From observations to archives: WMO activities Peer Hechler Data Management Applications Division Climate and Water Department
Content Data rescue: Initiation at national level and international I-DARE portal; Voluntary Observing Stations; WMO Recognition of long-term observing stations (Centennial stations); Automatic Weather Stations; GOS to WIGOS transition: Reference-, principle- and ordinary climatological stations; Use of satellite data: Inventory of essential climate variables; Use of weather radar data for climate: Technical requirements; Use of lightning data for climate: Why and how; CCl statement of requirements re observations; Climate Data Management Systems: Specifications, user stories, implementation status worldwide, future prospects incl. OpenCDMS; World Weather Records, Climate normals, Daily CLIMAT; Quality control; Climate Services Information System; Registering climate-relevant data under WIS; Homogenisation; High quality global data management framework for climate; Technical reference document on climate data management; Information management: Generation, maturity and discoverability ofand access to- climate data sets; data policy; international data centres
Content?
Starting position: Examples Observationsand the provision of climate services is among the key priorities of WMO and partners. 25% of Members do not use a data base 45% of Members developed their own CDMS 48% of Members have operational issues with their CDMS 10% of Members have a CDMS but itisnot operational 50% of Members would like to change their CDMS Bridging the gap:building capacities for efficient uptake of observations and climate service generation requires basic capabilities in collecting and managing climate relevant data and information.
Examples of current WMO activities www.idare-portal.org
Examples of current WMO activities WMO of 3 Nov. 2016; ref.: CLW/CLPA/DMA/I-DARE Subject: International Data Rescue Portal (I-DARE) fully operational www.idare-portal.org
Examples of current WMO activities Currently, WMO/CClsupports data rescue activities in a dozen of countries; dedicated on-site supports seems to be most efficient
Examples of current WMO activities
Examples of current WMO activities Climate observations Best practices for the implementation of volunteer observing networks WMO Recognition of long-term observing stations Transition of WMO GOS to WIGOS Towards a global land surface climate reference network (GCOS/CCl) Use of weather radar for climate studies(gcos/ccl) Lightning observations for climate applications (GCOS/CCl) Satellite data: Use of ECV inventoryand pilot on extremesmonitoring from space
Centennial Stations initiative 60 stations from all WMO RAs recognised by EC-69; Another 26 under closer review; New call in early2018. By recognizing long-term observing stations according to a list of criteria, WMO promotes sustainable observational standards and best practices that facilitate the generation of high-quality long-term time series data. https://public.wmo.int/en/our-mandate/what-we-do/observations/long-term-observing-stations
Climate Data Management Systems 96 differentcdmssare in use accordingto a WMO surveyto which137 out of 191 Membersresponded. Froma global perspective itisveryexpensiveto maintainand improve/update somanysystems. Note: The belowmapdisplaying franchise CDMSs is DRAFT and will be developed further! WMO assists WMO assists countries in need in CDMS implementation and training; CHALLENGE: SUSTAINABILITY
Creating global data sets
Creating global data sets World WeatherRecords (WWR): First releasedin 1927; monthlymeanvalues of pressure, temperature, precipitation, humidity; decadalupdates until2010; annualupdates since2011; 2016 collection: 50 Membersubmissions; 2015 collection: lessthan40 submissions Climatological Standard Normals(CLINO) as per Cg-17: i) Climatological Standard Normals: Averages of climatological data computed for the following consecutive periods of 30 years: 1 January 1981 31December2010,1January1991 31December2020etc. ii) WMO Reference Period for long-term climate change assessment: The consecutiveperiodof30yearsfrom1january1961 31December1990. AWMOcallforMemberstosubmitCLINO1981-2010isexpectedsoon.
