are operating in auto mode Recommissioning Re establish operating parameters to original design status (if appropriate) Identify and fix broken components (e.g. stuck valves and dampers) 6
Key lessons learned from the PNNL study Many commercial and institutional (includes Federal) buildings have an array of operational problems Trained building operators can optimize facilities if empowered No Cost/Low Cost measures can yield energy savings of 5 20% The human factor is a real issue in realizing these benefits in practice In the long run, building automation systems are the key to persistence of optimal building operations http://retuning.org http://retuningtraining.labworks.org 7
Effective implementation of No Cost/Low Cost solutions occurs in several areas BAS and Controls Systems Maintenance Systems Verification Sensor Calibration Database Back up Additional Supplemental Services Operator Training and Technical Support Remote Monitoring Technology Upgrades Software Applications Cyber security Staff Evaluations and Assignments Significant synergies can be realized if implementation occurs simultaneously in all areas 8
What is Systems Verification? Systems Verification = A thorough check of all control sequences and BAS points associated with a piece of equipment Central cooling/heating plants Air handlers Packaged units VAV systems and terminal units Non HVAC systems What to check for? Point communications End device response is the damper moving? Does the economizer work? Are the sequences still appropriate for the way the building is being used today? Is the system generating excessive alarms? Is it an indicator of an equipment problem, or should thresholds be adjusted? These checks can help identify the common issues that waste energy doing them routinely helps ensure persistence of building operations optimization. 9
Why is Systems Verification important? Why? Value 72% of issues found in retro commissioning are in operations and controls Energy saving opportunities Maintains productive environments Identifies energy efficiency opportunities Helps reduce future repairs and extends equipment life 10
Why calibrate sensors? Why? Value Sensor error is a top cause of operational energy waste Sensor error can also affect comfort and ability to meet load 30% of buildings in the PNNL study had faulty sensors Maintain productive environments reduce occupant complaints Potential energy savings Better information for decision making and analytics Source: Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance, Common Opportunities: Top 5 Sensor Error 11
How often should sensors be calibrated? Critical control sensors have the biggest impact on overall energy waste and should be calibrated 2x/year Other sensors should be calibrated 1x/year Critical Sensors: Mixed air temperature Return air temperature Outside air temperature Supply air temperature Chilled water temperature Hot water temperature Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Source: Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance, Common Opportunities: Top 5 Sensor Error 12
Why database backups are critical 13
Operator Training and Technical Support 14
Remote Monitoring Why? What? Value Alert onsite personnel to issues Troubleshooting assistance from trained building operators 24/7 monitoring by UL/Factory Mutual certified remote operations center Notification of issues per customerdefined plan Optional troubleshooting and system reviews Peace of mind Minimizes risk of downtime and system failures 15
Remote Monitoring Connected Services Value Trusted Service 24/7 monitoring Proactive information and notification Daily service dashboard Connected Equipment 5000+ Chillers Connected 3000+ Rooftops Connected 65 Million records per day Preventative Maintenance Faster Repair Time Higher / Differentiated Quality Customer Loyalty 67% drop in outage time 65% faster to bring back online 11% drop in warranty claims, 31% drop in cost 16
Why update building automation technology? New technology can improve productivity, environmental control and energy efficiency IT and security enhancements to keep pace with ever changing standards Upgrading/updating software is one of five key security countermeasures recommended by the Department of Homeland Security Control Systems Security Program 17
Operational efficiency through the User Experience 18
Intuitive user interfaces based on how users actually work Space based navigation Relationship based displays and interactive reports 19
Device-agnostic, mobile-optimized systems One seamless experience. No software installed on the client device 20
Regular evaluations of in house staff are essential Do they have the skills and training to execute the key maintenance activities? Do you have the required processes in place? Do they have the time and privilege of focus to execute the key maintenance activities? Are there areas where you could supplement their expertise with outside additional services? Compare your utility and staffing budgets It s likely an investment in staff (people and training) would produce an equivalent or greater reduction in your utility spend 21
Consider potential partners & contracted services Do they have the processes, capacity and skilled personnel to execute the key maintenance activities? Can they tailor a maintenance program to meet your facility s specific needs? Can they work with your staff to share responsibilities? Can they provide supplemental services such as technical support, onsite training and remote monitoring? What is their record on safety and customer satisfaction? 22
Create a BAS maintenance and optimization plan and execute it diligently Identify which building systems will be reviewed and at what frequency Systems that serve critical areas may need more frequent checks Determine which activities you will do in house and which you will partner with an external supplier to perform Document, track and manage 23
Summary Most buildings regardless of age, size or type have building automation and control issues that waste energy Performing the key BAS maintenance activities system verification, sensor calibrations and database backups will reduce energy waste and create more productive environments Procuring additional services remote monitoring, onsite training and technical support can enhance operator productivity Regular BAS technology upgrades improve systems performance and reduce cybersecurity risks Evaluating your staff s capabilities and creating a plan for implementing these No Cost/Low Cost measures will pay big dividends! mark.m.duszynski@jci.com 24