Shanti Pless, LEED AP NREL, Commercial Buildings Research Group Tom Hootman, AIA, LEED AP BD+C RNL, Director of Sustainability
WHO IS PURSUING NET ZERO ENERGY?
1 1 1 2 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 New Buildings Institute Getting to Zero 2012 Status Update: A First Look at the Costs and Features of Zero Energy Commercial Buildings (March 2012)
1 1 1 2 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 New Buildings Institute Getting to Zero 2012 Status Update: A First Look at the Costs and Features of Zero Energy Commercial Buildings (March 2012)
1 1 1 2 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 New Buildings Institute Getting to Zero 2012 Status Update: A First Look at the Costs and Features of Zero Energy Commercial Buildings (March 2012)
California PUC 2030 Massachusetts 2030 Federal / EISA 2030 ASHRAE Vision 2020 2030 Challenge Living Building Challenge
13 1K-5K 11 19 5 5K-10K 10K-25K 25K-50K New Buildings Institute Getting to Zero 2012 Status Update: A First Look at the Costs and Features of Zero Energy Commercial Buildings (March 2012) 8 4 50K-100K >100K
NREL RESEARCH SUPPORT FACILITY NREL RESEARCH SUPPORT FACILITY II SMUD CAMPUS OPERATIONS SINGAPORE CASE STUDY
DOE / NREL: Client Haselden Construction: General Contractor RNL: Architecture, Interiors, Landscape, Lighting Stantec: MEP Engineering, Energy Modeling KL&A: Structural Engineering Martin/Martin: Civil Engineering AEC: LEED, Daylight Modeling, Commissioning Namaste Solar: Solar Consultant
Federal Office Building 222,000 SF 822 Occupants $64M Firm Fixed Price $57.4M Construction Complete June 2010
Project objectives Absolute energy target Risk / reward / control balance Substantiation Incentive award fee
I want a green building Design a LEED <rating> building Design a building to use 30% less energy than ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Design a building to use less than 25,000 BTU/sqft Design a net zero energy building
PREDICTIVE MODELING (Absolute energy target) VERSUS COMPLIANCE MODELING (Percent better than ASHRAE 90.1)
New Buildings Institute Energy Performance of LEED for New Construction Buildings (March 2008)
Heifer International Center NVCI Cancer Research Kitsap County Admin Building The Signature Centre Great River Energy Headquarters Ft. Carson Brigade/Battalion HQ NREL Research Support Facility International Fund for Animal Welfare Omega Center Chevron Office Bremerton BEQ University of Denver Sturm College Naval Facilities Ft. Lewis Barracks and Dinning Dillard University EPA Region 8 Headquarters Fernald Visitors Center Commerce City Civic Center Leo Trombatore Office ASU School of Journalism ASU College of Nursing & Health Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Leprino Building San Joaquin Admin Building Las Cruces Courthouse NASA Sustainability Base Applied Research & Development Aircraft RSF National Association of Realtors Oregon Sustainability Fort Bragg Forces Command HQ San Joaquin Comm. College DC Federal Building Cost per Square Foot $600 $500 $400 $300 RSF Cost: $259/SF Average Cost: $334/SF $200 $100 $- Other Certified Silver Gold Platinum Source: DBIA Project Database
Net Zero Site Energy Building Net Zero Source Energy Building Net Zero Energy Emissions Building Net Zero Energy Cost Building
Demand-Side: Reduce site energy though low-energy building technologies On-Site Supply: Renewable energy within building footprint Renewable energy within site Off-Site Supply: Renewable energy off site to generate energy on site Purchase off-site renewable energy sources
Baseline Energy Use Passive Design Reduced Energy Use
Efficient Systems Dramatically Reduced Energy Use Renewable Energy
Energy driven form 115,000 SF Conventional form 65,000 SF
<30% Window to Wall Ratio >70% Window to Wall Ratio
Ambient lighting with daylight sensors for 25 fc Ambient daylight 6 watt task light 50 fc
Source: NREL, Reducing Plug and Process Loads for a Large Scale, Low Energy Office Building: NREL s Research Support Facility
RSF Staff Parking RSF RSF II RSF Visitor Parking
New Building = 35 kbtu/sf/year Leased Building = 133 kbtu/sf/year Annual Energy Savings = $275,590
20 Year NPV = $4.4M or $20/SF 30 Year NPV = $6.0M or $27/SF
Credit: Chad Lobato/NREL Model RSF PV Model RSF PV Model RSF PV Model RSF PV Model RSF PV Model RSF PV Model RSF PV Model RSF PV Model RSF PV Model RSF PV Model RSF PV Model RSF PV Monthly EUI (kbtu/ft 2 ) Annual EUI (kbtu/ft 2 ) Measured Versus Modeled Monthly and Cumulative EUI 4.5 4.0 36 32 The PV system is sized for an annual EUI of 35.1 kbtu/ft 2. 3.5 28 3.0 24 PV Data Center Mechanical Systems 2.5 20 Plug Loads Lighting Heating 2.0 16 Cooling Model Annual EUI RSF Annual EUI 1.5 12 1.0 8 0.5 4 0.0 0 October 2010 November 2010 December 2010 January 2011 February 2011 March 2011 April 2011 May 2011 June 2011 July 2011 August 2011 September 2011 Note: The annual EUI values are demand side values and do not include the 61 Innovation for Our Energy Future
Power Density (W/ft 2 ) October 2010 September 2011 Lighting Power Density 0.35 0.33 0.30 0.28 0.25 0.23 0.20 0.18 0.15 0.13 0.10 0.08 Model Average October 2010 November 2010 December 2010 January 2011 February 2011 March 2011 April 2011 May 2011 June 2011 July 2011 August 2011 September 2011 0.05 0.03 0.00 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Credit: Chad Lobato/NREL Time of Day Innovation for Our Energy Future
Power Density (W/ft 2 ) 0.65 October 2010 September 2011 Plug Load Power Density 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 Credit: Matthew Luckwitz/NREL 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Credit: Chad Lobato/NREL Time of Day Innovation for Our Energy Future Model Average October 2010 November 2010 December 2010 January 2011 February 2011 March 2011 April 2011 May 2011 June 2011 July 2011 August 2011 September 2011 Note: The elevators are included in the plug loads
WHAT ARE THE BEST PRACTICES?
1 Performance-based procurement 2 3 4 5 6 Predicting energy use Passive architecture and load reduction Low energy active systems Integrated renewable energy Zero energy operation
WHO IS PURSUING NET ZERO ENERGY?