Creating global data sets Daily climate observations via monthly CLIMAT messages For many measures of climate extremes, monthly CLIMAT data are insufficient and daily summaries provided via SYNOP messages are also insufficient GCOS and CBS recommendation to include daily climate observations in monthly CLIMAT messages CBS in 2015 approved a template for transmission of daily climate observations in BUFR format Testing in the US as well as with the cooperation of the UK Met Office; template recommended to be authorized as a standard template for all Members CCl-17 (March 2018)
Issued: Examples of WMO guidance updates WMO CDMS Specifications (WMO-No. 1131, 2014) Guidelines on Best Practices for Climate Data Rescue ( WMO-No. 1182, 2016) Guidelines for the Submissionof the World WeatherRecords 2011+ (WMO-No. 1186, 2017) Submitted for publication: WMO Guidance Note: Challenges in Transition Period from Conventional to Automatic Networks for Longer-term Climate Records WMO Guidelines: Calculation of Climate Normals WMO Guidelines on Generating a Defined Set of National Climate Monitoring Products Under development: WMO Guidelines on Surface Station Quality Assurance for Climate Applications WMO Guidelines on Homogenisation
Towards a coordinated approach ClimateServices Information System (CSIS) High QualityGlobal Data Management Framework for Climate WIGOS WIS 2.0 Seamless GDPFS Work is under progress to define and implement a system for climate information management (generation, provision, discoverability, accessibility, usability of climate data and products across global, regional and national levels) WMCs GPCs CMIP RCCs Monitoring centres RCOFs CORDEX WMO climate statement ICA&D GSCU Data centres
High QualityGlobal Data Management Framework for Climate Guidance, as well as technical regulations, to optimise and harmonise the way data are managed, including - Definitions and concepts for climate data - Sources of data - Guidance on data management for climate - Collaborative infrastructure for information management - Information management governance - Capacity-building - Quality management. 18
High QualityGlobal Data Management Why another framework? Framework for Climate Much existing guidance on climate data management is out of date or inconsistent, due to rapid recent advances in technologies etc Many countries' NMHSs report lack of capacity in (climate) data management Lack of standardisation of terminology, processes, policies Lack of a regulatory framework Opportunity: make better use of proliferation of new data sources and advances in technology. 19
High QualityGlobal Data Management Framework for Climate Climate dataset special requirements Climate data should be: As long as possible, and accessible in digital forms; As far as possible complete; Properly quality controlled, with confidence assessments; As far as possible free of spurious discontinuities and trends (requiring attention to observing practices); Accompanied by adequate metadata and complete documentation of lineage. Above needs make stringent attention to management of data and metadata important. 20
Climate Services Information System (CSIS) Basic infrastructure (CSIS) mimimum functions at global, regional and national levels Rescue data Manage, archive and exchange data Generate data sets Perform climate diagnostics/analyses Establish historical reference climatology Implement climate watch (system to inform decision makers of ongoing or developing climate anomalies with potential negative impact on societies) Provide LRF information (seasonal outlooks etc) and verification information Provide information re climate change projections and validation information
Climate Services Information System (CSIS) Elements of existing infrastructure to be considered Global Regional National Observations WIGOS, GSN, GUAN etc. WIGOS, RBON (RBSN, RBCN) etc. WIGOS, national obs networks etc. Data and data management Globaldata centres, WIS (GISCs, DCPCs) Product generation Global climate monitoring centres, GPCs, CMIP WMO RCCs, WIS (DCPCs) WMO RCCs, CORDEX National data centres, CDMS, WIS (National Centres), CST NMHSs, CST
Climate Services Information System (CSIS) What is the Climate Services Toolkit? -> A suite of guidance, procedures and instructions, data, software tools, training resources, and examples for enabling climate services at global, regional, and national levels Some prominent examples of CST content: IRI ClimateData Library, ICA&D, ECMWF datasets; CDMSs(CLIDATA, CliDE etc); KNMI Climate Explorer, NOAA CPC CMT; APCC Climate Information Toolkit(CLIK), CPT; PRECIS
Data rescue: Initiation at national level and international I-DARE portal; Voluntary Observing Stations; WMO Recognition of long-term observing stations (Centennial stations); Automatic Weather Stations; GOS to WIGOS transition: Reference-, principle- and ordinary climatological stations; Use of satellite data: Inventory of essential climate variables; Use of weather radar data for climate: Technical requirements; Use of lightning data for climate: Why and how; CCl statement of requirements re observations; Climate Data Management Systems: Specifications, user stories, implementation status worldwide, future prospects incl. OpenCDMS; World Weather Records, Climate normals, Daily CLIMAT; Quality control; Climate Services Information System; Registering climaterelevant data under WIS; Homogenisation; High quality global data management framework for climate; Technical reference document on climate data management; Information management: Generation, maturity and discoverability of- and access to- climate data sets; data policy; international data centres Content? Cherry-picking
Underpinning Climate Services Observationsand the provision of climate services is among the key priorities of WMO and partners. A concertedeffort isneededto improveclimatedata management capabilities globally
Thank you! phechler@wmo.int Some slides reused from presentations of Maxx Dilley, Bruce Bannerman, Marina Livzey/ICT-CSIS, Randy McCracken, William Wright