Daylighting. Openings. Daylighting Luminaires = Openings. Openings. Levente Filetóth Light sources.

Transcription

1 Daylighting Openings Levente Filetóth Dpt. of Building Energetics and Services K Daylighting Luminaires = Openings Light sources direct sunlight diffused light of the sky reflected light Luminaires Openings: side-lights (such as windows) skylights Special daylighting systems Openings Side lights (windows) Skylights

2 Openings Daylight enters through the transparent surfaces of the openings into the interior Openings are the those structural units that contains such transparent surfaces Openings Openings let the daylight in, while also modify the characteristics of daylight Their orientation determines the part of the sky hemisphere that will provide daylight Their structure will effect the illuminance distribution in the interior Openings Integral part of the building envelope and of the building structure Most comply with several disciplines (energy, structure, building construction) besides providing natural light Provide visual connection with the exterior

3 Openings Structural aspects Widows (side lights), Skylights Transparent walls Transparent ceilings Other transparent elements of the building shell and structure Openings Main structural parts of openings (considering daylighting) Transparent surfaces Obstructions (frame) Reflecting surfaces Openings Main structural parts of openings (considering daylighting) Transparent surfaces Obstructions (frame) Reflecting surfaces

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6 Translarent walls Typical efficiency values: single-layered, transparent glass: cca. 0,7 double-layered, transparent glass: cca. 0,6 glass blcoks: cca. 0,3 Further reduction of efficiency due to: dirt: 25-30% Skylights Linear Spot Skylights Located above the ceiling Inclination of transparent surface: 0-90 Arbitrary orientation Layout: Linear Spot

7 Linear skylights Geometry: Saw-tooth Horizontal Monitor Picthed Saw-tooth Saw-tooth (0-90 ): Efficiency: 90 : 0,1 0,2 60 : 0,2 0,25 30 : 0,25 0,35 Northern orientation ensures protection agains direct sunlight!

8 Horizontal Horizontal: Efficiency: 0,25 0,4 Protection must be provided against direct sunlight! Monitor Monitor (60-90 ): Efficiency: symm. 90 : 0,1-0,2 assymm. 90 : 0,15-0,2 sloping gl.: 0,2 0,35 Protection must be provided against direct sunlight! Pitched Pitched (cca. 45 ): Efficiency 0,3 0.4 Protection must be provided against direct sunlight!

9 Spot skylights Geometry: Dome Pyramid Prism Dome Dome: Efficiency: 0,2 0.4 Protection must be provided against direct sunlight! Prism Prism (cca. 45 ): Efficiency 0, Protection must be provided against direct sunlight!

10 Spot Skylights Spot Skylights Spot Skylights

11 Spot Skylights Geometry: Saw-tooth Horizontal Monitor Picthed Daylighting systems Prisms Dayligh,ng tubes Shading devices, Light- shelves Dayligh,ng systems Prisms, Light-selves, Shading devices

12 Prisms Light-selves Prisms, Light-selves, Shading devices Prisms, Light-selves, Shading devices

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14 Prisms, Light-selves, Shading devices Prisms, Light-selves, Shading devices Daylighting tubes

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16 Hybrid Daylighting Systems Hybrid Daylighting Systems Hybrid Daylighting Systems

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18 Openings and Shading Devices The amount of daylight entering the interior changes constantly, the transparency of shading devices must adopt to this: dark exterior (night) adequate amount of daylight is present (eq. cloudy sky) intolerable amount of daylight is present (eq. clear sky) Openings and Shading Devices Openings - equipped with internal or external shading devices - must also ensure visual connection with the exterior, possibly at all times! Dark exterior Glazed surfaces become black holes on the building envelope It is recommended to add curtains for the internal surfaces of the openings at night!

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20 Shading devices Shading devices The available amount of daylight constantly changes, the required amount of shading must be changed accordingly: manual control central - automated - control Shading devices The structure of the material of shading devices can be: homogeneous

21 Shading devices The structure of the material of shading devices can be: inhomogeneous Such materials might cause visual discomfort, glare in the interior! Shading devices The structure of the material of shading devices can be: inhomogeneous Such materials might cause visual discomfort, glare in the interior! Shading devices The structure of the material of shading devices can be: homogeneous or inhomogeneous Inhomogeneous materials might cause visual discomfort, glare in the interior!

22 Shading devices The structure of the material of shading devices can be: homogeneous or inhomogeneous Inhomogeneous materials might cause visual discomfort, glare in the interior! Shading devices The structure of the material of shading devices can be: homogeneous or inhomogeneous Inhomogeneous materials might cause visual discomfort, glare in the interior! Shading devices The structure of the material of shading devices can be: homogeneous or inhomogeneous Inhomogeneous materials might cause visual discomfort, glare in the interior!

23 Shading devices The structure of the material of shading devices can be: homogeneous or inhomogeneous Inhomogeneous materials might cause visual discomfort, glare in the interior! Shading devices Shading devices Color: it is recommended to use white or light gray colors to achieve maximal light reflectance Light Diffusion: shiny materials ensure better light reflectance, but could also create glare (visual discomfort) it s easier to clean the shiny surfaces

24 Shading devices Color: it is recommended to use white or light gray colors to achieve maximal light reflectance Light Diffusion: shiny materials ensure better light reflectance, but could also create glare (visual discomfort) it s easier to clean the shiny surfaces Shading devices Color: it is recommended to use white or light gray colors to achieve maximal light reflectance Light Diffusion: shiny materials ensure better light reflectance, but could also create glare (visual discomfort) it s easier to clean the shiny surfaces Shading devices Color: it is recommended to use white or light gray colors to achieve maximal light reflectance Light Diffusion: shiny materials ensure better light reflectance, but could also create glare (visual discomfort) it s easier to clean the shiny surfaces

25 Shading devices Color: it is recommended to use white or light gray colors to achieve maximal light reflectance Light Diffusion: shiny materials ensure better light reflectance, but could also create glare (visual discomfort) it s easier to clean the shiny surfaces Shading devices Color: it is recommended to use white or light gray colors to achieve maximal light reflectance Light Diffusion: shiny materials ensure better light reflectance, but could also create glare (visual discomfort) it s easier to clean the shiny surfaces Shading devices Color: it is recommended to use white or light gray colors to achieve maximal light reflectance Light Diffusion: shiny materials ensure better light reflectance, but could also create glare (visual discomfort) it s easier to clean the shiny surfaces

26 Shading devices Color: it is recommended to use white or light gray colors to achieve maximal light reflectance Light Diffusion: shiny materials ensure better light reflectance, but could also create glare (visual discomfort) it s easier to clean the shiny surfaces Shading devices Color: it is recommended to use white or light gray colors to achieve maximal light reflectance Light Diffusion: shiny materials ensure better light reflectance, but could also create glare (visual discomfort) it s easier to clean the shiny surfaces