Kinematics and Vectors Project

Transcription

1 Kinematics and Vectors Project Follow all the directions of this assignment and show all your work. Your parent(s) will need to help you and sign this paper indicating that they ve helped you and that you ve taught them the physics necessary to understand your calculations and the concepts. Materials For this project, you will need: a stop watch or a watch with a timer on it, a map (print map, map from Google maps or other internet mapping site), graph paper, a ruler, a protractor and your scientific calculator. You will also need the help of a parent(s) and/or another family member with a car and a driver s license to complete this project. Procedure and Data Record the make, year, and model of the type of car you rode in for this experiment. Also record the final destination and its address. Part I: Displacement Vectors Choose a destination to which you will travel, perhaps from your home to Wal-Mart, Shop-Rite, Annandale Deli, Post Office, or McDonalds. Your choice should be more than 10 miles from your home and must have a minimum of five directional changes. Plot your route on a map from your home to that location (you may use a paper map or an on-line service). You will need two copies of the map. Then get a licensed driver to take you on your trip while you collect data. Using the stop watch and the car s odometer, drive the route you plotted. Mark the distance to each major change in direction you make and the time to travel that distance in a table similar to Table-1. Students, do NOT look at the speedometer while doing this. Parents, you may drive at a constant speed, or speed up and slow down as you wish. At no time should you drive in an unsafe manner or above the speed limit. Part II: Acceleration On a highway, or major road, time how long it takes your parents to accelerate from rest (v i = 0 mph) to different speeds using a table similar to Table-2. Parents you may accelerate as quickly or as slowly as you are comfortable with. At no time should you drive in an unsafe manner or exceed the speed limit. Do five different trials. Part III: Deceleration For this part, the student will time how long it takes their parents to slow down, either by braking or by coasting (I recommend doing both), from a known speed to another known speed. Fill in the measurements on a table similar to Data Table-3. Parents you may decelerate as quickly or as slowly as you are comfortable with. At no time should you drive in an unsafe manner or exceed the speed limit. Do five different trials. Calculations: You needn t show each and every calculation. In a labeled section of the report, show one sample titled calculation for each calculation you make in this project. Remember your units MUST agree, so you may have to do some converting. There are 1610 meters in one mile. Completion of Data Tables For Part I you need to calculate the distance in meters and the average velocity. Using the average velocity equation, calculate the average velocity of the car over each time interval. Complete the data table for each leg of the trip. In Parts II and III you need to calculate speeds in m/s, accelerations, and distances covered. Complete Data Table-2 and Data Table-3 and make sure to remember that you may have to do some converting to make your units agree with each other Graphical Analysis of Vectors Graph-1 Displacement Vectors Using one of the maps, create a scaled displacement vector diagram of your trip. Show each leg of your trip the tail of your first vector should be located at the starting point. Connect the tail of each successive vector to the tip of the previous vector. Remember that displacement vectors show resultant distance, not the route traveled. They are straight line arrows beginning at the start of that leg of the trip and ending where the next major direction change occurs. Once you have drawn all the displacement vectors, measure their directions using a protractor and fill in the last column of Table-1. Then draw a resultant vector from your starting location to your destination. Using the scale of the map, measure its length and its direction and record them on the diagram.

2 Graph-2 Velocity Vectors On a sheet of graph paper, create a scaled velocity vector diagram of your trip. Use your velocities and directions from Table-1. Show the velocity of each leg of your trip. The tail of your first vector should be located at the starting point. Connect the tail of each successive vector to the tip of the previous vector. Each velocity vector should be scaled to an appropriate size to fit on your graph. The scale should be included on your graph. Draw a Resultant Vector from the tail your initial velocity vector to the tip of your final velocity vector. Measure its length and direction and record them on the diagram. Sample Velocity Vector Graph Part VI: Graphical and Mathematical Analyses of Resultant Vectors On each vector diagram, make a right triangle with your resultant vector as the hypotenuse. Measure the angle between the first component vector and the hypotenuse. Using the scale for each diagram, measure the horizontal and vertical components of the resultant vectors for each diagram. Label the components on the diagrams. In a separate part of the report, use the mathematical skills we learned in class to calculate the horizontal and vertical components of the resultant vectors for displacement and velocity. The Report: The report should be typed with the exception of the sample calculations and vector diagrams. The report should include the following sections in the listed order. Cover Page with Title, your name and date Purpose (self-composed description of the objective of the activity) Map of trip Data Table Sample Calculations Graphical Analysis of Vectors Mathematical Resolution of your resultant vectors into their components Parent Student Signature Page Students please discuss with your parent/ driver the following concepts: In your discussion please make sure you compare the paired items. Vector Quantities/Scalar Quantities Speed/Velocity Acceleration/Deceleration Displacement/Distance

3 Sample Data Tables: Destination: Address: Car Data: Year: Make: Model: Data Table-1: Average Velocity Vectors Leg of Trip Home/Start Distance (in miles) Distance: (seconds) Average Velocity Direction Data Table-2: Acceleration (in seconds) Acceleration (in m/s 2 ) Distance Covered Data Table 3: Deceleration (in seconds) Acceleration (in m/s 2 ) Distance Covered

4 Part VII: Parent and Student Signature I,, (student) have taught my parent(s) about the physics that I have learned this year in Mr. Brochinsky s class. I have been patient with them and worked with them until they understood the material and was confident that they knew the main ideas. I am grateful that they have taken an interest in me and my academic career., [parent(s)] have helped my/our child with this project and been patient with them while they were explaining to me the concepts and equations to be used in these experiments. I understand the physics that they are learning in Mr. Brochinsky s class and I am grateful to have been a part of their learning process. The student discussed the following terms with me: Concept Discussed Initials Vector Quantities/Scalar Quantities Speed/Velocity Acceleration/Deceleration Displacement/Distance

5 Vector Mini-Project Grading Rubric NAME: The report should include the following details Page Points Available Points Received Separate Cover Page with Title your name and date 3 Creative Title (not Kinematics and Vector Project ) 3 Self-Composed Purpose 3 Map of Route 5 Data Tables 10 Sample Calculations 10 Graphical Analysis of Vectors 10 Mathematical Resolution of Resultant Vectors 10 Parent Student Signature Page 3 Rubric Attached as the last page and filled in 3 Total Points / 60